Animal Husbandry in Odisha | Odisha State PSC (OPSC): Preparation - OPSC OCS (Odisha) PDF Download

Introduction

Animal husbandry alongwith the agricultural sector plays the pivotal role in the livelihood, income and employment generation in the rural areas of the state of Odisha. The dependency on livestock sector of majority of rural people is quite visible.

Livestock Sector in Odisha

• Livestock Sector in Odisha is highly livelihood oriented and intensive. As per Basic Animal Husbandry Statistics 2016, Odisha rank 11th among Indian States in egg production, 13th in meat production and 16th in terms of production of milk. Odisha contributes about 4.05 per cent of total livestock population in the country as per livestock Census 2012.
• The sector contributes 7.25% of the states Net Domestic Product. There are 541 Veterinary Hospitals/Dispensaries (VDs) and 3,839 Livestock Aid Centres (LACs) functioning under this department. These veterinary institutions are providing services to livestocks which is the major activity under this sector.
• There are two Livestock Vaccine Production Institutes (LVPI) under this department which are engaged in vaccine production.

Livestock Population

The state has a considerable population of livestock ranging from buffalo, goat, sheep, pig and poultry.

Buffalo

• Per-capita milk consumption in Odisha is 120 gms per day which is lower than the national average of 355 gms per day.
• As per Economic Survey 2017-18, the population of buffaloes in Odisha is 7.26 lakh in 2012. Some important breeds are Buffalo Germplasm Parlakimedi breed, Manda breed, Jirangi breed, Kalahandi breed, Kujang breed, Arni breed of Koraput and Chilika breed.
• Manda breed has the highest fat content in milk among the South Odishan breeds. Jirangi breed also has high percentage of fat in its milk.

Goat

• As per Economic Survey 2017-18, the population of goats in Odisha is 65.13 lakh in 2012.
• Some important breeds are Malkangiri breed, Raigarh breed, Ganjam breed, Narayanapatna breed, Koraput hill goat and Ganjam hill goat.

Sheep

• As per Economic Survey 2017-18, the population of sheep in Odisha is 15.81 lakh in 2012.
• Some important breeds are Kuzi breed, Ganjam sheep breed, Koraput sheep breed, Machkund strain breed, Dharamagarh breed and Kathargad-Dasmantpur strain breed.

Pig

• As per Economic Survey 2017-18, the population of pig in Odisha is 2.80 lakh in 2012. Some important breeds are Burudi breed of Koraput, Pondi o r Jhinga breed of Rayagada and Wild piglet of tribal village in Malkangiri.

Poultry/Duck Development

• The per-capita egg consumption in Odisha is 46 which is lower than the national average of 55. Poultry sector bears huge income, livelihood and self-employment generating potential both for rural and urban poor people including SC/ST communities in the state.
• Odisha launched its Poultry Development Policy in 2015-16. In order to boost backyard poultry in the state, assistance was provided to 7,500 BPL beneficiaries in selected 30 districts. 48 number of district poultry hatcheries were established under the financial assistance of SGSY (Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana) infrastructure fund.

Government Livestock/Poultry Farm

• Government Poultry Farm There are total 8 state poultry farms in Bhubaneswar, Sundargarh, Koraput and Bolangir and 2 duck breeding farms functioning in Cuttack under central assistance.
• Government Goat Farm Its objectives are the production and distribution of male goat suitable for the goat breeding, breed improvement and its expansion by Keonjhar or any other suitable breeds and training and exposure visit of ideal goat rearing, ideal housing and nutrition to animal farmer. Government goat farms are located at Bolangir, Deogarh, Keonjhar, Mayurbhanj and Sundargarh. 
• Government Cattle Breeding Farm It is located in Sunabeda in Koraput. It was established in order to achieve a long term goal of protection of biodiversity, progressive genetic improvement in cattle through various scientific methods. Its objective is the production and distribution of improved breeds of bulls and their utilisation in animal breeding programme.
• The farms also produce and supply fodder and root slips to local farmers and propagate fodder cultivation programme. Other government farms are located in Chipilima, Khapuria, Keonjhar, Remuna, Bhanjanagar, Boudh, Sundargarh and Kuarmunda.

