Class 10 Exam > Class 10 Notes > Science Class 10 > Important Definitions and Equations: Magnetic Effects of Electric Current
Important Definitions and Equations: Magnetic Effects of Electric Current | Science Class 10 PDF Download
| Table of contents |
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| Magnetism and Magnetic Fields |
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| Right Hand Thumb Rule |
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| Magnetic Field due to Current through a Straight Conductor |
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| Permanent Magnet |
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| Electric Motor |
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Magnetism and Magnetic Fields
- A magnet is any substance that attracts iron or iron-like materials.
- An electric current-carrying wire behaves like a magnet.
- Electromagnets and electric motors involve the magnetic effect of electric current, while electric generators involve the electric effect of moving magnets.
- Compass needles get deflected when an electric current passes through a metallic conductor.
Right Hand Thumb Rule
Used to determine the direction of the magnetic field around a current-carrying conductor.
Magnetic Field due to Current through a Straight Conductor
- Magnetic field lines around a straight conductor form concentric circles at each point.
- Magnetic field strength is proportional to the current's strength and inversely proportional to the distance from the conductor.
Magnetic Field due to Current through a Circular Loop
- Magnetic field lines around a circular loop form concentric circles that expand with distance.
- The direction of the magnetic field inside the loop is the same.
Factors Affecting Magnetic Field of a Circular Conductor
- Magnetic field strength is proportional to the current, inversely proportional to the distance, and directly proportional to the number of turns in the coil.
- Magnetic fields of multiple loops add up due to the specific direction of the current in each circular turn.
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Solenoid
- A solenoid is a coil of many circular turns of insulated copper wire wrapped closely in a cylindrical form.
- The magnetic field of a solenoid is similar to that of a bar magnet and is uniform inside.
- The direction of the magnetic field is from North to South outside and from South to North inside the solenoid.
Permanent Magnet
A permanent magnet cannot be easily demagnetized, has fixed strength and polarity, and is generally a weak magnet.
Force on a Current-Carrying Conductor in a Magnetic Field
- The magnet exerts an equal and opposite force on a current-carrying conductor.
- Maximum displacement occurs when the current is perpendicular to the magnetic field.
Fleming's Left Hand Rule
Describes the direction of the force on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field.
Fleming's Right Hand Rule
Used to determine the direction of induced current in electromagnetic induction.
Electric Motor
Converts electrical energy into mechanical energy using a rotating coil in a magnetic field.
Electric Generator
Uses mechanical energy to rotate a conductor in a magnetic field to produce electricity through electromagnetic induction.
Alternate Current (A.C.) and Direct Current (D.C.)
A.C. reverses direction periodically, while D.C. does not.
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FAQs on Important Definitions and Equations: Magnetic Effects of Electric Current - Science Class 10
| 1. What is the Right Hand Thumb Rule and how is it used in magnetism? |  |
Ans. The Right Hand Thumb Rule is a simple mnemonic used to determine the direction of the magnetic field produced by a current-carrying conductor. According to this rule, if you hold the conductor with your right hand such that your thumb points in the direction of the current, then the curl of your fingers will indicate the direction of the magnetic field lines around the conductor.
| 2. How is the magnetic field generated by a current flowing through a straight conductor? | |
Ans. The magnetic field generated by a straight conductor carrying an electric current forms concentric circles around the conductor. The strength of the magnetic field decreases with distance from the conductor. The direction of the magnetic field can be determined using the Right Hand Thumb Rule, where the thumb points in the direction of the current and the fingers show the magnetic field direction.
| 3. What is a permanent magnet and how does it differ from an electromagnet? | |
Ans. A permanent magnet is a material that maintains a persistent magnetic field without the need for an external power source. It is made from ferromagnetic materials like iron, cobalt, or nickel. In contrast, an electromagnet is a type of magnet that becomes magnetized when an electric current flows through it and loses its magnetism when the current is turned off. Permanent magnets provide a constant magnetic field, whereas electromagnets can be turned on and off.
| 4. What role does magnetism play in the functioning of an electric motor? | |
Ans. In an electric motor, magnetism is used to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. When an electric current passes through the coils of wire (armature) in the presence of a magnetic field, it experiences a force due to the interaction between the magnetic field and the current. This force results in rotation, allowing the motor to perform work. The direction of rotation can be altered by changing the direction of the current.
| 5. What are the important equations related to the magnetic effects of electric current? | |
Ans. Some important equations related to the magnetic effects of electric current include:
1. The formula for the magnetic field (B) around a long straight conductor:
\( B = \frac{\mu_0 I}{2\pi r} \)
where \( \mu_0 \) is the permeability of free space, \( I \) is the current, and \( r \) is the distance from the conductor.
2. The force (F) on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field:
\( F = BIL \sin(\theta) \)
where \( L \) is the length of the conductor and \( \theta \) is the angle between the magnetic field and the current direction.
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