Notes: Sports and Entertainment | GK Olympiad for Class 3 PDF Download

Introduction

Games and sports make us healthy and fit for work. Games and sports are very necessary for our life. They make us fit, active, fresh and social. They teach us a lesson of cooperation and discipline. They teach us brotherhood and national unity. Games and sports play an important role in the development of the body as well as the mind. A healthy mind dwells in a healthy body. Games keep the body fit and active.

Fitness

Physical fitness is the capacity of the heart, blood vessels, lungs, and muscles to function at optimum efficiency.

Importance of Physical Fitness

• Maintains overall health
• Boosts energy
• Reduces body weight
• Strong body
• Improves mental strength
• Development of personality

Olympic Games

Ancient Olympic Games:

• The origin of Olympic Games belongs to Greece. 
• Ancient Olympic Games began in ancient times and lasted for many years as a festival in Greece.
• Historical records indicate that the first documented games took place in 776 B.C..
• These games were hosted in the state of Athens at a location called Olympia.
• The games were celebrated with religious ceremonies to honor their god, Zeus.
• Events in the Olympics lasted for five days, following a specific schedule.
• On the first day, a priest conducted rituals to open the games and lit the sacred torch.
• On the second day, animal games known as Amphibians were held.
• The third day featured events such as Diaulos (foot races), Dolichos (chariot races and horseback events), and Pentathlon (a mix of races, throwing, and jumping).
• On the fourth day, Puglis (boxing, wrestling, sword fighting, and other contact sports) took place.
• On the last day, during the closing ceremony, prizes were awarded to the champions.
• The Ancient Olympic Games ended abruptly when Roman Emperor Theodosius prohibited them in 394 A.D..

Modern Olympic Games

• The revival of the Modern Olympic Games was initiated by Baron Pierre de Coubertin, nearly 1500 years after the last Ancient Olympic Games.
• On November 25, 1892, during the Conference of Physical Education, Coubertin first announced the idea of the 'Restoration of the Olympic Games'.
• The inaugural Modern Olympic Games took place in Athens in 1896.
• Since then, these games have been held every four years.
• The responsibility of hosting the Modern Olympic Games is given to the city rather than the entire country or region.

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Types of Games

• Indoor Games: Indoor games mean games that we can play in the rooms and halls. For example, cards, carrom, ludo, chess, etc. are some  common indoor games. The indoor games help us to practice mental skills and brain development.
• Outdoor Games: Outdoor games mean games that we play in the open place and playgrounds. For example, hockey, cricket, tennis, kho-kho, etc. The outdoor games help us to develop physical health along with mental coordination.
• Some traditional outdoor games are kabaddi, marbles, gilli danda, pittoo, hopscotch, tug of war, etc., and indoor games are hide and seek, pallankuzhi, gutte, spinning top, antakshari, etc.

Importance of Sports and Games

• Games and Sports are important for life. 
• They are one of the best ways to do exercise. 
• They not only freshen the mind but improve digestion also.
• They keep children active and fresh. 
• They also teach students the value of discipline.
• They are an important means of recreation.
• They enable the students to regain their lost energy.
• They also help in developing leadership quality.

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Sports Terms

There are some terms which are specific to particular sports. Some of the specific sports terms are:

Sports Personalities

• Sachin Tendulkar: He is the only cricketer to achieve a total of one hundred centuries in his career. Additionally, he is the only athlete to receive the Bharat Ratna award. He is often called The God of Cricket. 
• Virat Kohli: He holds the record for scoring the most runs in both T20 international matches and in the Indian Premier League (IPL). 
• Dipa Karmakar: She made history as the first Indian woman gymnast to earn a bronze medal at the Commonwealth Games in her sport. Dipa is also one of only five women who have successfully performed the challenging Vault of Death. 
• M. C. Mary Kom: She is the only female boxer to have secured a medal at every one of the seven world championships. 
• Rohit Sharma: He holds the record for scoring the most centuries in a single World Cup tournament. 
• Milkha Singh: He is famously known as The Flying Sikh of India. 
• Saina Nehwal: She was the first Indian to win an Olympic medal in badminton. 
• Abhinav Bindra: At the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, he became the first Indian to win a gold medal in shooting at the Olympics. 
• P.V. Sindhu: She has claimed medals in multiple badminton events, including a gold medal at the 2019 World Championships. 
• Pullela Gopichand: He is a badminton player who has represented India in three Thomas Cup tournaments.

Different Sports Field

Important Tournaments

Cricket

National:

• Indian Premier League (IPL)
• Irani Trophy
• Ranji Trophy
• Vijay Merchant Trophy
• Rani Jhansi Trophy
• Indira Priyadarshini Trophy
• Vijay Hazare Trophy

International:

• Ashes Cup
• ICC Trophy
• Champions Trophy
• Sharjah Cup
• Benson and Hedges Cup
• Hero Cup
• Reliance Cup
• Pepsi Cup
• World Legends Cup
• World Cup Twenty-20
• Coca Cola Trophy

Football

National:

• Women Federation Cup
• Durand Cup
• Begum Hazrat Mahal Cup
• Santosh Trophy
• Rajiv Gandhi Gold Cup
• Subroto Cup

International:

• FIFA Cup
• UEFA Cup
• Asia Cup
• International Nehru Cup
• Pacific Cup
• Euro Cup
• Colombo Cup

Hockey

• Indira Gold Cup
• Beighton Cup
• Dhyanchand Trophy
• Azlan Shah Cup
• Aga Khan Cup
• Scindia Gold Cup
• Bombay Gold Cup
• Modi Gold Cup
• Prime Minister Gold Cup
• Samaranch Hockey Cup
• M.C.C. Cup
• K.D. Singh Babu Memorial Trophy
• Junior Nehru Hockey Trophy
• Rangaswami Cup (Women)
• Federation Cup (Women)
• Lady Ratan Tata Cup (Women)

International:

• World Hockey Cup (Men and Women)
• Junior World Cup Hockey
• Olympic Games
• Champions Cup
• Asian Champions Trophy
• European Championship
• Asia Cup
• Hero Honda Cup
• Wellington Cup

Sports Facts

• India won the first ever T-20 World Cup held in 2007.
• Australia is the only country to have won the one Day International World Cup three times consecutively.
• It has won the world cup five times in the years- 1987, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2015, and 2023.
• India has won the ICC World Cup twice – in 1983 and 2011.
• India has won the Hockey World Cup (Men) only once.

Entertainment

Movies

• The Lion King - An animated film featuring the well-known song "Hakuna Matata"
• Bahubali
• Slumdog Millionaire
• Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara
• Padmavati
• Dangal - A film about the sport of wrestling
• Chak De India - Focuses on the sport of hockey
• Lagaan - Related to cricket
• M. S. Dhoni: The Untold Story - Also about cricket
• English Vinglish
• Kesari
• Gully Boy
• Bhaag Milkha Bhaag - A story about athletics
• Uri: The Surgical Strike - Based on a true event
• Mother India
• Mr. India - A science fiction film
• 3 Idiots - Inspired by the novel "Three Point Someone" by Chetan Bhagat

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Television Shows

• Ramayana
• Mahabharata
• Vishnu Purana
• Kaun Banega Crorepati
• CID
• Tarak Mehta ka Ooltah Chashmah
• Dekh Bhai Dekh

Popular Cartoons

• Tom and Jerry
• Chhota Bheem
• Pokemon
• Doraemon
• Mickey Mouse
• Paap-O-Meter
• Honey Bunny Ka Jholmaal
• Dora, the Explorer
• Motu Patlu
• Peppa Pig