Q1: State whether the following statements regarding the Emergency are correct or incorrect.
(a) It was declared in 1975 by Indira Gandhi.
(b) It led to the suspension of all fundamental rights.
(c) It was proclaimed due to the deteriorating economic conditions.
(d) Many Opposition leaders were arrested during the emergency.
(e) CPI supported the proclamation of the Emergency.
Ans:
(a) Correct,
(b) Correct,
(c) Wrong,
(d) Correct,
(e) Correct.
Q2: Find the odd one out in the context of proclamation of Emergency.
(a) The call for ‘Total Revolution’.
(b) The Railway Strike of 1974
(c) The Naxalite Movement
(d) The Allahabad High Court verdict
(e) The findings of the Shah Commission Report
Ans: (c) The Naxalite Movement
Q3: Match the following:
Ans: (a)-(iii), (b)-(i), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iv).
Q4: What were the reasons which led to the mid-term elections in 1980?
Ans:
Q5: The Shah Commission was appointed in 1977 by the Janata Party Government. Why was it appointed and what were its findings?
Ans: The Shah commission was appointed in May 1977 by Janata Party government which was headed by J.C. Shah, retired chief justice of Supreme Court of India to look into the matters of:
Findings of Shah Commission:
Q6: What reasons did the Government give for declaring a National Emergency in 1975?
Ans: Emergency was proclaimed in response to petition filed by Raj Narain to declare Indira Gandhi’s election invalid.
(i) On June 25, 1975, the government declared the threat of internal disturbances to invoke Article 352 of constitution.
(ii) Article 352 can declare emergency on ground of either internal or external disturbances.
(iii) The government decided a grave crisis to be arisen to proclaim emergency to bring law and order, restore efficiency and implement pro-poor welfare programmes.
(iv) The President Fakhruddin Adi Ahmad proclaimed emergency which became the most controversial episode in Indian Politics.
Q7: The 1977 elections for the first time saw the Opposition coming into power at the Centre. What would you consider as the reasons for this development?
Ans: The 1977 elections were evolved as a shock to everyone as Congress party was defeated for the very first time and opposition party came into power:
Q8: Discuss the effects of Emergency on the following aspects of our polity.
(a) Effects on civil liberties for citizens.
(b) Impact on relationship between the Executive and Judiciary.
(c) Functioning of Mass Media.
(d) Working of Police and Bureaucracy.
Ans:
(a) Effects on Civil Liberties for Citizens:
(b) Impact on Relationship between the Executive and Judiciary:
(c) Functioning of Mass Media:
(d) Working of Police and Bureaucracy:
Refer Part (a) + (b) of the same question.
Q9: In what way did the imposition of Emergency affect the party system in India? Elaborate your answer with examples.
Ans:
Q10: Read the passage and answer the questions below:
“Indian democracy was never so close to a two-party system as it was during the 1977 elections. However, the next few years saw a complete change. Soon after its defeat, the Indian National
Congress split into two groups
The Janata Party also went
through major convulsions David
Butler, Ashok Lahiri and Prannoy Roy.
—Partha Chatterjee
(a) What made the party system in India look like a two-party system in 1977?
(b) Many more than two parties existed in 1977. Why then are the authors describing this period as close to a two-party system?
(c) What caused splits in Congress and the Janata Party?
Ans:
(a) The imposition of emergency in 1977 and political crisis made the party system in India look like a two-party system.
(b) Two parties existed in 1977 were Congress and non-Congress parties to be described as close to two party system because it ended the one party dominance and emerged Janata Party, umbrella of non¬Congress parties.
(c) Split in Congress: Congress splitted on the issues of presidential elections in 1969. Split in Janata Party: On tensions among three leaders Morarji Desai, Charan Singh and Jagjivan Ram for leadership in 1979.
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