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States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET PDF Download

Question 5.1: What will be the minimum pressure required to compress 500 dm3 of air at 1 bar to 200 dm3 at 30°C?
Ans:- Given,
Initial pressure, p1 = 1 bar
Initial volume, V1 = 500 dm3
Final volume, V2 = 200 dm3
Since the temperature remains constant, the final pressure (p2) can be calculated using Boyle’s law.
According to Boyle’s law,

States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET

Therefore, the minimum pressure required is 2.5 bar.

Question 5.2: A vessel of 120 mL capacity contains a certain amount of gas at 35 °C and 1.2 bar pressure. The gas is transferred to another vessel of volume 180 mL at 35 °C. What would be its pressure?
Ans:- Given,
Initial pressure, p1 = 1.2 bar
Initial volume, V= 120 mL
Final volume, V2 = 180 mL
Since the temperature remains constant, the final pressure (p2) can be calculated using Boyle’s law.
According to Boyle’s law,

States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET

Therefore, the pressure would be 0.8 bar.

Question 5.3: Using the equation of state pV = nRT; show that at a given temperature density of a gas is proportional to gas pressure p.
Ans:- The equation of state is given by,
pV = nRT ……….. (i)
Where,
p → Pressure of gas
V → Volume of gas
n→ Number of moles of gas
R → Gas constant
T → Temperature of gas
From equation (i) we have,
States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET
Replacing n with States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET, we have
States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET

Where,
m → Mass of gas
M → Molar mass of gas
But, States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET(d = density of gas)
Thus, from equation (ii), we have
States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET

Molar mass (M) of a gas is always constant and therefore, at constant temperature   States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET    = constant.

States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET

Hence, at a given temperature, the density (d) of gas is proportional to its pressure (p)

Question 5.4: At 0°C, the density of a certain oxide of a gas at 2 bar is same as that of dinitrogen at 5 bar. What is the molecular mass of the oxide?
Ans:- Density (d) of the substance at temperature (T) can be given by the expression,

d = States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET

Now, density of oxide (d1) is given by,

States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET

Where, M1 and p1 are the mass and pressure of the oxide respectively.

Density of dinitrogen gas (d2) is given by,

States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET

Where, M2 and p2 are the mass and pressure of the oxide respectively.

According to the given question,

States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET

Molecular mass of nitrogen, M2 = 28 g/mol

States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET

Hence, the molecular mass of the oxide is 70 g/mol.

Question 5.5: Pressure of 1 g of an ideal gas A at 27 °C is found to be 2 bar. When 2 g of another ideal gas B is introduced in the same flask at same temperature the pressure becomes 3 bar. Find a relationship between their molecular masses.
Ans:- For ideal gas A, the ideal gas equation is given by,

States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET

Where, pA and nA represent the pressure and number of moles of gas A.

For ideal gas B, the ideal gas equation is given by,

States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET

Where, pand nB represent the pressure and number of moles of gas B.

[V and T are constants for gases A and B]

From equation (i), we have

States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET

From equation (ii), we have

States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET

Where, Mand MB are the molecular masses of gases A and B respectively.

Now, from equations (iii) and (iv), we have

States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET

Given,

States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET

(Since total pressure is 3 bar)

Substituting these values in equation (v), we have

States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET

Thus, a relationship between the molecular masses of A and B is given by

States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET.

Question 5.6: The drain cleaner, Drainex contains small bits of aluminum which react with caustic soda to produce dihydrogen. What volume of dihydrogen at 20 °C and one bar will be released when 0.15g of aluminum reacts?
Ans:- The reaction of aluminium with caustic soda can be represented as:

States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET

At STP (273.15 K and 1 atm), 54 g (2 × 27 g) of Al gives 3 × 22400 mL of H2..

States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET0.15 g Al gives States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEETi.e., 186.67 mL of H2.

At STP,

States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET

Let the volume of dihydrogen beStates of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET at p2 = 0.987 atm (since 1 bar = 0.987 atm) and T2 = 20°C = (273.15 20) K = 293.15 K..

States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET

Therefore, 203 mL of dihydrogen will be released.

Question 5.7: What will be the pressure exerted by a mixture of 3.2 g of methane and 4.4 g of carbon dioxide contained in a 9 dm3 flask at 27 °C ?
Ans:- It is known that,

States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET

For methane (CH­4),

States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET

For carbon dioxide (CO2),

States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET

Total pressure exerted by the mixture can be obtained as:

States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET

Hence, the total pressure exerted by the mixture is 8.314 × 104 Pa.

