Socio-economic Aspects - Population - UPSC MCQ

The theory of population is given by Malthus in this book. Frank Notenstein gave the theory of demographic transition.

According to the Malthusian theory, supply of food grains increase in arithmetic progression. The population grows in geometric progression.

He advocated ethical means to control population like self control, late marriage etc. he was against methods like abortion.

The theory that says the level of population at which per capita income is maximum is the Theory of optimum population.

According to the theory of demographic transition, in the first stage, birth rate and death rate both are high and the difference between them is quite low.

In the second stage, there is negligible decline in the birth rate. Hence the difference between birth and death rate increases.

In the second stage, there is negligible decline in the birth rate. Hence the difference between birth and death rate increases.

i. The third stage is characterized by declining birth rates, which eventually lead to declining growth rates. This occurs because, while death rates have already fallen in the second stage, birth rates begin to fall in the third stage. Therefore, the statement that the third stage is the period of declining growth rates is correct.

ii. The second stage of demographic transition is indeed marked by a rapid increase in population, known as a population explosion. This happens because the death rate drops significantly due to improvements in healthcare, sanitation, and food supply, while the birth rate remains high. Therefore, the statement about the second stage witnessing a population explosion is also correct.

Given this analysis, the correct answer is: Both are correct.

This is the population trend in India from 1891 onwards. It has slowly moved towards the declining growth rate period.

The birthrate of UP is the highest with 27.8 followed by Bihar with 27.7, MP with 26.9.

Odisha has the highest death rate of 8.5, MP with 8.2, Assam with 8 and UP with 7.9.

Kerala has the death rate of 7. West Bengal has the death rate of 6.2, Haryana with 6.5 and Bihar with 6.7.

Kerala has the lowest birth rate of 15.2, West Bengal with 6.2, Karnataka with 7.1 and Assam with 8.

Family planning was adopted as a measure to stabilize the population growth.

From third five year plan onwards, importance was given to family planning measures to stabilize the population growth.

From third five year plan onwards, importance was given to family planning measures to stabilize the population growth.

The 4th five year plan aimed at reducing birth rate from 39 per thousand to 29 in next 10 years.

Prior to the 1976 Population policy, government was just acting as a facilitator and family planning was a voluntary act.

The 2000 population policy has a long term objective of achieving a stable population by 2045. The policy has immediate, medium term and long term goals.

Along with the above objectives, it also aims at providing integrated services for basic reproductive and child health care.