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Major Landforms Chapter Notes | Be an Explorer 5: Book Solutions, Notes & Worksheets - Class 5 PDF Download
Introduction
- Earth's surface is diverse, with 29% covered by land and 71% by water.
- Various natural features on land are termed as landforms.
- Major landforms include mountains, plateaus, plains, rivers, and deserts.
Mountains
- Definition: Large landforms rising more than 900 meters above sea level.
- Composition: Steep, sloping sides and a peak or summit.
- Mountain Ranges: A series or chain of mountains.
- Age and Shape: Young mountains have pointed peaks, while old mountains have rounded peaks.
- Examples: Himalayas and Alps (young), Aravalli Hills and Appalachian Mountains (old).
- Importance: Natural barriers, rich in resources (minerals and forests), source of rivers, and tourism attraction.
Plateaus
- Definition: Elevated flatlands with steep slopes.
- Formation: Deposition of sand and silt from rivers.
- Examples: Tibetan Plateau, Deccan Plateau, Colorado Plateau.
- Characteristics: Rich in mineral deposits, grasslands for grazing, and some have unique features like the Grand Canyon.
- Importance: Suitable for agriculture, transportation challenges due to uneven terrain.
Plains
- Definition: Flat and level lands formed by river deposition.
- Characteristics: Suitable for agriculture due to fertile soil, thickly populated, well-developed transportation.
- Examples: Northern Plains in India.
- Historical Significance: Birthplaces of ancient civilizations like the Indus Valley Civilization.
Rivers
- Origin: Mountains, journey through upper, middle, and lower courses.
- Features: Waterfalls, rapids, canyons in upper course; meanders in middle course; delta formation in lower course.
- Importance: Source of water for irrigation, transportation, formation of fertile plains.
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Deserts
- Definition: Large areas with little precipitation, covered by sand or snow.
- Types: Hot deserts (e.g., Sahara, Thar) and cold deserts (e.g., Antarctica, Atacama).
- Characteristics: Harsh climate with hot days and cold nights, frequent dust storms, dunes.
- Importance: Oil deposits, unique flora and fauna adaptation, minerals concentration.
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Conclusion
- Understanding landforms helps us appreciate the Earth's diverse geography.
- Each landform has unique characteristics and significance.
- Our planet's landscapes are shaped by natural processes over time.
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FAQs on Major Landforms Chapter Notes - Be an Explorer 5: Book Solutions, Notes & Worksheets - Class 5
| 1. What are some examples of major landforms? |  |
| 2. How are mountains formed? | |
Ans. Mountains are formed through tectonic activity, when two tectonic plates collide or one plate moves over another, causing the Earth's crust to push upwards and form a mountain range.
| 3. What is the difference between a plateau and a plain? | |
Ans. A plateau is a flat-topped elevated area that is usually surrounded by steep slopes, while a plain is a flat or gently sloping landform with no significant elevation changes.
| 4. How are valleys formed? | |
Ans. Valleys are typically formed through erosion by water or glaciers. Water erosion carves out the land, creating a V-shaped valley, while glaciers can create U-shaped valleys by scouring the land.
| 5. What role do rivers play in shaping landforms? | |
Ans. Rivers play a crucial role in shaping landforms by eroding and transporting sediments, carving out valleys, and depositing sediments to form deltas. Over time, rivers can create canyons and gorges through their erosive power.
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Apr 01, 2025
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