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Immunological Tolerance, Autoimmunity | Medical Science Optional Notes for UPSC PDF Download

Immunological Tolerance

Immunological Tolerance, Autoimmunity | Medical Science Optional Notes for UPSC

Immunological tolerance refers to a condition in which an individual is unable to mount an immune response against their own tissue antigens.

It is mediated by two broad mechanisms

Immunological Tolerance, Autoimmunity | Medical Science Optional Notes for UPSC

Question for Immunological Tolerance, Autoimmunity
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What are the two broad mechanisms that mediate immunological tolerance?
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Mechanisms of Autoimmunity

Autoimmunity is a state in which the body's immune system, specifically T-cells or antibodies, targets and acts against its own antigens, leading to structural or functional damage.

Immunological Tolerance, Autoimmunity | Medical Science Optional Notes for UPSC

Immunological Tolerance, Autoimmunity | Medical Science Optional Notes for UPSC

Question for Immunological Tolerance, Autoimmunity
Try yourself:
What are the mechanisms involved in autoimmunity?
View Solution

The document Immunological Tolerance, Autoimmunity | Medical Science Optional Notes for UPSC is a part of the UPSC Course Medical Science Optional Notes for UPSC.
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FAQs on Immunological Tolerance, Autoimmunity - Medical Science Optional Notes for UPSC

1. What is immunological tolerance?
Ans. Immunological tolerance is a state of unresponsiveness or non-reactivity of the immune system towards its own cells and tissues. It is a crucial mechanism that prevents the immune system from attacking and damaging the body's own cells, which could lead to autoimmune diseases.
2. What are the mechanisms of immunological tolerance?
Ans. There are several mechanisms involved in immunological tolerance. Central tolerance occurs in the thymus and bone marrow, where developing immune cells are exposed to self-antigens and eliminated if they react strongly against them. Peripheral tolerance involves regulatory T cells that suppress the activation of self-reactive immune cells. Additionally, anergy, deletion, and immune privilege are other mechanisms that contribute to immunological tolerance.
3. What is autoimmunity?
Ans. Autoimmunity is a condition where the immune system mistakenly recognizes and attacks the body's own cells and tissues as if they were foreign invaders. This immune response can lead to inflammation and tissue damage, resulting in various autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and lupus.
4. How does breakdown of immunological tolerance lead to autoimmunity?
Ans. The breakdown of immunological tolerance can occur due to various factors such as genetic predisposition, environmental triggers, and dysregulation of the immune system. When the mechanisms of tolerance fail, self-reactive immune cells are not properly controlled, leading to their activation and attack on the body's own tissues. This immune response causes inflammation and tissue damage, leading to the development of autoimmune diseases.
5. What are some factors that contribute to the development of autoimmunity?
Ans. The development of autoimmunity is influenced by a combination of genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors. Genetic predisposition plays a role, as certain genes can increase the risk of developing autoimmune diseases. Environmental triggers such as infections, certain drugs, and exposure to toxins can also initiate or worsen autoimmune reactions. Hormonal imbalances, particularly in women, have been linked to increased susceptibility to autoimmune diseases.
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