Q1: What is the next term in the arithmetic sequence: 5, 9, 13, 17, ...? (a) 19 (b) 20 (c) 21 (d) 22
Solution:
Ans: (c) Explanation: This is an arithmetic sequence with a common difference of 4 (since \(9 - 5 = 4\)). To find the next term, add 4 to the last term: \(17 + 4 = 21\).
Q2: Which formula represents the nth term of an arithmetic sequence? (a) \(a_n = a_1 + (n - 1)d\) (b) \(a_n = a_1 \cdot r^{n-1}\) (c) \(a_n = a_1 + nd\) (d) \(a_n = a_1 \cdot r^n\)
Solution:
Ans: (a) Explanation: The explicit formula for an arithmetic sequence is \(a_n = a_1 + (n - 1)d\), where \(a_1\) is the first term, \(d\) is the common difference, and \(n\) is the term number. Option (b) and (d) represent geometric sequences, while option (c) incorrectly multiplies \(n\) by \(d\) instead of \((n-1)\).
Q3: Identify the type of sequence: 2, 6, 18, 54, ... (a) Arithmetic (b) Geometric (c) Neither (d) Both arithmetic and geometric
Solution:
Ans: (b) Explanation: This is a geometric sequence because each term is multiplied by a constant value called the common ratio. Here, the common ratio is 3 (since \(6 \div 2 = 3\), \(18 \div 6 = 3\), etc.). In an arithmetic sequence, terms would have a constant difference, not ratio.
Q4: What is the common ratio in the geometric sequence: 80, 40, 20, 10, ...? (a) 2 (b) -2 (c) 0.5 (d) -0.5
Solution:
Ans: (c) Explanation: The common ratio is found by dividing any term by the previous term: \(40 \div 80 = 0.5\). Each term is half of the previous term, so \(r = 0.5\).
Q5: Find the 10th term of the arithmetic sequence where \(a_1 = 3\) and \(d = 7\). (a) 63 (b) 66 (c) 70 (d) 73
Solution:
Ans: (b) Explanation: Using the formula \(a_n = a_1 + (n - 1)d\), substitute the values: \(a_{10} = 3 + (10 - 1) \cdot 7\) \(a_{10} = 3 + 9 \cdot 7\) \(a_{10} = 3 + 63 = 66\)
Q6: Which of the following sequences is NOT arithmetic? (a) 7, 12, 17, 22, 27 (b) -5, -2, 1, 4, 7 (c) 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 (d) 100, 95, 90, 85, 80
Solution:
Ans: (c) Explanation: An arithmetic sequence has a constant difference between consecutive terms. In option (c), the differences are: \(6 - 3 = 3\), \(12 - 6 = 6\), \(24 - 12 = 12\), which are not constant. This sequence is actually geometric with a common ratio of 2. Options (a), (b), and (d) all have constant differences of 5, 3, and -5 respectively.
Q7: What is the 5th term of the geometric sequence with \(a_1 = 2\) and \(r = 3\)? (a) 54 (b) 81 (c) 162 (d) 243
Solution:
Ans: (c) Explanation: The explicit formula for a geometric sequence is \(a_n = a_1 \cdot r^{n-1}\). Substituting the values: \(a_5 = 2 \cdot 3^{5-1}\) \(a_5 = 2 \cdot 3^4\) \(a_5 = 2 \cdot 81 = 162\)
Q8: In an arithmetic sequence, if \(a_3 = 14\) and \(a_7 = 30\), what is the common difference? (a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d) 16
Solution:
Ans: (b) Explanation: The difference between \(a_7\) and \(a_3\) spans 4 terms (from term 3 to term 7). So: \(a_7 - a_3 = 4d\) \(30 - 14 = 4d\) \(16 = 4d\) \(d = 4\) The common difference is 4.
Section B: Fill in the Blanks
Q9: A sequence in which each term after the first is obtained by adding a constant value is called a(n) __________ sequence.
Solution:
Ans: arithmetic Explanation: An arithmetic sequence is defined by having a constant difference between consecutive terms, called the common difference.
Q10: In a geometric sequence, the constant multiplied to get from one term to the next is called the __________.
Solution:
Ans: common ratio Explanation: The common ratio is the constant value \(r\) by which each term is multiplied to obtain the next term in a geometric sequence.
Q11: The explicit formula for the nth term of a geometric sequence is \(a_n = a_1 \cdot\) __________.
Solution:
Ans: \(r^{n-1}\) Explanation: The complete explicit formula for a geometric sequence is \(a_n = a_1 \cdot r^{n-1}\), where \(r\) is the common ratio and \(n\) is the term number.
