Shankar IAS MCQs Climate Change Organizations - Famous Books for UPSC Exam

Q1: Statement 1: The Bali Road Map was endorsed during the Bali Meet in December 2007.
Statement 2: The main component of the Bali Road Map was the Bali Action Plan (BAP).
(a) Both statements are true.
(b) Only Statement 1 is true.
(c) Only Statement 2 is true.
(d) Both statements are false.
Ans: (a)

Both statements are correct. The Bali Road Map was endorsed at COP-13 (Bali, December 2007) and the Bali Action Plan (BAP) was a central element of that Road Map, launching a negotiating process for post-2012 climate action.

Q2: Assertion (A): The Paris Agreement became effective in 2016.
Reasoning (R): The first meeting of the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement (CMA 1) was held in Marrakech, Morocco, in 2016.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Ans: (a)

The Paris Agreement entered into force in 2016. The first meeting of the Parties to the Agreement (CMA 1) took place in Marrakech in 2016, marking the operational commencement of the Agreement and providing the forum to begin implementation and guidance.

Q3: Assertion (A): The Paris Agreement became effective on November 4, 2016.
Reasoning (R): This was after it had been ratified by 111 countries representing over three-fourths of global emissions.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Ans: (a)

The Paris Agreement did become effective on 4 November 2016. That effective date followed ratification by a sufficient number of Parties representing the required share of global greenhouse gas emissions, which fulfilled the Agreement's entry-into-force criteria.

Q4: Arrange the following events in chronological order:
1. Adoption of the Kyoto Protocol
2. Launch of the Green Climate Fund
3. Bali Action Plan
4. Paris Agreement effective date
(a) 1, 3, 2, 4
(b) 3, 1, 4, 2
(c) 2, 1, 3, 4
(d) 1, 2, 3, 4
Ans: (a)

The correct chronological order given here is: Adoption of the Kyoto Protocol, Bali Action Plan, Launch of the Green Climate Fund, and then the effective date of the Paris Agreement.

Q5: The Green Climate Fund was established during COP 15 in Copenhagen.
(a) True
(b) False
Ans: (b)

The statement is marked false in this set. The Green Climate Fund (GCF) was decided as part of international climate finance arrangements and its operationalisation involved subsequent COP decisions and meetings.

Q6: Which city hosted the headquarters of the Green Climate Fund (GCF)?
(a) Bonn, Germany
(b) Songdo, Republic of South Korea
(c) Copenhagen, Denmark
(d) Geneva, Switzerland
Ans: (b)

The host city for the headquarters of the Green Climate Fund is given here as Songdo, Republic of South Korea.

Q7: Statement 1: The Paris Agreement mandates all Parties to present their best efforts through Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).
Statement 2: The first global stocktake under the Paris Agreement is scheduled for 2025.
(a) Both statements are true.
(b) Only Statement 1 is true.
(c) Only Statement 2 is true.
(d) Both statements are false.
Ans: (b)

Statement 1 is true: the Agreement requires Parties to put forward and communicate NDCs. Statement 2 is marked false in this set: the first global stocktake under the Paris Agreement is scheduled earlier (this set records it as 2023).

Q8: Assertion (a): The COP 27 outcomes include the approval of a "Loss and Damage" fund.
Reasoning (R): This fund is intended to assist nations vulnerable to climate-related losses.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Ans: (a)

COP 27 is recorded here as having approved the creation of a "Loss and Damage" fund, intended to provide financial assistance to nations that are particularly vulnerable to climate-related losses and damages.

Q9: The Kyoto Protocol's second commitment period began on January 1st, 2015.
(a) True
(b) False
Ans: (b)

This item is marked false. The second commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol is recorded here as having begun on 1 January 2013.

Q10: The main goal of COP 25, held in Madrid, Spain, was to:
(a) Establish the Green Climate Fund
(b) Finalize the rulebook for the 2015 Paris Agreement
(c) Launch the Kyoto Protocol's second commitment period
(d) Agree on a global carbon trading system
Ans: (b)

The primary goal attributed to COP 25 in this set was to finalise the rulebook for implementing the 2015 Paris Agreement.

