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Introduction to Jainism
Jainism is an ancient religious philosophy centered on the principles of nonviolence and spiritual purity. Originating in the 6th century B.C., it gained prominence through Lord Mahavira, the 24th Tirthankara. The religion emphasizes liberation and enlightenment through adherence to principles such as Ahimsa, Satya, Asteya, Aparigraha, and Brahmacharya.
Chronology of Jainism
Tenets of Jainism
Anekantavada and Syadvada
Sects/Schools of Jainism
Spread of Jainism
Jain Literature
Jain Architecture
Jain Council
Differences from Buddhism
Relevance in Today’s World
Jainism's principles hold relevance today, advocating intellectual tolerance, non-violence, and minimalism in possessions. Concepts like Ahimsa can contribute to countering violence and terrorism, while Aparigraha can address consumerism and environmental concerns.
Conclusion
Jainism, with its ancient roots and timeless principles, offers a philosophy of peaceful coexistence and spiritual enlightenment. Its teachings continue to inspire ethical living, societal harmony, and environmental responsibility in the contemporary world.
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FAQs on Cheat Sheet: Jainism - History for UPSC CSE
| 1. What are the main beliefs of Jainism? |  |
Ans. Jainism is an ancient Indian religion that emphasizes non-violence, truth (Satya), non-stealing (Aparigraha), non-attachment (Aparigraha), and non-possession (Aparigraha). Jains believe in the concept of karma, reincarnation, and the liberation of the soul from the cycle of birth and death.
| 2. Who is the founder of Jainism? | |
Ans. Jainism is believed to have been founded by Lord Mahavira, who was born in 599 BCE in present-day Bihar, India. However, Jainism predates Mahavira, and he is considered the 24th and last Tirthankara (spiritual teacher) of this era.
| 3. How is Jainism different from other religions? | |
Ans. Jainism differs from other religions in its emphasis on non-violence and the principle of ahimsa. While other religions may also promote non-violence, Jainism takes it to an extreme level by advocating for the protection of all living beings, including insects and microorganisms. Jainism also has a strong emphasis on self-discipline, asceticism, and renunciation of worldly attachments.
| 4. How do Jains practice non-violence in their daily lives? | |
Ans. Jains practice non-violence in various ways in their daily lives. They follow a strict vegetarian diet, avoiding harm to animals. Jains also practice carefulness while walking, using brooms to sweep away insects, and wearing masks to prevent accidentally inhaling small organisms. Some Jains may even go to the extent of wearing a cloth over their mouth and nose to avoid inadvertently harming any living being.
| 5. What is the significance of the concept of karma in Jainism? | |
Ans. In Jainism, karma is believed to be a subtle matter that accumulates on the soul based on one's thoughts, words, and actions. It determines the conditions of one's present and future lives. The ultimate goal of a Jain is to liberate the soul from the cycle of birth and death by shedding all accumulated karma through self-discipline, spiritual practices, and the pursuit of enlightenment.
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