Emerging and critical tech for India | Gist of Rajya Sabha TV / RSTV (now Sansad TV) - UPSC PDF Download

Introduction

India stands at a pivotal moment in its technological evolution, with a burgeoning population and a rapidly expanding economy. Embracing cutting-edge and crucial technologies is imperative for tackling national challenges, encouraging innovation, and securing a competitive edge on the global stage. The Indian government's establishment of three AI centers of excellence in premier educational institutions and its 70% budget increase for the Ayushman Bharat National Digital Health Mission underscore its commitment to technological advancement.

• The National Program on Artificial Intelligence, with its four pillars of Skilling, AI Ethics and Governance, Compute, and AI Research and Development, is another testament to India's dedication to embracing transformative technologies. As the chair of the Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence (GPAI), India is leading a 29-country initiative to drive global AI innovation.
• Gartner's forecast of a 10.7% growth in India's IT spending in 2024, reaching $124.6 billion, is indicative of the country's increasing focus on technology. Software and IT services are expected to experience the highest annual growth rates in 2024.

Overview of Emerging and Critical Tech for India

• Artificial Intelligence (AI): With a flourishing AI ecosystem, India is home to numerous startups, research institutions, and government initiatives such as the National AI Strategy. Recent developments include the launch of "AI for Good" initiatives focusing on healthcare, agriculture, and education, and increased investments in AI research and development.
• Internet of Things (IoT): The Indian IoT market is experiencing rapid growth, driven by increasing internet penetration and smartphone adoption. Government initiatives like "Digital India" and "Smart Cities Mission" are promoting IoT adoption across various sectors.
• Blockchain: India is actively exploring the potential of blockchain technology in sectors like land record management, supply chain tracking, and financial transactions. Regulatory frameworks are being established to address concerns around security and scalability.
• Quantum Computing: India is making significant strides in quantum computing research, with the setting up of national quantum computing laboratories and research centers. Collaborations with international partners are advancing quantum technology development.
• Robotics and Automation: India's robotics industry is growing steadily, particularly in industrial automation and service sectors. Increased adoption of robots in manufacturing, logistics, and healthcare sectors is being witnessed.
• Cybersecurity: As India becomes more digitally connected, it faces increasing cyber threats. The implementation of the National Cyber Security Strategy and the establishment of CERT-In are steps towards bolstering India's cybersecurity posture.
• 5G Technology: India is preparing for the rollout of 5G technology, which promises faster speeds, lower latency, and greater connectivity. Spectrum auctions and trials conducted by telecom operators are laying the groundwork for the deployment of 5G networks.
• Data Analytics and Predictive Modeling: India's vast data resources are being harnessed for decision-making and optimization. Advanced data analytics tools and techniques are being adopted across sectors, and predictive modeling algorithms are being integrated into various domains to forecast trends and outcomes.

Challenges and Considerations

• Developing robust infrastructure: It is essential to construct a resilient digital infrastructure, which includes dependable internet connectivity and data centers, to facilitate widespread adoption of these technologies.
• Addressing skill gaps: Closing the skills gap through adequate training and educational programs is crucial to prepare the workforce for the demands of these emerging technologies.
• Ensuring ethical considerations: Addressing concerns regarding data privacy, security, and potential job displacement due to automation is imperative for the responsible development and adoption of these technologies.
• Talent Acquisition and Skill Development: Fostering a skilled workforce equipped with the knowledge and expertise required to develop, deploy, and maintain emerging technologies. Investing in educational programs, vocational training, and reskilling initiatives to prepare the workforce for future jobs.
• Regulatory Framework: Establishing robust regulatory frameworks to govern the ethical use of emerging technologies and safeguard consumer rights and privacy. Developing guidelines for data sharing, storage, and processing to ensure compliance with legal and ethical standards.
• Infrastructure Development: Investing in digital infrastructure, such as high-speed internet connectivity, data centers, and cloud computing resources, to support the adoption and scalability of emerging technologies. Bridging the digital divide by ensuring equitable access to technology and connectivity, especially in rural and underserved areas.

Way Forward

Investing in Research and Development:

• Increasing funding for research institutions and universities to conduct cutting-edge research in critical technology areas.
• Establishing dedicated research grants and fellowships to attract and retain top talent in these fields.
• Promoting public-private partnerships to leverage expertise and resources for collaborative research and development efforts.

Building Infrastructure and Connectivity:

• Investing in expanding reliable and affordable internet connectivity across the country, including rural and remote areas.
• Developing robust data centers and cloud infrastructure to support the growing demands of emerging technologies.
• Implementing initiatives like "Digital India" and "BharatNet" to bridge the digital divide and ensure inclusive access to technology.

Skilling and Workforce Development:

• Introducing targeted skill development programs to equip the workforce with the necessary skills and knowledge to operate and manage emerging technologies.
• Collaborating with educational institutions and industry leaders to develop relevant curriculum and training programs.
• Promoting STEM education at all levels to foster a culture of innovation and technological aptitude among younger generations.

Regulatory Frameworks and Policy Support:

• Developing clear and comprehensive regulatory frameworks that address concerns regarding data privacy, security, and ethical considerations in using these technologies.
• Providing tax incentives and other financial benefits to encourage private sector investment in research, development, and deployment of critical technologies.
• Streamlining bureaucratic processes and creating a conducive environment for innovation and entrepreneurship.

Fostering Collaboration and Innovation:

• Encouraging collaboration between government, academia, and industry through initiatives like hackathons, innovation challenges, and technology clusters.
• Promoting open-source initiatives and knowledge sharing to accelerate innovation and development in critical technology areas.
• Supporting the growth of the startup ecosystem by providing incubation facilities, funding opportunities, and mentorship programs for young entrepreneurs.

Recent Government Initiatives

• National AI Strategy: Launched in 2020, this initiative aims to position India as a global leader in AI research and development.
• Digital India Mission: This flagship program focuses on enhancing digital infrastructure, promoting digital literacy, and delivering government services electronically.
• Skill India Mission: This initiative aims to equip the Indian workforce with future-ready skills, including those pertinent to emerging technologies.

Conclusion

Embracing emerging and critical technologies offers India a unique opportunity to advance significantly in its development journey. By fostering innovation, addressing challenges, and ensuring responsible implementation, India can harness the potential of these technologies to create a more inclusive, sustainable, and prosperous future.