Q12: If the first term of an arithmetic sequence is 8 and the common difference is -3, then the second term is __________.
Solution:
Ans: 5 Explanation: To find the second term, add the common difference to the first term: \(8 + (-3) = 5\).
Q13: A formula that expresses the nth term of a sequence in terms of n is called a(n) __________ formula.
Solution:
Ans: explicit Explanation: An explicit formula allows you to find any term in a sequence directly using the term number \(n\), without needing to know previous terms.
Q14: In the sequence 5, 10, 20, 40, ..., each term is __________ the previous term.
Solution:
Ans: double (or twice or 2 times) Explanation: This is a geometric sequence with a common ratio of 2, meaning each term is double (or twice) the previous term.
Section C: Word Problems
Q15: A theater has 20 seats in the first row, 24 seats in the second row, 28 seats in the third row, and so on. If this pattern continues, how many seats are in the 12th row?
Solution:
Ans:
This is an arithmetic sequence with \(a_1 = 20\) and \(d = 4\).
Using the formula \(a_n = a_1 + (n-1)d\):
\(a_{12} = 20 + (12-1) \cdot 4\)
\(a_{12} = 20 + 11 \cdot 4\)
\(a_{12} = 20 + 44 = 64\) Final Answer: 64 seats
Q16: A ball is dropped from a height of 512 cm. Each time it bounces, it reaches half the height of the previous bounce. What height does the ball reach after the 4th bounce?
Solution:
Ans:
This is a geometric sequence with \(a_1 = 512\) and \(r = 0.5\).
The 4th bounce is the 4th term after the initial drop, so we find \(a_5\):
Using \(a_n = a_1 \cdot r^{n-1}\):
\(a_5 = 512 \cdot (0.5)^{5-1}\)
\(a_5 = 512 \cdot (0.5)^4\)
\(a_5 = 512 \cdot 0.0625 = 32\) Final Answer: 32 cm
Q17: Sarah is saving money for a trip. She saves $15 the first week, $22 the second week, $29 the third week, and continues this pattern. How much money will she save in the 8th week?
Solution:
Ans:
This is an arithmetic sequence with \(a_1 = 15\) and \(d = 7\) (since \(22 - 15 = 7\)).
Using the formula \(a_n = a_1 + (n-1)d\):
\(a_8 = 15 + (8-1) \cdot 7\)
\(a_8 = 15 + 7 \cdot 7\)
\(a_8 = 15 + 49 = 64\) Final Answer: $64
Q18: A population of bacteria doubles every hour. If there are initially 50 bacteria, how many bacteria will there be after 6 hours?
Solution:
Ans:
This is a geometric sequence with \(a_1 = 50\) and \(r = 2\).
After 6 hours, we need the 7th term (initial count plus 6 doublings):
Using \(a_n = a_1 \cdot r^{n-1}\):
\(a_7 = 50 \cdot 2^{7-1}\)
\(a_7 = 50 \cdot 2^6\)
\(a_7 = 50 \cdot 64 = 3200\) Final Answer: 3200 bacteria
Q19: The first term of an arithmetic sequence is 45 and the common difference is -6. Which term of the sequence will be the first negative term?
Solution:
Ans:
We need to find when \(a_n <>
Using \(a_n = a_1 + (n-1)d\):
\(a_n = 45 + (n-1)(-6)\)
\(a_n = 45 - 6(n-1)\)
\(a_n = 45 - 6n + 6\)
\(a_n = 51 - 6n\)
Set \(51 - 6n <>
\(51 <>
\(n > 8.5\)
Since \(n\) must be a whole number, the first negative term occurs at \(n = 9\).
Check: \(a_9 = 51 - 6(9) = 51 - 54 = -3\) Final Answer: The 9th term
Q20: A company's value was $2,000,000 at the end of Year 1. If the company's value increases by $250,000 each year, what will the company's value be at the end of Year 10?
Solution:
Ans:
This is an arithmetic sequence with \(a_1 = 2,000,000\) and \(d = 250,000\).
Using \(a_n = a_1 + (n-1)d\):
\(a_{10} = 2,000,000 + (10-1) \cdot 250,000\)
\(a_{10} = 2,000,000 + 9 \cdot 250,000\)
\(a_{10} = 2,000,000 + 2,250,000\)
\(a_{10} = 4,250,000\) Final Answer: $4,250,000
The document Worksheet (with Solutions): Sequences is a part of the Grade 9 Course Integrated Math 1.
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