Classification | Logical Reasoning for CLAT PDF Download

Classification

The system of classification helps scientists in studying certain groups of organisms.

In these types of questions, the students are required to find out the ‘odd one’ out. The candidate is given five terms and out of those terms, one does not match with the others which is called ‘odd one’ in the group. The students are required to identify it on the basis of common trait observed in the other four terms.

TYPE – I

In this type of questions, a groups of letters is provided, in which you are required to select that group of letters as your answer, in which letters do not follow the same pattern as that of the other groups of letters. The letters in a group are arranged on the basis of relative distance between the two letters as in the English alphabet; In other words, certain number of letters are skipped between the two successive letters in the given group of letters. It will become more clear by comprehending the examples given below:

Example 1:  Four of the following five are alike on the basis of their position in English alphabet. Which is the one that does not belong to the group?

(a) WZT  
(b) KNH    
(c) RUQ    
(d) DGA         

The correct answer is option (c)                       

Solution:  

 

Question for Classification

Try yourself:Four of the following five are alike in a certain way with regard to their position in English alphabet. Which one does not belong to that group?

• A.

  IJK    
• B.

  ABC
• C.

  OPQ
• D.

  VWX

Explanation

All the options start with vowel like I, A, O, E but only 4th option start with V i.e. a consonant.

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Example 2: Four of the following five are alike in respect to their position in the English alphabet and hence form a group. Which one does not belong to that group?

(a) CFI
(b) UXA
(c) RUX
(d) SVZ    

The correct answer is option (d)                              

Solution:

But,
 ;                                  

Example 3: Four of the following five are alike in a certain way and hence form a group. Which is the one that does not belong the group?

(a) WHITE-IWEHT
(b) BLACK-ABKLC
(c) TYPES-PTSYE
(d) ABOUT-OATUB

The correct answer is option (d) 

Solution: In all the options first letter goes to 4^th position in new arrangement second letter goes to 4^th position in the new arrangement except in 4^th option because in this second letter goes to fifth position

TYPE – II

In this type, we have included such questions which contain some items which have certain common property and these type of questions are generally based on general knowledge. Here, you are required to find out the item which can not be grouped with other items for the lack of common property. It should be noted that the same item can be grouped differently in the different context. Therefore, the process of grouping depends much on the nature of the given items. Consider the following examples.

Four of the following five are alike in a certain way and so form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to that group?      

Example 4: 
(a) Earth
(b) Saturn
(c) Moon
(d) Sun 

The correct option is (c)  

Moon is the odd one because all others are  planets and Moon is a satellite.

Example 5:  
(a) Earth
(b) Saturn
(c) Moon
(d) Mars

The correct option is (c) 

Moon is the odd one because all others are planets and Moon is a satellite.

Question for Classification

Try yourself:Odd one out.

• A.

  Horse  
• B.

  Donkey
• C.

  Cow
• D.

  Dog

Explanation

Except dog, all other animals are herbivores.

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Example 6: 
(a) Novel
(b) Poetry
(c) Drama
(d) Literature

The correct option is (d) 

All others are different forms of literature.

Example 7:
(a) Gums    
(b) Arm                  
(c) Hand
(d) Tears

The correct option is (d) 

All other are parts of human body.

TYPE – III 

In this type of questions, the principle of Numeral Analogy has been applied. Out of the given numbers, one does not show similar property and that number is selected as the answer. The grouping of numbers can be done on the basis of following properties of number:

(a)  Prime Numbers                            
(b) Rational Numbers
(c) Irrational Numbers    
(d) Squares and Cubes

Now consider the following examples:

Four of the following five are alike in a certain way and so form a group. Which is the one that does not belong to that group?

Example 8:
(a) 21                    
(b) 51                    
(c) 63                                                    
(d) 23

The correct option is (d) 

Solution: 23 is a Prime Number. All other numbers are multiples of 3.

 21 = 3 ´ 7; 51 = 3 ´ 17      
63 = 3 ´ 21; 15 =  3 ´ 5          

Example 9:
(a) 117                  
(b) 74                    
(c) 153                                                  
(d) 108        

The correct option is (b) 

Solution: Except 74, all other numbers are completely divisible by 3 or 9.              

117 / 9 = 13 and 117 / 3 = 39

 153 / 9 = 17 and 153 / 3 = 51

108 / 9 = 12 and 99 / 3 = 33

        But, 74 / 9 = 8.22    and 74 / 3 = 24.6.