Q11: Statement 1: The Adaptation Fund was established under the Kyoto Protocol.
Statement 2: The World Bank serves as the interim trustee of the Adaptation Fund.
(a) Both statements are true.
(b) Only Statement 1 is true.
(c) Only Statement 2 is true.
(d) Both statements are false.
Ans: (a)

Both statements are recorded as true here: the Adaptation Fund was established under the Kyoto Protocol framework, and the World Bank has served as its interim trustee during the Fund's initial operational phase.

Q12: Assertion (A): The Bali Road Map included the Bali Action Plan and the launch of the Adaptation Fund.
Reasoning (R): These initiatives were established to guide the post-2012 global climate action.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Ans: (a)

This set records both the assertion and reasoning as true, describing the Bali Road Map (2007) as including the Bali Action Plan and the launch of mechanisms aimed at guiding global climate action in the post-2012 period.

Q13: Assertion (A): The main objective of the Kyoto Protocol is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Reasoning (R): The Kyoto Protocol establishes binding targets for developed countries only.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Ans: (a)

Both statements are recorded as true here: the Kyoto Protocol aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and does so by setting binding emission-reduction commitments for developed countries.

Q14: Arrange the following in the order they were established:
1. Green Climate Fund
2. REDD+
3. Kyoto Protocol
4. Paris Agreement
(a) 3, 2, 1, 4
(b) 3, 1, 2, 4
(c) 2, 3, 4, 1
(d) 1, 3, 2, 4
Ans: (a) 3, 2, 1, 4

The chronological order given here is: Kyoto Protocol, REDD+, Green Climate Fund, and finally the Paris Agreement.

Q15: The COP 25 summit in Madrid resulted in a successful agreement on rules for a global carbon trading system.
(a) True
(b) False
Ans: (b)

The statement is marked false: according to this set, COP 25 did not reach a successful agreement on establishing rules for a global carbon trading system.

Q16: Which COP summit was the first to be presided over by a small-island state?
(a) COP 21 Paris
(b) COP 23 Bonn
(c) COP 25 Madrid
(d) COP 22 Marrakech
Ans: (b)

COP 23, held in Bonn, was presided over by Fiji, making it the first COP meeting led by a small-island developing state, with the presidency hosted administratively in Bonn.

Q17: Statement 1: COP 26 in Glasgow emphasized the phasedown of coal.
Statement 2: COP 26 resulted in legally binding commitments to phase out coal.
(a) Both statements are true.
(b) Only Statement 1 is true.
(c) Only Statement 2 is true.
(d) Both statements are false.
Ans: (b)

The set records Statement 1 as true (COP 26 emphasised phasedown of coal) and Statement 2 as false (it did not produce legally binding commitments to phase out coal).

Q18: Assertion (A): The main goal of COP 26 was to complete the rulebook for the Paris Agreement.
Reasoning (R): The rulebook was necessary to operationalize the Paris Agreement fully.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Ans: (b)

This set records both statements as true but indicates that the reason given is not the correct or sole explanation of the main goal attributed to COP 26 here; the summit focused on reviewing and enhancing climate commitments.

Q19: The Paris Agreement became effective immediately after the COP 21 summit in Paris.
(a) True
(b) False
Ans: (b)

The Paris Agreement did not become effective immediately after COP 21; it became effective on 4 November 2016, after sufficient ratifications were achieved.

Q20: The Climate Technology Center and Network (CTCN) is the implementing arm of which mechanism established under the UNFCCC?
(a) Adaptation Fund
(b) Green Climate Fund
(c) Technology Mechanism
(d) REDD+
Ans: (c)

The CTCN serves as the implementing arm of the Technology Mechanism established under the UNFCCC to support developing countries in technology development and transfer for climate action.