State Initiatives for Livestock Development

• Promotion of Dairy Entrepreneurship (PDE) It is intended to promote dairy entrepreneurs through provision of capital subsidy. The objective is to promote modern dairy farms, upgrade traditional technology, handle milk marketing on commercial scale, generat self-employment and provide infrastructure mainly for unorganised dairy sector.
• Small Animal Development The objective of this scheme is to enhance meat production by improving existing Small Animal Resource of the state through several interventions like genetic upgradation.
• National Mission for Protein Supplementation This programme has been launched from 2011-12 in Odisha as a subsector under RKVY (Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana). It was launched to promote animal based protein production through livestock development.
• Integrated Livestock Development Programme (ILDP), Kalyani This programme has four components i.e. cattle development programme, goat development programme, fodder development programme and development of Chiplima fodder farm. In this programme doorstep livestock services are provided to the rural livestock keepers to breed the local cows by using superior dairy breeds.
• Odisha State Cooperative Milk Producers Federation Limited (OMFED) It is symbolic of white revolution or operation flood in Odisha through Dairy Cooperative Societies. It was established in 1985. It promotes, produces, procures, processes and markets milk and milk products for economic development of the rural farming community in the state for last 31 years. It also markets organic products, cattle feed along with milk products.
• Odisha State Poultry Producers Co-operative Marketing Federation Limited (OPOLFED) It was established in 1984 to popularise poultry products and develop a market for them. OPOLFED operates in a two-tier system i.e. Primary Poultry Co-operative Society (PPCS) and Women Poultry Co-operative Society (WPCS) in Khurda and Angul districts at grass root level and the federation at the apex level.
• Livestock Sector Policy Government of Odisha in Fisheries and Animal Resources Development (FARD) Department has formulated the Livestock Sector Policy during the year 2002-03. Its objective is to use the Livestock Sector as an instrument for social and economic development of the rural population of Odisha and enabling steady growth of the living standards. According to Economic Survey 2017-18, the total livestock population of Odisha was 207.33 lakh in the year 2012.
• Breeding Policy Breeding policy of livestock is proposed to improve the native cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, pig and poultry. Upgrading local cattle will be done with Gir, Red Sindhi, Tharparkar Kankrej, Ongole and in buffalo with Murrah and Surti breeds. As per Economic Survey 2017-18, there are 8 Exotic Cattle Breeding (ECB) farms in the state producing high pedigree bull calves to improve breeding and productivity of local animals through natural services/artificial insemination. 
• Artificial Insemination (AI) It is an important component of dairy development and is being rendered through a network of 2985 department AI centres in the state. Frozen Semen Bank (FSB) located at Cuttack is the only semen producing station in the state. It has been awarded with ISO 9001:2008 and Grade ‘A’ certificate for quality semen production by Government of India.
• Livestock Healthcare Services Adequate health care management of the livestock resources are being taken up through the network of veterinary hospital dispensaries and livestock aid centres. There are institutions like Animal Disease Research Institute (ADRI) at Phulnakhara (Cuttack) and one State Veterinary Laboratory (SVL) at Chipilima (Sambalpur) for livestock healthcare services.

Fisheries Development in Odisha

As per Economic Survey 2017-18, per-capita fish consumption per annum is 13.49 kg which is higher than the national average of 7-8 kg per annum.

• Odisha, being a coastal state, has considerable scope for development of inland, brackish water and marine fisheries. The state is endowed with a long coastline of 480 kms with continental shelf area of 24,000 sq km along the Bay of Bengal. Fish is a popular food item in Odisha.
• The sector plays elemental role in uplifting economy of the state and its people. The Odisha Fisheries Policy 2015 is working for improving the fishery sector in Odisha.
• Fisheries sector of Odisha is constituted from two components; i.e. Inland fisheries and Marine fisheries.

