Solved Examples: Statements and Assumptions | General Intelligence and Reasoning for SSC CGL PDF Download

Definition

An assumption is an element we accept as true, forming the foundation of a valid statement. Questions in this context provide a statement accompanied by two potential assumptions. The task is to select the most fitting assumption from the provided options.

Rules for Statements and Assumptions

• Assumptions are consistently unspecified and positive in nature.
• Words like each, every, only, all, any, and others, as well as interrogative words like why, what, and these, and words indicating certainty like definitely, therefore, and but, are always present in assumptions. These words signify that assumptions are never explicitly stated in the statement.
• The presence of terms like few, to a large extent, some, much, and many in the assumption options suggests that assumptions are always implicit.
• Assumptions conveying a message akin to a notice, commercial appeal, or anything related to marketing are invariably considered implicit.
• Assumptions discussing social well-being or anything positive, whether linked to government policies or procedures, are always treated as implicit.
• Assumptions referring to both past and future time frames will never provide clarity for the given statement.
• Any assumption containing words like suggestion, order, or request is always considered implicit. Restatement is never implicit.
• Making comparisons is deemed incorrect when selecting assumptions from options for a given statement.

Solved Examples

Example 1: Statements: “Please send this email in the evening”. An officer tells his assistant.
Assumptions:
I. The assistant would follow the instructions.
II. The assistant knows the email address to whom the email is to be sent.
(a) Only assumption I is implicit
(b) Only assumption II is implicit
(c) Either I or II is implicit
(d) Neither I nor II is implicit
Ans: (a)
From the statement, It can be assumed that assistant will follow the instructions but it can not be assumed that the assistants knows the email address. Thus only I follows.

Example 2: Statements: No family planning mostly leads to high child mortality
Assumptions:
I. There are cases of High child mortality.
II. Lack of family planning does take place.
(a) Only assumption I is implicit
(b) Only assumption II is implicit
(c) Either I or II is implicit
(d) Both I and II are implicit
Ans: (d)
It is very clear from the statements that child mortality take place when lack of family planning is there hence, both are follow.

Example 3: Statement: Richard’s advice to Katie-If you want to study English, join ASI institute”.
Assumptions:
I. Katie listens Richard’s advice.
II. ASI institute provides good English classes.
(a) Only assumption I is implicit
(b) Only assumption II is implicit
(c) Either I or II is implicit
(d) Both I and II are implicit
Ans: (d)
Clearly both the assumptions are correct because if someone listens to other then only other will advise. Also it is mentioned in the statement that ASI institute is good for English.

Example 4: Statement: "Ensure a good heath for your family with Olive oil." - An advertisement.
Assumptions:
I. Olive oil is better than any other food oils.
II. A good family health is desirable.
(a) Only assumption I is implicit
(b) Only assumption II is implicit
(c) Either I or II is implicit
(d) Both I and II are implicit
Ans: (b)
The statement mentions the good qualities of olive oil but this does not mean it is the best. So, I is not implicit. Also, an advertisement talks about a good family health which is desirable. So, II is implicit.

Example 5: Statement: Vitamin B tablets improve brain development, keep your mood good.
Assumptions:
I. People like a good mood.
II. Mood becomes negative in the absence of brain development.
(a) Only assumption I is implicit
(b) Only assumption II is implicit
(c) Either I or II is implicit
(d) Both I and II are implicit
Ans: (d)
Generally, only that good feature of a product is highlighted which is important for individuals. So, I is implicit. Since mood will be good if brain works perfectly, so II is also implicit.

Example 6: Statement: “Stop drinking before it ends you.” – A notice issued in public interest by drugs and health ministry.
Assumptions:
I. People feel afraid of being devastated.
II. Alcohol destroys the whole family.
(a) Only assumption I is implicit
(b) Only assumption II is implicit
(c) Either I or II is implicit
(d) Both I and II are implicit
Ans: (a)
The notice given by the drugs and health ministry clearly mentions the bad– results of drinking. The reason of writing the bad effect must be to stop people for consuming alcohol. Thus I is correct. II is not correct as it is too straight.

Example 7: Statement: “Repeat your Matrimonial ads on Sunday for just 100 per sq cm.” – An advertisement in a newspaper
Assumption:
I. People want advertisement at no cost
II. There are some people who want to repeat their matrimonial advertisement.
(a) Only assumption I is implicit
(b) Only assumption II is implicit
(c) Either I or II is implicit
(d) Both I and II are implicit
Ans: (b)
The word just means that that people wants advertisement at the lowermost cost. Therefore I is not true. II is obvious; that is why this type of ads are given.

Example 8: Statement: The doctor warned Mr. Shah against any further consumption of drugs, if he desired to get cured from the disease and live a longer life.
Assumptions
I. Mr. Shah may follow the doctor’s advice and stop consuming drugs
II. The doctor may be able to cure Mr. Shah from the disease, if he stops consuming drugs
(a) Only assumption I is implicit
(b) Only assumption II is implicit
(c) Either I or II is implicit
(d) Both I and II are implicit
Ans: (d)
Clearly both I and II are implicit on the ground of information provided.

Example 9: Statement: The driver of the Bulldozer dragged the emergency brakes to elude hitting the car which suddenly came in front of the vehicle.
Assumptions:
I. The car driver may be able to steer his vehicle away from the oncoming vehicle
II. The bulldozer driver may be able to stop the vehicle before it hits the car
Ans: (b)
The driver does not have control on what the car driver will do. Hence, I is invalid. But II is a valid as if one takes an action he takes up its consequence.

Example 10: Statement: "BSA Cycles - Fast, easy to ride, inspiring, consistent, crafted and up-to-date automation." - An advertisement.
Assumptions:
I. No other brands are available with any of these features.
II. Cost is not a matter for People.
(a) Only assumption I is implicit
(b) Only assumption II is implicit
(c) Either I or II is implicit
(d) Neither I nor II is implicit
Ans: (d)
The advertisement is for BSA cycles. There is no information given about the cost or the features of other brands of cycles. So, neither I nor II is implicit.