Mock Test Paper - 2 (Geography Optional Paper- II): Questions | Geography Optional for UPSC PDF Download

Time Allowed: Three Hours
Maximum Marks: 250

Instructions

• There are EIGHT questions divided into two Sections (A and B), printed in ENGLISH.
• Candidates must attempt FIVE questions in total.
• Question Nos. 1 and 5 are compulsory. Out of the remaining, choose THREE questions, ensuring at least ONE from each Section.
• Marks for each question/part are indicated against it.
• Answers must be written in ENGLISH, as authorized in the Admission Certificate, and clearly stated on the Question-cum-Answer (QCA) Booklet cover.
• Adhere to the word limit specified for each question.
• Illustrate answers with sketches/maps/diagrams where necessary, drawn in the space provided.
• Attempts are counted sequentially. Partially attempted questions are valid unless struck off. Blank pages/portions must be clearly struck off.

Section A

Q1. 
(a) On the outline map of India provided, mark the location of the following. Write in your QCA Booklet the significance of these locations (physical/commercial/economic/ecological/environmental/cultural) in not more than 30 words each: (2 × 10 = 20)
(i) Siachen Glacier
(ii) Kudankulam
(iii) Great Nicobar Island
(iv) Mundra Port
(v) Ellora Caves
(vi) Kaziranga National Park
(vii) Atal Tunnel
(viii) Kutch Salt Pans
(ix) Talcher
(x) Krishna River

(b) Describe the geological characteristics and economic importance of the Deccan Traps in India. Suggest a diagram. (10 marks)
(c) Examine the role of ISRO’s INSAT satellites in agricultural monitoring and rural development in India. (10 marks)
(d) (PYQ) Discuss the impact of the National Green Tribunal Act, 2010 on forest conservation in India. (10 marks)

Q2.
(a) Analyze the environmental and socio-economic challenges posed by urban sprawl in India’s Tier-1 cities and suggest mitigation measures. Include a case study of Bengaluru (2024). (20 marks)
(b) Why are mangroves considered critical for coastal ecosystems? Discuss their conservation challenges and opportunities in India with reference to Sundarbans. Suggest a diagram. (15 marks)
(c) (PYQ) Examine the geostrategic significance of Indian islands. (15 marks)

Q3. 
(a) Evaluate the potential of India’s renewable energy sector in achieving energy security and reducing carbon emissions. Highlight the role of the PM Suryodaya Yojana (2024). (20 marks)
(b) Discuss the causes and consequences of desertification in India with special reference to Rajasthan. Suggest sustainable management strategies. (15 marks)
(c) Critically examine the impact of India’s Look East Policy on its trade and connectivity with ASEAN countries. (15 marks)

Q4. 
(a) With increasing digital penetration, how can India leverage its IT sector for economic growth and global competitiveness? Discuss with reference to India’s AI Mission (2024). (20 marks)
(b) Assess the challenges of groundwater depletion in the Indo-Gangetic Plain and suggest measures for sustainable water management. Suggest a diagram. (15 marks)
(c) (PYQ) Highlight the salient features of India's trade policy. Discuss the status of India's balance of trade with China. (15 marks)

Section B

Q5. Answer the following in about 150 words each: (10 × 5 = 50)
(a) Identify the major tea-producing regions in India and discuss the reasons for the decline of the tea industry.
(b) Explain the impact of urbanization on the hydrological cycle in India’s metropolitan cities.
(c) Discuss the ecological significance of the Western Ghats and the threats they face.
(d) Examine the role of cultural festivals in shaping India’s regional identity.
(e) Why is the development of critical infrastructure like ports crucial for India’s economic growth?

Q6. 
(a) Discuss the evolution of India’s industrial corridors and their role in regional development. Highlight the Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC). (20 marks)
(b) Evaluate the potential of rooftop solar energy in addressing India’s urban energy demands. Discuss challenges and opportunities. (15 marks)
(c) Examine the geopolitical implications of India’s maritime security strategy in the Indian Ocean Region. (15 marks)

Q7. 
(a) Analyze India’s efforts in achieving sustainable urban development through the Smart Cities Mission. Include a case study of Ahmedabad (2024). (20 marks)
(b) Discuss the significance of agroforestry in promoting sustainable agriculture in India. Suggest measures to scale it up. (15 marks)
(c) Critically examine the socio-economic impacts of the PM Ujjwala Yojana on rural India (2024). (15 marks)

Q8. 
(a) Why does India face regional disparities in economic development? Suggest measures to promote inclusive growth across states. (20 marks)
(b) Assess the tourism potential of India’s Himalayan region and the environmental challenges associated with it. Suggest a diagram. (15 marks)
(c) Discuss the regional variations in educational attainment in India and their implications for human development. (15 marks)