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Mind Map: Biotechnology | Science & Technology for UPSC CSE

The document Mind Map: Biotechnology | Science & Technology for UPSC CSE is a part of the UPSC Course Science & Technology for UPSC CSE.
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FAQs on Mind Map: Biotechnology - Science & Technology for UPSC CSE

1. What is biotechnology and how is it applied in various sectors?
Ans.Biotechnology refers to the use of living organisms, cells, or biological systems to develop products and technologies that improve the quality of life. It is applied in various sectors including healthcare, agriculture, environmental management, and food production. In healthcare, biotechnology is used for the development of vaccines, antibiotics, and gene therapy. In agriculture, it helps in the creation of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) that are resistant to pests and diseases. Environmental biotechnology focuses on bioremediation processes to clean up contaminated environments, while in food production, it enhances fermentation processes and improves nutritional content.
2. What are the key techniques used in biotechnology?
Ans.Key techniques in biotechnology include genetic engineering, molecular cloning, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and bioinformatics. Genetic engineering involves altering the genetic material of organisms to achieve desired traits. Molecular cloning allows for the replication of specific DNA sequences, while PCR is a method used to amplify DNA for various applications. Bioinformatics combines biology and computer science to analyze biological data, facilitating the understanding of genetic information and aiding in drug discovery and development.
3. How has biotechnology evolved over the years?
Ans.Biotechnology has evolved significantly since its inception. The earliest applications can be traced back to ancient practices such as fermentation in brewing and baking. The discovery of DNA structure in the mid-20th century paved the way for modern biotechnology, particularly with the advent of recombinant DNA technology in the 1970s. This breakthrough allowed for the manipulation of genetic material, leading to innovations such as insulin production through genetically modified bacteria. The field has continued to grow, with advancements in synthetic biology, CRISPR technology, and personalized medicine shaping its future.
4. What are the ethical concerns surrounding biotechnology?
Ans.Ethical concerns in biotechnology include issues related to genetic modification, bio-safety, and the potential for misuse of biotechnological advancements. The manipulation of genetic material raises questions about the long-term effects on ecosystems and human health. There are also concerns regarding the ownership of genetic resources and the implications of cloning and stem cell research. Ethical considerations must be addressed to ensure that biotechnology is used responsibly and for the benefit of society, balancing innovation with safety and moral obligations.
5. What role does biotechnology play in sustainable development?
Ans.Biotechnology plays a crucial role in sustainable development by providing solutions that address environmental challenges, food security, and health issues. Biotechnological advancements enable the development of crops that require fewer resources, such as water and fertilizers, thus reducing environmental impact. In healthcare, biotechnological products can lead to more effective treatments with less environmental burden. Additionally, bioremediation techniques help restore polluted environments, contributing to a healthier ecosystem. By promoting sustainable practices, biotechnology supports the achievement of global development goals.
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