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Krishnadeva Raya, the King of Vijayanagar, was not only an accomplished scholar himself but was also a great patron of learning and literature. Discuss. (UPSC GS 1 Mains)

  • Historians consider Krishnadevaraya as the greatest ruler of the Vijayanagara kingdom.His greatest achievement is of the broad tolerance that existed during his rule in his empire. 
  • His reign marked a new era in Telugu literature when imitation of Sanskrit works gave way to independent works. 
  • His rule was an age of prolific literature in many languages ,although it is also known as a golden age of Telugu literature. 
  • He was a gifted scholar of Telugu and Sanskrit and wrote many works in these languages. 
  • Sanskrit plays "JambavatiKalyanam", "Ushaparinayam", Madalasacharitha, Rasamanjari, Satyavaduparinaya and a Telugu poem "Amuktamalyada" were written by him. This work beautifully subscribed the agony of separation suffered by Sri Andal for her lover Lord Vishnu. 
  • He was fluent in many languages including his mother tongue "Tulu". 
  • He extended his patronage to Telugu,Kannada and Tamil poets alike. 
  • He patronised many famous posts like Haridasu, Nanditimmana, Kannada poet mallanaraya etc. 
  • His court BhuvanaVijayamu was adorned by eight literary giants called as "Astadiggajas". The most celebrated of them were Allasanipeddana (father of Telugu poetry), Dhurjati, Tenali Ramakrishna. 
  • His munificence for scholars earned for him the title "Andhra Bhoja".

Topics covered -  The Vijayanagara Empire

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FAQs on April 11 – GS1/History: 2026 - UPSC Daily Answer Writing Practice

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Ans.GS1 is an international organization that develops and maintains supply chain standards to improve the efficiency and accuracy of communication between trading partners. Its most recognized contribution is the Global Trade Item Number (GTIN), which is used to uniquely identify products. This standardization helps streamline processes across various industries, enhancing traceability and reducing errors in product identification.
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Ans.The GS1 system utilizes several types of barcodes, including UPC (Universal Product Code), EAN (European Article Number), and GS1 DataBar, among others. Each barcode type serves different purposes; for instance, UPC is widely used in retail for consumer products, while GS1 DataBar can encode additional information like weight, making it suitable for fresh food items.
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