Test: Sectors of the Indian Economy - 2 - UPSC MCQ

If farmers refuse to sell sugarcane to a particular sugar mill, the mill will have to shut down due to the lack of raw material for its operations.

The value of wheat can be calculated by multiplying the quantity sold by the price per unit. In this case, 10,000 kgs of wheat sold at Rs 20 per kg gives a total value of Rs 200,000.

• To determine the correctly matched pair, we need to classify each occupation into the appropriate economic sector:
• Option A: Tailor - Secondary sector: This is correct as tailors are involved in manufacturing clothes, which falls under the Secondary sector.
• Option B: Bee-keeper - Primary sector: This is correct as beekeeping is an agricultural activity, which is part of the Primary sector. Therefore, the correctly matched pair is
• Option C: Courier - Primary sector: This is incorrect. Courier services are part of the Tertiary sector as they provide a service.

The tertiary sector in India emerged as the largest producing sector in 2013-14, signifying a significant shift in the economy towards service-based activities over the years.

• Option A: Incorrect. Disguised unemployment refers to a situation where more people are employed than necessary, often in the agricultural sector, not specifically overemployment in the service sector.
• Option B: Correct. The primary sector continues to be the largest employer in India, employing more than half of the workers, but it produces only about one-sixth of the GDP.
• Option C: Incorrect. The tertiary sector is not the largest employer; it is the primary sector. The tertiary sector has seen significant growth in production but not as much in employment.
• Option D: Incorrect. The secondary sector is not producing the least GDP. It has seen growth in industrial output, but its employment growth has not matched the production increase.

• Assertion (A) is correct. Establishing industries in semi-rural areas can indeed offer jobs to a significant portion of the local populace.
• Reason (R) is also correct. Industries in such locations often leverage nearby resources and labor pools, bringing economic opportunities to rural areas. The Reason provides a logical explanation for why Assertion (A) is true, as it highlights how local resources and proximity to rural populations can enhance employment prospects.

• (a) Rabi Season - Kharif Crop - This is incorrect because Kharif crops are typically sown at the beginning of the monsoon season and harvested at the end of the monsoon, not during the Rabi season, which is the winter cropping season.
• (b) Underemployment - Working less than capable - This is correct. Underemployment occurs when individuals are working less than what they are capable of doing, which aligns with the definition provided in the content.
• (c) Dal Mill - Wheat Processing - This is incorrect because a dal mill processes pulses like arhar and chickpea, not wheat.
• (d) Cold Storage - Immediate Sale - This is incorrect because the purpose of cold storage is to store products like potatoes and onions so that they can be sold when the prices are favorable, not for immediate sale.

The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005 guarantees 100 days of employment annually to those who are able and in need of work in rural areas, aiming to provide job security and income support to the rural population.

• Option A: (a) MGNREGA 2005 - Right to Work - This is correctly matched. The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) 2005 is often referred to as the 'Right to Work' as it guarantees 100 days of employment to rural households, ensuring livelihood security.
• Option B: (b) Organised Sector - Daily wage labourer - This is incorrectly matched. Daily wage labourers typically work in the unorganised sector, where employment is not secure or regular, unlike the organised sector which offers regular employment with various benefits.
• Option C: (c) Unorganised Sector - Doctor in a hospital - This is incorrectly matched. Doctors in hospitals generally work in the organised sector, which provides formal employment with job security and benefits, unlike the unorganised sector.
• Option D: (d) Tertiary Sector - Farmer irrigating her field - This is incorrectly matched. A farmer irrigating her field is part of the primary sector (agriculture), not the tertiary sector, which includes services like education, healthcare, and banking. Therefore, the correctly matched pair is Option A: (a) MGNREGA 2005 - Right to Work.

The primary aim of classifying economic activities into different sectors is to analyze the patterns of total production and employment, enabling a better understanding of the economy's functioning and needs.

Small-scale industry workers often face irregular and low-paid work, highlighting the challenging and inconsistent nature of their employment within this sector.

• Option A: (a) Primary Sector - Construction
  This is incorrect. The primary sector includes activities related to natural resources, such as agriculture, fishing, and mining. Construction falls under the secondary sector, which involves manufacturing and building activities.
• Option B: (b) Secondary Sector - Manufacturing
  This is correct. The secondary sector encompasses all activities related to manufacturing and industry, including the production of goods in factories. Manufacturing is a key component of the secondary sector.
• Option C: (c) Tertiary Sector - Farming
  This is incorrect. The tertiary sector involves services such as retail, entertainment, financial services, and others. Farming is part of the primary sector since it involves the direct extraction of resources from nature.
• Option D: (d) Organised Sector - Street Vendors
  This is incorrect. The organised sector consists of established businesses and industries that are registered with the government and follow regulations regarding wages, work hours, and conditions. Street vendors typically belong to the unorganised sector, which lacks formal registration and regulation.
• Thus, the correctly matched pair is Option B: (b) Secondary Sector - Manufacturing.