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FAQs on Mind Map: The Oceans - Geography for UPSC CSE
| 1. What are the major oceans of the world and their significance? |  |
Ans. The major oceans of the world include the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Southern Ocean, and Arctic Ocean. These oceans cover more than 70% of the Earth's surface and play a crucial role in regulating climate, supporting biodiversity, and facilitating trade and transportation. The Pacific Ocean, being the largest, influences weather patterns significantly, while the Atlantic Ocean is vital for shipping routes. The Indian Ocean is known for its rich marine resources, and the Arctic Ocean is crucial for its unique ecosystems.
| 2. How do oceans influence global weather patterns? | |
Ans. Oceans significantly influence global weather patterns through the distribution of heat and moisture. The vast bodies of water absorb solar energy, which is then released into the atmosphere, affecting temperature and humidity levels. Ocean currents, such as the Gulf Stream, transport warm water from the equator to the poles, impacting climate in coastal regions. Additionally, phenomena like El Niño and La Niña, which involve changes in ocean temperatures, can lead to extreme weather events such as hurricanes and droughts.
| 3. What is the role of oceans in carbon sequestration? | |
Ans. Oceans play a vital role in carbon sequestration by absorbing approximately 30% of carbon dioxide (CO₂) emitted by human activities. Phytoplankton, the microscopic plants in the ocean, utilize CO₂ for photosynthesis, converting it into organic matter. The ocean's ability to store carbon helps mitigate climate change effects. However, increased CO₂ levels lead to ocean acidification, which can harm marine life and disrupt ecosystems, highlighting the delicate balance of this process.
| 4. What are the main threats to ocean ecosystems? | |
Ans. Ocean ecosystems face several significant threats, including pollution, overfishing, habitat destruction, and climate change. Plastic pollution affects marine life and can lead to the ingestion of harmful materials. Overfishing depletes fish populations and disrupts food chains. Habitat destruction, such as coral reef degradation, diminishes biodiversity. Climate change results in rising sea temperatures and acidification, further threatening marine organisms and their habitats.
| 5. How do human activities impact ocean health and biodiversity? | |
Ans. Human activities have a profound impact on ocean health and biodiversity. Industrial runoff and sewage discharge contribute to water pollution, leading to harmful algal blooms that can deplete oxygen levels in the water. Coastal development and urbanization destroy vital habitats like mangroves and wetlands. Additionally, climate change resulting from greenhouse gas emissions alters ocean temperatures and currents, affecting species distribution and survival. Protecting oceans requires sustainable practices to maintain their health and biodiversity.
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