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Mind Map: Nuclear Energy | Science & Technology for UPSC CSE

The document Mind Map: Nuclear Energy | Science & Technology for UPSC CSE is a part of the UPSC Course Science & Technology for UPSC CSE.
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FAQs on Mind Map: Nuclear Energy - Science & Technology for UPSC CSE

1. What are the primary advantages of nuclear energy compared to other energy sources?
Ans. Nuclear energy offers several advantages, including low greenhouse gas emissions during operation, a high energy density which means a small amount of fuel can produce a large amount of energy, and a reliable power supply that is not subject to the fluctuations seen in renewable sources like solar or wind. Additionally, nuclear power plants have a relatively small land footprint compared to renewable energy installations.
2. What are the main types of nuclear reactors used for energy generation?
Ans. The main types of nuclear reactors include Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR), Boiling Water Reactors (BWR), and Advanced Gas-cooled Reactors (AGR). PWRs use water as both a coolant and a moderator, while BWRs allow water to boil in the reactor core, producing steam directly. AGRs utilize carbon dioxide as a coolant and graphite as a moderator, providing unique operational advantages.
3. What are the key safety concerns associated with nuclear energy?
Ans. Key safety concerns related to nuclear energy include the potential for nuclear accidents, such as meltdowns, which can lead to the release of radioactive materials. Additionally, the management of radioactive waste is a significant issue, as it remains hazardous for thousands of years. Effective containment, proper waste disposal, and emergency preparedness are crucial to ensuring safety in nuclear power generation.
4. How does nuclear energy contribute to energy security?
Ans. Nuclear energy enhances energy security by diversifying the energy mix and reducing dependence on fossil fuels. It provides a stable and continuous power supply, which is essential for maintaining grid reliability. Furthermore, since uranium is widely available and can be sourced from various regions, it helps mitigate the risks associated with fuel supply disruptions.
5. What are the environmental impacts of nuclear energy production?
Ans. The environmental impacts of nuclear energy production are generally lower compared to fossil fuels, primarily due to reduced greenhouse gas emissions. However, concerns include the potential for thermal pollution from discharged cooling water, the risk of radioactive contamination in the event of an accident, and the long-term storage of nuclear waste, which requires careful management to prevent environmental harm.
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