Question 5.8: What will be the pressure of the gaseous mixture when 0.5 L of H2 at 0.8 bar and 2.0 L of dioxygen at 0.7 bar are introduced in a 1L vessel at 27°C?
Ans:- Let the partial pressure of H2 in the vessel be pH2
Now,
p1 = 0.8 bar, p2 = pH2 = ?
V1 = 0.5 L, V2 = 1L
It is known that,
States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET

Now, let the partial pressure of O2 in the vessel be Po2.

States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET

States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET

Total pressure of the gas mixture in the vessel can be obtained as:

States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET

Hence, the total pressure of the gaseous mixture in the vessel is 1.8 bar.

Question 5.9 : Density of a gas is found to be 5.46g/dm3 at 27°C at 2 bar pressure.What will be its density at STP?
Ans:- Given,
States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET

The density (d2) of the gas at STP can be calculated using the equation,

States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET

States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET

Hence, the density of the gas at STP will be 3 g dm–3.

Question 5.10: 34.05 mL of phosphorus vapour weighs 0.0625 g at 546 °C and 0.1 bar pressure. What is the molar mass of phosphorus?

Ans:- Given,
p = 0.1 bar
V = 34.05 mL = 34.05 × 10–3 L = 34.05 × 10–3 dm3
R = 0.083 bar dm3 K–1 mol–1
T = 546°C = (546 + 273) K = 819 K
The number of moles (n) can be calculated using the ideal gas equation as:

States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET

Therefore, molar mass of phosphorus States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET= 1247.5 g mol–1

Hence, the molar mass of phosphorus is 1247.5 g mol–1.

Question 5.11: A student forgot to add the reaction mixture to the round bottomed flask at 27 °C but instead he/she placed the flask on the flame. After a lapse of time, he realized his mistake, and using a pyrometer he found the temperature of the flask was 477 °C. What fraction of air would have been expelled out?
Ans:- Let the volume of the round bottomed flask be V.
Then, the volume of air inside the flask at 27° C is V.
Now,
V1 = V
T1 = 27°C = 300 K
V2 =?
T2 = 477° C = 750 K
According to Charles’s law,
States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET

Therefore, volume of air expelled out = 2.5 VV = 1.5 V

Hence, fraction of air expelled out States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEETStates of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET

Question 5.12: Calculate the temperature of 4.0 mol of a gas occupying 5 dmat 3.32 bar.   (R = 0.083 bar dm3 K–1 mol–1).
Ans:- Given,
n = 4.0 mol
V = 5 dm3
p = 3.32 bar
R = 0.083 bar dm3 K–1 mol–1

The temperature (T) can be calculated using the ideal gas equation as:

States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET

Hence, the required temperature is 50 K.

Question 5.13: Calculate the total number of electrons present in 1.4 g of dinitrogen gas.
Ans:- Molar mass of dinitrogen (N2) = 28 g mol–1

Thus, 1.4 g of States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET

States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET

Now, 1 molecule of States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEETcontains 14 electrons.

Therefore, 3.01 × 1023 molecules of N2 contains = 14 × 3.01 × 1023

= 4.214 × 1023 electrons

Question 5.14: How much time would it take to distribute one Avogadro number of wheat grains, if 1010 grains are distributed each second?
Ans:- Avogadro number = 6.02 × 1023

Thus, time required

States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET

States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET

Hence, the time taken would be 1.9090 X 106 years..

Question 5.15: Calculate the total pressure in a mixture of 8 g of dioxygen and 4 g of dihydrogen confined in a vessel of 1 dm3 at 27°C. R = 0.083 bar dm3 K–1 mol–1.

Ans:- Given,
Mass of dioxygen (O2) = 8 g
Thus, number of moles of States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET
Mass of dihydrogen (H2) = 4 g
Thus, number of moles of States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET
Therefore, total number of moles in the mixture = 0.25 2 = 2.25 mole
Given,
V = 1 dm3
n = 2.25 mol
R = 0.083 bar dm3 K–1 mol–1
T = 27°C = 300 K
Total pressure (p) can be calculated as:
pV = nRT

States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET

Hence, the total pressure of the mixture is 56.025 bar.

Question 5.16: Pay load is defined as the difference between the mass of displaced air and the mass of the balloon. Calculate the pay load when a balloon of radius 10 m, mass 100 kg is filled with helium at 1.66 bar at 27°C. (Density of air = 1.2 kg m–3 and R = 0.083 bar dm3 K–1 mol–1). 
Ans:- Given,
Radius of the balloon, r = 10 m
States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEETVolume of the balloon States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET

States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET

Thus, the volume of the displaced air is 4190.5 m3.

