UPSC Exam > UPSC Notes > Medical Science Optional Notes for UPSC > Paracetamol Poisoning, Cyanide Poisoning
Paracetamol Poisoning, Cyanide Poisoning | Medical Science Optional Notes for UPSC PDF Download
Paracetamol Poisoning
Question for Paracetamol Poisoning, Cyanide PoisoningTry yourself: Which of the following is a symptom of paracetamol poisoning?View Solution
Paracetamol Poisoning-Repeats
Q. Discuss acute Paracetamol poisoning emphasizing on mechanism of toxicity and its treatment. (2017)
Cyanide Poisoning
Cyanide Poisoning-Diagnosis
Lee Jones gastric aspirate test involves introducing a few small ferrous sulfate crystals to 5 ml of gastric aspirate, followed by the addition of 4-5 drops of a 20% NaOH solution to induce iron precipitation. The resulting mixture is boiled, cooled, and then acidified with a few drops of 10% HCl. The presence of a greenish-blue precipitate (ferricyanide), which intensifies over time, serves as an indicator of cyanide presence. It's worth noting that a comparable color change may also occur in the presence of salicylate.
Cyanide Poisoning-Antidotes
Cyanide Poisoning-Postmortem Changes
The spleen is considered the optimal specimen for cyanide analysis due to its elevated poison concentration, attributed to the abundance of red blood cells.
Scorpion Sting Management
Managing a scorpion sting involves identifying the responsible scorpion, which guides the treatment approach. The main principles include aggressive supportive care, the use of antivenom, and keeping the patient calm. Applying pressure dressings and cold packs to the sting site are measures aimed at reducing venom absorption. Additionally, antihistamines and analgesics may be administered for symptom relief.
Common Scorpion Species in India:
- Leiurus quinquestriatus
- Mesobuthus tamulus
- Tityus serrulatus
Question for Paracetamol Poisoning, Cyanide PoisoningTry yourself: Which test can be used to detect cyanide poisoning in a patient?View Solution
These scorpions can induce hypertensive crises due to the massive release of endogenous catecholamines, resulting in various complications such as:
- Hypertension
- Arrhythmias
- Pulmonary edema
- Myocardial damage
Treatment options for scorpion envenomation include the administration of drugs such as Prazosin, Nifedipine, Nitroprusside, and Hydralazine.
Cyanide Poisoning-Repeats
Q. Discuss the clinical features, management and post-mortem findings in a case of cyanide poisoning. (2017)
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FAQs on Paracetamol Poisoning, Cyanide Poisoning - Medical Science Optional Notes for UPSC
| 1. What are the symptoms of paracetamol poisoning? |  |
Ans. Symptoms of paracetamol poisoning include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, jaundice, and confusion. In severe cases, it can lead to liver damage and even liver failure.
| 2. How does paracetamol poisoning occur? | |
Ans. Paracetamol poisoning usually occurs when someone takes an overdose of the medication. It can also occur when someone takes multiple medications containing paracetamol without realizing the total dose exceeds the recommended limit. In some cases, intentional self-harm or suicide attempts involve consuming excessive amounts of paracetamol.
| 3. What are the immediate steps to take in case of paracetamol poisoning? | |
Ans. If someone is suspected of paracetamol poisoning, it is important to seek immediate medical help. In the meantime, it is advised to avoid further ingestion of paracetamol, induce vomiting if directed by medical professionals, and provide activated charcoal if available. However, these steps should only be taken under the guidance of healthcare professionals.
| 4. Can paracetamol poisoning be fatal? | |
Ans. Yes, paracetamol poisoning can be fatal, especially if not treated promptly. The liver damage caused by an overdose can lead to liver failure, which can be life-threatening. It is crucial to seek medical attention as soon as possible if paracetamol poisoning is suspected.
| 5. Is there a specific antidote for paracetamol poisoning? | |
Ans. Yes, there is a specific antidote called N-acetylcysteine (NAC) for paracetamol poisoning. NAC helps to prevent or reduce liver damage by replenishing the body's natural antioxidant, glutathione. It is most effective when administered within 8-10 hours of the overdose but can still be beneficial up to 36 hours after ingestion.
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Nov 24, 2024 Last updated |
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