More Fractions | Year 3 Mathematics IGCSE (Cambridge) - Class 3 PDF Download

Introduction:

In this chapter, we will explore the concept of fractions, particularly fractions of shapes. Fractions help us understand parts of a whole. By the end of this chapter, you will be able to recognize fractions in different shapes, understand how to divide shapes into parts, and identify fractions in real-life situations.

1. What are Fractions?

• Definition of Fractions:

  A fraction represents a part of a whole. It is written as a numerator (top number) and a denominator (bottom number). The numerator tells us how many parts we have, and the denominator tells us how many parts the whole is divided into.

• Numerator and Denominator:

  In the fraction 3/4:

  • 3 is the numerator, representing the number of parts we have.
  • 4 is the denominator, representing the total number of parts the whole is divided into.
• Examples of Fractions:

  Fractions can be represented as parts of different shapes. For example, if we divide a square into 4 equal parts and shade 3 of them, we have the fraction 3/4.

2. Fractions of Shapes

• Dividing Shapes into Equal Parts:

  To understand fractions, we need to divide shapes into equal parts. These parts represent fractions of the whole shape. A shape can be divided into halves, thirds, quarters, and so on. Each part is a fraction of the entire shape.

• Examples of Fractions in Shapes:

  Let's consider some examples of dividing shapes into equal parts:

  • Halves: A shape divided into 2 equal parts. Each part is 1/2.
  • Thirds: A shape divided into 3 equal parts. Each part is 1/3.
  • Quarters: A shape divided into 4 equal parts. Each part is 1/4.

3. Visualizing Fractions

• Consider a circle divided into 4 equal parts (quarters). If we shade 1 part of the circle, we have shaded 1/4 of the circle.

• Fraction of a Rectangle:

  Similarly, a rectangle can be divided into equal parts. For example, a rectangle divided into 3 equal parts gives us 1/3 of the rectangle for each part.

• Fraction of a Square:

  A square can be divided into halves, thirds, or quarters, and we can represent these fractions visually by shading or counting the parts.

4. Identifying Fractions in Real-Life Objects

• Using Food to Understand Fractions:

  Food items like pizzas and cakes are great examples to explain fractions. If a pizza is cut into 8 equal slices, and you eat 3 slices, you’ve eaten 

• Real-Life Examples of Fractions:

  Other examples include:

  • A chocolate bar broken into equal parts. If you eat half of the bar, you’ve eaten 1/2 of it.
  • A group of 5 friends where 2 are wearing hats. The fraction of friends with hats is 2/5.

5. Working with Fractions

• Shading Parts of a Shape:

  One way to show fractions is by shading parts of a shape. For example, if we shade 3 out of 4 equal parts of a square, we show 3/4 of the square.

• Matching Fractions to Shapes:

  We can match fractions to shapes by dividing them into equal parts and shading the appropriate number of parts. For example, a shape divided into 5 parts and 2 parts shaded represents 2/5.

• Fraction Equivalence:

  Some fractions can represent the same amount. For example, 2/4 is the same as 1/2. This is called fraction equivalence.

6. Practice Questions:

• Shade 1/2 of the following shapes.
• What fraction of the circle is shaded if 3 out of 6 parts are shaded?
• Divide the square into 4 equal parts and shade 3 of them. What fraction of the square is shaded?
• If you have a pizza with 8 slices and you eat 4 slices, what fraction of the pizza did you eat?
• Draw a rectangle divided into 3 parts. Shade 1 part. What fraction is shaded?