Given,

Density of air = 1.2 kg m–3

Then, mass of displaced air = 4190.5 × 1.2 kg

= 5028.6 kg

Now, mass of helium (m) inside the balloon is given by,

States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET

Now, total mass of the balloon filled with helium = (100 1117.5) kg = 1217.5 kg

Hence, pay load = (5028.6 – 1217.5) kg = 3811.1 kg

Hence, the pay load of the balloon is 3811.1 kg.

Question 5.17: Calculate the volume occupied by 8.8 g of CO2 at 31.1°C and 1 bar pressure. (R = 0.083 bar L K–1 mol–1).

Ans:- It is known that,

States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET

Here,
m = 8.8 g
R = 0.083 bar LK–1 mol–1
T = 31.1°C = 304.1 K
M = 44 g
p = 1 bar
States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET

Hence, the volume occupied is 5.05 L.

Question 5.18: 2.9 g of a gas at 95 °C occupied the same volume as 0.184 g of dihydrogen at 17 °C, at the same pressure. What is the molar mass of the gas
Ans:- Volume (V) occupied by dihydrogen is given by,

States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET

Let M be the molar mass of the unknown gas. Volume (V) occupied by the unknown gas can be calculated as:

States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET

According to the question,

States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET

Hence, the molar mass of the gas is 40 g mol–1.

Question 5.19: A mixture of dihydrogen and dioxygen at one bar pressure contains 20% by weight of dihydrogen. Calculate the partial pressure of dihydrogen.
Ans:- Let the weight of dihydrogen be 20 g and the weight of dioxygen be 80 g.

Then, the number of moles of dihydrogen,  States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET    and the number of moles of dioxygen, .States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET
Given,
Total pressure of the mixture, ptotal = 1 bar
Then, partial pressure of dihydrogen,

States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET

Hence, the partial pressure of dihydrogen isStates of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET.

Question 5.20: What would be the SI unit for the quantity pV22/n?
Ans:- The SI unit for pressure, p is Nm–2.
The SI unit for volume, V is m3.
The SI unit for temperature, T is K.
The SI unit for the number of moles, is mol.
Therefore, the SI unit for quantity    States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET    is given by,

States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET


Question 5.21: In terms of Charles’ law explain why –273°C is the lowest possible temperature.
Ans:- Charles’ law states that at constant pressure, the volume of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature.

It was found that for all gases (at any given pressure), the plots of volume vs. temperature (in °C) is a straight line. If this line is extended to zero volume, then it intersects the temperature-axis at – 273°C. In other words, the volume of any gas at –273°C is zero. This is because all gases get liquefied before reaching a temperature of – 273°C. Hence, it can be concluded that – 273°C is the lowest possible temperature.

States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions | Chemistry Class 11 - NEET

Question 5.22: Critical temperature for carbon dioxide and methane are 31.1 °C and –81.9 °C respectively. Which of these has stronger intermolecular forces and why?

Ans:- Higher is the critical temperature of a gas, easier is its liquefaction. This means that the intermolecular forces of attraction between the molecules of a gas are directly proportional to its critical temperature. Hence, intermolecular forces of attraction are stronger in the case of CO2.

Question 5.23: Explain the physical significance of Van der Waals parameters.
Ans:- Physical significance of ‘a’:
‘a’ is a measure of the magnitude of intermolecular attractive forces within a gas.

Physical significance of ‘b’:
‘b’ is a measure of the volume of a gas molecule.

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FAQs on States of Matter (Old NCERT) NCERT Solutions - Chemistry Class 11 - NEET

1. What are the three states of matter?
Ans. The three states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas. Solids have a fixed shape and volume, liquids have a fixed volume but take the shape of the container, and gases have neither a fixed shape nor volume.
2. How do particles behave in each state of matter?
Ans. In the solid state, particles are closely packed together and vibrate about their fixed positions. In the liquid state, particles are still close together but are free to move around each other. In the gas state, particles are far apart and move randomly in all directions.
3. What is the difference between evaporation and boiling?
Ans. Evaporation occurs when a liquid changes to a gas at the surface of the liquid. It takes place at any temperature below the boiling point of the liquid. Boiling, on the other hand, occurs when a liquid changes to a gas throughout the liquid and at a specific temperature called the boiling point.
4. How does pressure affect the states of matter?
Ans. Pressure affects the states of matter by compressing the particles together to decrease the volume of a gas and increase the density of a liquid or solid. Increasing the pressure on a gas can cause it to condense into a liquid or solid, while decreasing the pressure on a liquid can cause it to evaporate into a gas.
5. What is the relationship between temperature and the states of matter?
Ans. Temperature affects the states of matter by increasing the kinetic energy of the particles in a substance. As the temperature increases, solids can melt into liquids and liquids can boil into gases. Conversely, as the temperature decreases, gases can condense into liquids and liquids can freeze into solids.
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