Definition of Arousal | Physical Education for GCSE/IGCSE - Year 11 PDF Download

Overview

Arousal refers to:

• A condition of physical and psychological stimulation
• The arousal state exists on a spectrum, ranging from deep sleep (minimal arousal) to extreme excitement (elevated arousal)
• Arousal influences both the physical capabilities and mental condition of an athlete
  • The mental condition encompasses both physiological and psychological aspects of an individual
  • Physical manifestations of heightened arousal include elevated heart rate and perspiration
  • Managing arousal levels is essential to prevent negative impacts on performance

Inverted-U Theory

• The inverted-U theory illustrates the connection between arousal and performance.
• The term 'inverted-U' derives from the graph’s shape that represents the theory.
• The inverted-U graph indicates:
  • Performance improves as arousal rises, reaching an optimal level.
  • Beyond the optimal arousal point, performance declines.
• Insufficient arousal can result in poor performance in a sporting activity or skill, possibly due to lack of focus or boredom.
• Excessive arousal can also cause reduced performance, often linked to elevated stress or anxiety.

Optimal Arousal Levels in Sport

• Sports that demand precise movements and fine skills, such as targeting in archery, require lower arousal levels, resulting in a lower optimal arousal point.
• Activities involving gross skills that demand high power and energy, like weightlifting, necessitate higher arousal levels, leading to a higher optimal arousal point.

Diagram of inverted-U theory graph

The optimal levels of arousal are different for different activities