Inland Fisheries

• The inland fisheries in Odisha can be classified broadly into two categories i.e. fresh water fisheries and brackish water fisheries. Fish Farmers Development Agency (FFDA) is a centrally sponsored scheme and implemented in all the 30 districts of Odisha for promotion of pisciculture and providing technical and logistic support to fish farmers.
• The Central Institute of Fresh Water Aquaculture (CIFA) established in 1987 has implemented various development projects.

Brackish Water Fisheries

• Brackish Water Fisheries Development Agencies have been set up in seven coastal districts abundant in brackish water resources.
• Chilika lake is the main source of brackish water fisheries in Odisha. Brackish water is when salt and fresh water gets mixed.
• Chilika lake is spread over Puri, Khurda and Ganjam districts. It forms the largest lagoon and holds around 225 fish species. Tiger Prawns, Crabs, Herrings, Hilsa, Mullet, Shrimps are the major fishes reared in the fisheries around Chilika lake.

Marine Fisheries

• As per Economic Survey 2017-18, the state has 6% of the coastline and 4.7% of the continental shelf area of the country.
• The state has 73 marine fish landing centres. Among 6 coastal districts, Puri has the longest coastline of 155 kms and Bhadrak the shortest with 50 kms. Prawn, catfish and promfrets are some of the important species produced in state.
• Odisha Maritime Fishing Regulation Act is being implemented in the state to safeguard the coastal water areas of the state.
• Both freshwater and brackish water prawn culture have assumed considerable importance on account of their profitability as well as foreign exchange earning capability.

State Initiatives for Fishery Development

Fishery Development Policy It has been formulated as a part of the Agriculture Policy, 2008. The main objective of this policy is to increase fish seed production and fish production in order to provide self-employment opportunities. This will increase the Per Capita Income and eradicate poverty by utilising unexploited water resources through application of new technologies.
Fish Farmers Development Agency This scheme is sponsored by the Central Government. It is implemented to develop pond areas and to train fish farmers in modern pisciculture techniques. There are 30 Fish Farmers Development Agencies (FFDA), one in each district. Two on-going schemes, namely Fish Farmers Development Agencies (FFDA) and Brackish Water Fish Farmers Development Agencies (BFFDA), have been merged and renamed as Development of Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture (DIFA). Fish farms are developed at Chandrabhaga in Puri, Gopalpur in Ganjam and Konark.
The State Reservoir Fishery Policy It has been formulated with a view to introducing scientific and remunerative pisciculture in reservoirs. It aims to attract private investment from the reservoir resources.

• Under this policy, special attention is given to displaced persons/project effected persons.
• It permits the transfer of reservoir having an area of 100 acres and above to fisheries and Animal Resources Department.

Accident Insurance Scheme Under this scheme fishermen of the state are covered. A sum of ` 2 lakh would be provided in the event of accidental death or permanent disability and ` 1 lakh for partial disability under this scheme. A sum of ` 10,000 is allowed as assistance to fishermen towards hospitalisation expenses.
Matsyajibi Basagruha Yojana This scheme envisages providing pucca houses to the marine fishers with assistance of ` 1.30 lakh for IAP and ` 1.20 lakh for non-IAP districts.

Animal Husbandry Department

The Department of Animal Husbandry works under the guidance of Principal Secretary and Agriculture Production Commissioner. It has the following set up:

Directorate Level 

At Directorate level for administrative, technical, official work, the department has the post of Director, Joint Director, Deputy Directors, Deputy Milk Commissioner, Veterinary Assistant Surgeons and Statistical Officers and other ministerial staff.

Division/District Level

Major activities of this department can be broadly classified under the following heads:

• Improvement in breeding procedure in animals and birds. Extension and Human Resource Development.
• Rural Development through promotion of livestock rearing.