Class 8 Exam > Class 8 Notes > Social Science Class 8 - New NCERT > Cheatsheet: Reshaping India’s Political Map
Cheatsheet: Reshaping India’s Political Map | Social Science Class 8 - New NCERT PDF Download
| Table of contents |
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| Rise and Fall of the Delhi Sultanate |
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| The Vijayanagara Empire |
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| The Mughals |
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| Resistance to the Mughals |
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| Administering India |
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| People’s Lives |
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Rise and Fall of the Delhi Sultanate
The Delhi Sultanate was a powerful empire established in 1192 that ruled large parts of northern India. It was marked by expansion, conflicts, and eventual decline after over three centuries of rule.
Resistance to the Delhi Sultanate
Various kingdoms and regions resisted the Delhi Sultanate’s expansion, preserving their independence and cultural identities.
The Vijayanagara Empire
The Vijayanagara Empire was a powerful kingdom founded in the 14th century in southern India, known for its military strength, cultural achievements, and architectural marvels.
Krishnadevaraya
Krishnadevaraya was the greatest ruler of the Vijayanagara Empire, reigning from 1509 to 1529, renowned for his military victories, governance, and cultural patronage.
The Mughals
The Mughal Empire was founded in 1526 by Babur and became one of India’s most powerful empires, known for its military conquests, cultural achievements, and administrative innovations.
Akbar
Akbar was a pivotal Mughal ruler known for consolidating and expanding the empire and pioneering inclusive policies.
Aurangzeb
Aurangzeb, known for expanding the empire to its greatest extent, also instituted strict religious policies that led to resistance and decline.
Resistance to the Mughals
This section covers the key resistance movements against Mughal rule by the Rajputs, the Ahoms, and the Sikhs, highlighting military conflicts, leadership, and the impact of these resistances.
Surge of the Rajputs
Rajput kingdoms in northwest India actively resisted Mughal rule, balancing alliances and fierce opposition.
The Ahoms
The Ahom kingdom in the Brahmaputra Valley resisted Mughal attempts to expand into Northeast India.
The Rise of the Sikhs
The Sikh community transformed from a peaceful religious movement into a martial force resisting Mughal oppression.
Administering India
Administration under the Delhi Sultanate
The Delhi Sultanate had a highly centralised administration with the Sultan holding supreme authority over political, military, and judicial matters.
Here is a concise cheatsheet for the Mughal Administrative Framework:
Mughal Administrative Framework
The Mughal Empire had a centralised and hierarchical administration, dividing governance into central, provincial, and local levels.
People’s Lives
Life during the Delhi Sultanate and Mughal Empire was shaped by agriculture, trade, social hierarchy, and cultural intermingling.
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FAQs on Cheatsheet: Reshaping India’s Political Map - Social Science Class 8 - New NCERT
| 1. What were the key factors that led to the rise of the Delhi Sultanate? |  |
Ans. The rise of the Delhi Sultanate was influenced by several key factors, including the weakening of local kingdoms due to internal conflicts and invasions, particularly by the Turks. The military prowess and effective governance of the early Sultans, such as Qutb al-Din Aibak, played a crucial role in establishing control over northern India. Additionally, the use of strategic marriages and alliances helped the Sultans secure their power and expand their territories.
| 2. How did the Vijayanagara Empire contribute to the cultural landscape of India? | |
Ans. The Vijayanagara Empire significantly enriched India's cultural landscape through its patronage of art, literature, and architecture. It fostered the development of classical music and dance forms and promoted the use of local languages in literature. The empire's architectural achievements, such as the famous Hampi ruins, showcased intricate designs and advanced urban planning, reflecting a blend of indigenous and Islamic styles.
| 3. What were the main strategies of resistance against Mughal rule in India? | |
Ans. Resistance to Mughal rule was marked by various strategies, including guerrilla warfare, forming alliances with other regional powers, and mobilizing local populations. Key figures like Shivaji Maharaj in the Deccan and various Rajput rulers employed tactics such as hit-and-run attacks and fortification of their territories. These resistances highlighted the regional identity and autonomy against the centralized Mughal authority.
| 4. How did the Mughal Empire impact trade and economy in India? | |
Ans. The Mughal Empire had a profound impact on trade and the economy of India by promoting a vibrant exchange of goods and ideas. The establishment of a stable governance system and infrastructure, such as roads and ports, facilitated trade both domestically and internationally. The Mughals also encouraged industries like textiles and handicrafts, which thrived under their patronage, making India a significant player in global trade networks.
| 5. What were the consequences of the decline of the Delhi Sultanate? | |
Ans. The decline of the Delhi Sultanate led to significant political fragmentation in northern India, with the emergence of regional powers and the eventual rise of the Mughal Empire. This decline resulted in a power vacuum that allowed local rulers and chieftains to assert their authority, leading to increased instability and conflicts. Additionally, the weakening of centralized control affected trade and cultural cohesion, paving the way for new socio-political dynamics in the region.
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