Motion Chapter Notes | Science for Grade 3 PDF Download

Introduction

Motion is all about how things move around us! When you run, jump, or play with a toy car, you are seeing motion. In this chapter, we will learn what motion is, the different ways things can move, and what makes them move, stop, or change direction. We will also explore how we can watch and guess what will happen when things move. Let’s dive into the fun world of motion!

What is Motion?

Motion means when something changes its place over time.

• Examples of motion:
  • A ball rolling on the ground.
  • A car driving on the road.
• Types of motion:
  • Straight motion: When something moves in a straight line, like a toy car going forward.
  • Zigzag motion: When something moves in a curvy or twisty path, like a toy moving around blocks.
  • Back and forth motion: When something moves forward and then backward, like a swing at the park.
  • Round and round motion: When something spins or turns, like a spinning top or a wheel on a bike.
• Words to describe motion:
  • Fast: Moving quickly, like a running dog.
  • Slow: Moving not so fast, like a turtle walking.
  • Forward: Moving ahead, like a car going straight.
  • Backward: Moving back, like pulling a wagon toward you.
  • Up: Moving higher, like a balloon going into the sky.
  • Down: Moving lower, like a ball falling to the ground.
  • Spinning: Turning around and around, like a top.

Forces and Motion

• Examples of forces:
  • Pushing a toy car to make it roll forward.
  • Pulling a wagon to bring it closer to you.
  • Kicking a ball to make it move (a push).
  • Tugging a rope in a game of tug-of-war (a pull).
  • Gravity pulling a ball down a slide to make it move.
• How forces affect motion:
  • A stronger push or pull makes things move faster or go farther.
  • A weaker push or pull makes things move slower or go a shorter distance.

Observing and Predicting Motion

• Patterns of motion:
• Some motions happen the same way every time.
  • Example: A ball rolled down a ramp goes in a straight line unless something stops it or changes its path.
• Cause and effect in motion:
• Forces make things move differently.
  • Example: Pushing a toy car harder makes it go faster.
  • Example: Pushing a toy car in a new direction makes it turn.