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FAQs on Mind Map: Weathering, Mass Movement and Ground Water - Geography for UPSC CSE
| 1. What are the main types of weathering processes and how do they differ? |  |
Ans. The main types of weathering processes are mechanical (physical) weathering, chemical weathering, and biological weathering. Mechanical weathering involves the physical breakdown of rocks without changing their chemical composition, such as freeze-thaw cycles and abrasion. Chemical weathering involves chemical reactions that alter the minerals within rocks, commonly seen in processes like hydrolysis, oxidation, and carbonation. Biological weathering involves the actions of living organisms, such as plant roots growing into rock fractures and breaking them apart. Each type plays a role in shaping landscapes and soil formation.
| 2. How does mass movement occur and what factors influence it? | |
Ans. Mass movement refers to the downward movement of soil and rock material due to gravity. It can occur in various forms, such as landslides, mudflows, and creep. Several factors influence mass movement, including the slope of the land, the type of material (soil, rock, etc.), moisture content, vegetation cover, and human activities like construction. Steeper slopes and saturated soils can increase the likelihood of mass movement by reducing stability and cohesion among particles.
| 3. What is the significance of groundwater in the hydrological cycle? | |
Ans. Groundwater plays a crucial role in the hydrological cycle by acting as a significant reservoir of fresh water. It contributes to surface water bodies through springs and seeps, supports plant growth, and is essential for drinking water supplies. Groundwater recharge occurs when precipitation infiltrates the soil and percolates down to aquifers. Its availability and quality are vital for ecosystems, agriculture, and human consumption, making it a critical resource in sustainable water management.
| 4. What are the impacts of weathering and mass movement on the environment? | |
Ans. Weathering and mass movement significantly impact the environment by shaping landforms, influencing soil formation, and contributing to sediment transport. Weathering breaks down rocks and minerals, which enriches the soil with nutrients essential for plant growth. Mass movement can lead to landscape changes, such as the formation of valleys and hillslopes, and can also result in hazards like landslides that threaten infrastructure and communities. Both processes are integral to geological and ecological dynamics.
| 5. How can human activities affect groundwater levels and quality? | |
Ans. Human activities can significantly affect groundwater levels and quality through practices such as excessive extraction (over-extraction), pollution from agricultural runoff, industrial discharges, and improper waste disposal. Over-extraction can lead to a decline in groundwater levels, causing wells to dry up and ecosystems to suffer. Pollution can contaminate aquifers, making water unsafe for consumption and harming aquatic life. Sustainable management practices are essential to protect groundwater resources from depletion and contamination.
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