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Cheatsheet: Universal Franchise and India’s Electoral System | Social Science Class 8 - New NCERT PDF Download

Introduction

Universal adult franchise means every Indian citizen aged 18 and above has the right to vote. 
Key points:

  • Every vote has equal value, regardless of caste, creed, religion, gender, or income.
  • Registration is required to vote, and certain criminal convictions disqualify individuals.

Universal Adult Franchise

Every Indian citizen aged 18 and above has the right to vote, making universal franchise a cornerstone of Indian democracy.Cheatsheet: Universal Franchise and India’s Electoral System | Social Science  Class 8 - New NCERT

Bridging Barriers, Enabling Participation: Ensuring Universal Franchise

The Election Commission of India (ECI) takes innovative steps to ensure all eligible voters, including those in remote areas and with disabilities, can participate in elections.Cheatsheet: Universal Franchise and India’s Electoral System | Social Science  Class 8 - New NCERT

Role of the Election Commission of India (ECI)

Election Commission of India — A brief introduction

The Election Commission of India (ECI) is an independent constitutional authority established in 1950 to conduct free and fair elections in India.
Cheatsheet: Universal Franchise and India’s Electoral System | Social Science  Class 8 - New NCERT

Managing the Electoral Process

The ECI handles the complex task of conducting elections across a vast and diverse country, continuously upgrading procedures to maintain efficiency, fairness, and transparency.
Cheatsheet: Universal Franchise and India’s Electoral System | Social Science  Class 8 - New NCERT

Model Code of Conduct (MCC)

The MCC is a set of guidelines implemented to maintain fair play and peaceful elections by regulating the conduct of political parties, candidates, and government officials during election periods.
Cheatsheet: Universal Franchise and India’s Electoral System | Social Science  Class 8 - New NCERT

Understanding Elections in India

Election of the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies

India’s parliamentary system includes elections for the Lok Sabha (national level) and State Legislative Assemblies (state level).
Cheatsheet: Universal Franchise and India’s Electoral System | Social Science  Class 8 - New NCERT

Election of the Rajya Sabha

Rajya Sabha members are elected indirectly by MLAs from state assemblies using the single transferable vote system, ensuring proportional representation.
Cheatsheet: Universal Franchise and India’s Electoral System | Social Science  Class 8 - New NCERT

Election of the President of India

The President is elected by an Electoral College comprising MPs and MLAs via a single transferable vote system, balancing state and central powers.
Cheatsheet: Universal Franchise and India’s Electoral System | Social Science  Class 8 - New NCERT

Election of the Vice President of India

The Vice President is elected by all members of both houses of Parliament (elected and nominated) using the single transferable vote; they serve as Chairperson of the Rajya Sabha.
Cheatsheet: Universal Franchise and India’s Electoral System | Social Science  Class 8 - New NCERT

Challenges and the Road Ahead

India’s electoral system, while the largest democratic exercise globally, faces challenges such as money power, criminal candidates, and voter apathy. Strengthening democracy requires voter education and awareness to promote responsible voting.
Cheatsheet: Universal Franchise and India’s Electoral System | Social Science  Class 8 - New NCERT

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FAQs on Cheatsheet: Universal Franchise and India’s Electoral System - Social Science Class 8 - New NCERT

1. What is Universal Adult Franchise and why is it important in India?
Ans.Universal Adult Franchise refers to the right of all adult citizens to vote in elections, regardless of their caste, creed, gender, or economic status. In India, it is crucial because it ensures that every citizen has an equal voice in the democratic process, promoting inclusivity and representation in governance. It was established to empower people and bridge societal gaps, helping to create a more equitable society.
2. How does the Election Commission of India (ECI) ensure free and fair elections?
Ans.The Election Commission of India (ECI) plays a vital role in maintaining the integrity of the electoral process. The ECI is responsible for preparing electoral rolls, conducting elections, and ensuring compliance with election laws. It implements various measures such as monitoring election campaigns, deploying observers, and using technology to ensure transparency, thereby fostering a free and fair electoral environment.
3. What are the major challenges faced in ensuring Universal Franchise in India?
Ans.Some of the significant challenges include voter apathy, lack of awareness about voting rights, and barriers such as caste and gender discrimination that can hinder participation. Additionally, issues like electoral fraud, misinformation, and logistical problems during elections can also pose obstacles to achieving true Universal Franchise in the country.
4. How do elections in India reflect the principles of democracy?
Ans.Elections in India embody democratic principles by allowing citizens to choose their representatives through a fair voting process. They provide a platform for diverse voices and opinions, ensuring that the government reflects the will of the people. Regular elections, conducted by an independent body like the ECI, reinforce accountability and transparency in governance.
5. What steps can be taken to improve voter participation in India?
Ans.To improve voter participation, several measures can be implemented, such as increasing voter education campaigns to raise awareness about the importance of voting, simplifying the registration process, and using technology to facilitate easier access to information about candidates and policies. Moreover, engaging youth and marginalized communities in the electoral process can foster a more inclusive democratic environment.
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