People as Resource- 1 - UPSC Indian Economy Free MCQ Test with solutions

Option A: Primary Sector - Manufacturing
Incorrect: The primary sector includes activities related to natural resources such as agriculture, forestry, fishing, and mining. Manufacturing is part of the secondary sector, which involves processing raw materials into finished goods.

Option B: Secondary Sector - Fishing
Incorrect: The secondary sector comprises industries that produce a finished, usable product or are involved in construction. Fishing, being an extraction of natural resources, is part of the primary sector.

Option C: Tertiary Sector - Communication
Correct: The tertiary sector involves the provision of services rather than goods. Communication services (such as telecommunications) are a part of this sector.

Option D: Primary Sector - Banking
Incorrect: Banking falls under the tertiary sector, which provides services such as trade, transport, communication, and banking. The primary sector deals with natural resource extraction and agriculture.

By analyzing the sectors and their corresponding activities, it's clear that the correctly matched pair is "Tertiary Sector - Communication."

• Assertion (A): Human capital is considered superior to other resources like land and physical capital. This assertion is accurate because human capital can enhance the productivity of land and physical capital through its skills and knowledge.

• Reason (R): Human resource can make use of land and capital, while land and capital cannot become useful on their own. This reason correctly explains why human capital is considered superior. Without human capital to operate or utilize land and capital, these resources remain unproductive.

• Explanation: The reason effectively explains why human capital is viewed as superior—it is the human resource that can make land and capital productive. Thus, both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason accurately explains the assertion. Therefore, Option A is the correct choice.

• The Sarva Siksha Abhiyan initiative primarily aims at providing elementary education to all children in the age group of 6-14 years.
• This program is a time-bound effort led by the Central government in collaboration with states, local governments, and communities to achieve universalization of elementary education, emphasizing the importance of foundational learning for all young learners.

The correct statements about human capital formation are:

(i) It refers to the development of a country's human resources through education and health.
(ii) It leads to higher productivity and income due to improved training and health.
(iv) It contributes to the growth of the economy by enhancing the productive capacity of the country.

Explanation:

• (i) Correct → Human capital formation focuses on improving skills, knowledge, and health of the population.

• (ii) Correct → Better education and health lead to higher efficiency, productivity, and earnings.

• (iii) Incorrect → Human capital involves investment in people (education, health), not just physical capital (machinery, infrastructure).

• (iv) Correct → A skilled and healthy workforce boosts economic growth by increasing productivity.

Final Answer:

Correct statements: (i), (ii), and (iv)

Agriculture in India faces seasonal unemployment because work is available only during certain seasons. It also suffers from disguised unemployment, where more workers are engaged than actually required. Therefore, both types are commonly found in agricultural activities.

Market activities are those performed for pay or profit and are included in national income. Non-market activities are performed for self-consumption and are not included in national income calculations.

Each individual’s growth presents a varied range of problems and requirements because physical, mental, social and emotional changes affect individuals differently.

Education and skill are major determinants of earning in the market. Individuals with higher education and skill levels tend to earn more due to better access to economic opportunities and higher demand for their expertise.

Education improves the skills, knowledge, and efficiency of workers. As a result, they can perform better jobs, work more productively, and earn higher wages.

• The National Education Policy, 1986, primarily aims to cherish, nurture, and develop individuals as precious national resources that need to be cared for and developed with tenderness and dynamism.
• This policy emphasizes the positive asset of each human being and stresses the importance of education in facilitating individual growth with sensitivity.

Health is an indispensable basis for realizing one's well-being. Maintaining good health allows individuals to achieve a sense of overall wellness and quality of life.

• Human Capital Formation involves investment in education, training, and medical care
• This investment contributes significantly to the productive power of a country
• As a result, higher incomes are earned because of the increased productivity of more educated, better-trained, and healthier individuals
• However, it is not synonymous with physical capital formation, which involves investment in physical assets like machinery and buildings
• Thus, statements (i), (iii), and (iv) are correct

Assertion (A): True. Human capital (knowledge, skills, and health of individuals) is a critical factor in driving economic development. It boosts productivity, innovation, and overall economic growth.

Reason (R): True. Investment in education and training is one of the most effective ways to enhance the productivity of individuals by improving their skills, knowledge, and capabilities.

Explanation Link:The reason provided directly supports the assertion. Investing in education and training strengthens human capital, which in turn plays a significant role in economic development.

Therefore,Correct Answer- Option B

As per the Census of India 2011, Kerala had a literacy rate of about 94%, making Option A the correctly matched pair. The other options do not match the figures given in the NCERT text.

Option A: Investment in human capital - No return on investment
This statement is incorrect. Investment in human capital (through education, training, medical care) yields a return just like investment in physical capital. This return can be seen in the form of higher incomes earned due to higher productivity of the more educated or better-trained individuals, as well as the higher productivity of healthier people.

Option B: India's Green Revolution - Increased productivity of land resources
This statement is correct. India's Green Revolution is a dramatic example of how the input of greater knowledge in the form of improved production technologies can rapidly increase the productivity of scarce land resources.

Option C: Human capital formation - Physical capital formation
This statement is partially correct but misleading. Human capital formation refers to the process of increasing the productive capacities of people through education and health improvements, while physical capital formation refers to the accumulation of physical assets like machinery and buildings. While both are forms of capital formation, they are not the same.

Option D: Human resource - Non-productive skills
This statement is incorrect. Human resources refer to the working people in terms of their existing productive skills and abilities, emphasizing their ability to contribute to the creation of the Gross National Product. It is the positive side of a large population, often overlooked when considering only the problems of providing food, education, and health facilities.

Based on the analysis, the correctly matched pair is: Option B: India's Green Revolution - Increased productivity of land resources