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Unit Test: The Colonial Era in India | Social Science Class 8 - New NCERT PDF Download

Time: 1 Hour
M.M.: 30
Attempt all questions.
Question numbers 1 to 4 carry 1 mark each.
Question numbers 5 and 6 carry 2 marks each.
Question numbers 7 to 10 carry 3 marks each.
Question numbers 11 and 12 carry 5 marks each.

Q1. What is colonialism?
(a) Establishing trade relations based on mutual benefit
(b) Controlling another region politically, economically, and culturally
(c) Forming alliances for cultural exchange
(d) Temporary occupation for exploration

Q2. Which European power first implemented the cartaz system to control sea trade along the Indian coast?
(a) British East India Company
(b) Dutch East India Company
(c) Portuguese
(d) French

Q3. True or False: The Portuguese set up the Inquisition in Goa, lasting until the 19th century.

Q4. Who was Rani Abbakka I?
(a)
 Leading a diplomatic treaty with the Portuguese
(b) Resisting Portuguese colonial expansion in Ullal using guerrilla tactics
(c) Forming a major alliance with the British to fight Dutch traders
(d) Establishing French influence in southern India

Q5. Explain the significance of the Battle of Colachel in 1741.

Q6. Describe the British strategy of “divide and rule” in India.

Q7. Outline the causes and effects of the Bengal Famine of 1770.

Q8. How did British policies lead to the decline of India’s traditional textile industry?

Q9. What were the main reasons for the Indian Rebellion of 1857?

Q10. Describe the roles of Rani Lakshmibai and Begum Hazrat Mahal in the 1857 rebellion.

Q11. Discuss the economic impact of British colonialism on India as described by historians like Dadabhai Naoroji and Utsa Patnaik.

Q12. Explain how British education policies changed Indian society and created a new class of English-educated Indians.

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FAQs on Unit Test: The Colonial Era in India - Social Science Class 8 - New NCERT

1. What were the main reasons for the British colonization of India?
Ans. The British colonization of India was primarily driven by the desire for economic gain, strategic interests, and the expansion of British power. The British East India Company initially established trade relations in the early 17th century, focusing on lucrative commodities like spices, textiles, and later, tea. The political instability in India, characterized by the decline of Mughal power, provided an opportunity for the British to establish control, leading to the gradual annexation of territories.
2. What were the key impacts of British rule on India’s economy?
Ans. British rule had profound effects on India's economy. It transformed India into a source of raw materials for British industries while suppressing local manufacturing. The introduction of railways and telegraphs improved infrastructure but primarily served British interests. Additionally, the economic policies led to the depletion of wealth, widespread poverty, and famines, as agricultural practices were altered to favor cash crops over food security.
3. How did the Indian National Congress contribute to the independence movement?
Ans. The Indian National Congress (INC), founded in 1885, was crucial in uniting diverse groups in the struggle for independence. Initially advocating for moderate reforms, it later adopted a more assertive stance against colonial rule, particularly after the 1920s. The INC organized mass movements, such as the Non-Cooperation Movement and the Civil Disobedience Movement, to challenge British authority and mobilize the Indian populace towards the goal of self-rule.
4. What role did social reformers play during the Colonial Era in India?
Ans. Social reformers played a significant role in addressing societal issues during the Colonial Era. Figures like Raja Ram Mohan Roy and Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar worked to eradicate social evils like sati and child marriage, promoting education and women's rights. Their efforts not only contributed to social progress but also inspired a sense of national identity and pride, which were pivotal in the fight against colonialism.
5. What were some significant movements against British rule in India?
Ans. Several significant movements arose against British rule, including the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857, which marked one of the first major uprisings. The Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922) encouraged Indians to boycott British goods and institutions. The Civil Disobedience Movement (1930-1934) led by Mahatma Gandhi called for nonviolent resistance against unjust laws. These movements galvanized public support and laid the groundwork for the eventual independence of India.
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