Satellite Data Products | Geology Optional Notes for UPSC PDF Download

Remote Sensing Data Products

• The National Data Center (NDC) of the National Remote Sensing Center (NRSC) of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) in Hyderabad provides remote sensing data products to users in our country.
• Remote sensing image data is typically stored in digital form on various media such as magnetic tapes, compact disks (CDs/DVDs), and others, represented by digital numbers and specific index numbers.
• The data products vary based on processing level, output media/scale, and coverage area.
• When supplied as softcopy in digital form, remote sensing data products adhere to certain standards and are commonly available in formats like LGSOWG, Fast Format, GeoTIFF, and HDF.
• NRSC has devised a unique product code system that comprehensively describes the specifications of each product.
• The image data format is essentially the arrangement of pixels in a digital image stored in mediums like CDs/DVDs, categorized into three types: Band Interleaved by Pixel (BIP), Band Interleaved by Line (BIL), and Band Sequential (BSQ).
• Remote sensing data can be acquired through online orders or by submitting requests via post to the NRSC Data Centre.

Satellite Data Products Available in India

• Satellite data products in India are accessible in various formats, including:
• High Density Digital Tape (HDDT)
• Quick Look Film
• Computer Compatible Tape (CCT), Digital Audio Tape (DAT), Compact Disc (CD-ROM)
• 70 mm film
• 240 mm Black and White film positive/negative in individual bands
• Satellite Data Reception and Processing Facilities
  • Overview of Earth Stations
    • The Earth Station in Shadnagar, Hyderabad, tracks various satellite series like Landsat, METSAT, ERS, and IRS.
    • Data is primarily recorded on HDDT and Quick Look 70 mm format roll films.
  • Standard Products
    • Products such as Black and White paper prints, enlargements, 240 mm False Colour Composite (FCC) Film, and FCC paper prints are generated from HDDTs and supplied to users.
  • NRSA Image Processing Laboratory
    • Located at NRSA, Balanagar, Hyderabad, it acts as the primary data repository in India, providing data upon user request.
    • Products leaving NDC are thoroughly checked for quality in terms of computer processing, photographic reproduction, cloud cover, and other defects.
  • Browse Facility
    • Provides users with tools for selecting data, including computerized data listings, satellite coverage maps, microfilm films, and satellite orbital calendars.
    • All user data product requirements and inquiries can be directed to the Head of NRSA Data Centre in Hyderabad.
• Satellite Data Receiving Station
  • NRSA's Authorized Role
    • NRSA was authorized by the Government of India to establish a Satellite Receiving Station for receiving digital data from the LANDSAT series of Satellites launched by NASA/USA.
  • Functionality of the LANDSAT Receiving Station
    • Located at Shadnagar, 55 km south of Hyderabad, the station has a coverage radius of nearly 2700 km.
    • It is capable of functions like acquiring, tracking, receiving, recording, monitoring, processing, and producing Landsat data.
    • The station was later expanded to receive data from the TIROS-N series of polar orbiting Meteorological satellites.
  • Reception of SPOT Satellite Data
    • An agreement was made between "SPOTIMAGE" Corporation of France and NRSA, India, for receiving SPOT Satellite data.
    • NRSA established SPOT data reception and processing facilities at Shadnagar, Hyderabad, to receive and process SPOT data from 1987 to 1990.
    • Additionally, NRSA was entrusted by the Department of Space, Government of India, for data reception, archival, and management.

Processing and Dissemination Functions from IRS Satellites

• The IRS Receiving Station located in Shadnagar, Hyderabad, is currently receiving data from the IRS-1B satellite on a regular basis.
• The primary function of the IRS satellites is to capture, process, and distribute satellite data for various applications.
• Satellite data received by the IRS Receiving Station undergoes processing to extract valuable information for further analysis.
• Examples of processed satellite data include weather patterns, land use monitoring, and disaster management.
• The processed data is disseminated to end-users such as government agencies, research institutions, and commercial organizations.
• This data dissemination plays a crucial role in decision-making processes across sectors like agriculture, urban planning, and environmental monitoring.

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