Animal Bio-Diversity - 2 - UPSC MCQ

Explanation: The reproduction takes place by Asexual and Sexual methods. Examples of species using asexual method isOphidiastergranifer (one of the species of starfish) and Holothuriaparvula (Sea cucumber). Sexes are separate and fertilization is external. Oviparity is common, but a few echinoderms are viviparous.
Educational Objective: To know about the important species, and their unique features.

Explanation:
Assertion is correct and reason is the correct explanation of assertion. Amoeba is a unicellular animal. It reproduce by the process of asexual reproduction. Fission is one of the processes of asexual reproduction, where amoeba divides in half to produce off spring
Educational Objective: To know about the important species, and their unique features.

Explanation: The onager also known as hemione or Asiatic wild ass, is a species of the family Equidae (horse family) native to Asia. A member of the subgenus Asinus, the onager was described and given its binomial name by German zoologist Peter Simon Pallas in 1775.
The barasingha (Rucervusduvauceliisyn .Cervusduvaucelii), also called swamp deer, is a deer species distributed in the Indian subcontinent.
The chinkara (Gazellabennettii), also known as the Indian gazelle, is a gazelle species native to Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan and India.
Educational Objective: to know about the important species, and their unique features. 

Explanation: Marsupials are any members of the mammalian infraclass Marsupialia. All extant marsupials are endemic to Australasia and the Americas. A distinctive characteristic common to these species is that most of the young are carried in a pouch.
Educational Objective: To know about the important species, and their unique features.

Explanation: Tape worms are hermaphrodite (both male and female reproductive organ present).
Round worms are unisexual (separate sex).
Filaria is caused by Wuchereriabancrofti which is a parasitic nematode.
Guinea worm is a long and very thin nematode, not an annelid.
Educational Objective: To know about the important species, and their unique features. 

Explanation: A keystone species is a species that play a critical role in maintaining the structure of an ecological community and whose impact in the community is greater than world be expected based on its relative abundance or total biomass.
Educational Objective: to know about the important species, and their unique features. And ecological importance.

Explanation: Instead of lungs, insects breathe with a network of tiny tubes called tracheae. Air enters the tubes through a row of holes along an insect's abdomen. The air then diffuses down the blind-ended tracheae.
Educational Objective: to know about the important species, and their unique features.

Explanation: Sea cow is a mammal. It is a herbivore and it grows up to 9 meters. It looks like a large seal. Sea horse is a fish not a mammal. Sea lion is a mammal. It is a carnivore. It is also known as eared seal.
Educational Objective: to know about the important species, and their unique features.

Explanation: Pollinating agents are animals such as insects, birds, and bats; water; wind; and even plants themselves, when selfpollination occurs within a closed flower. Pollination often occurs within a species. When pollination occurs between species it can produce hybrid offspring in nature and in plant breeding work.
Educational Objective: To know about the biodiversity.

Explanation: IUCN is a voluntary organization, not an agency of United Nations. Even if you knew this much, you could eliminate all other options to select B. Some facts about IUCN: Founded in 1948 as the world’s first global environmental organisation Today the largest professional global conservation network A leading authority on the environment and sustainable development More than 1,200 member organizations including 200+ government and 900+ nongovernment organizations A neutral forum for governments, NGOs, scientists, business and local communities to find practical solutions to conservation and development challenges Thousands of field projects and activities around the world CITES was drafted as a result of a resolution adopted in 1963 at a meeting of members of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). States (countries) adhere voluntarily to the agreement. Statesthat have agreed to be bound by the Convention (‘joined’ CITES) are known as Parties.
Although CITES is legally binding on the Parties – in other words they have to implement the Convention – it does not take the place of national laws. Rather it provides a framework to be respected by each Party, which has to adopt its own domestic legislation to ensure that CITES is implemented at the national level.
Educational Objective: To know about the international organizations, their environmental initiatives and their work towards conservation.

Explanation: IUCN is an NGO. It publishes Red data book which contains a list of ‘Threatened species’ (vulnerable, endangered and critically endangered).
Educational Objective: To know about the international organizations, their environmental initiatives and their work towards conservation.

Explanation: Red Panda and Asiatic Wild Ass, are endangered species.
Educational Objective: To know about the different types of species and their conservation status.

Explanation: Gharial
Critically Endangered— IUCN Red List Gharials once inhabited all the major river systems of the Indian Subcontinent, from the Irrawaddy River in the east to the Indus River in the west. Their distribution is now limited to only 2% of their former range. It now includes Girwa River, Chambal River, Ken River, Son River, Mahanadi River etc., Leatherback sea turtle
It is listed in Vulnerable category of IUCN and also in CITES Appendix I species.
It is the largest of all living turtles. They can be found primarily in the open ocean and nesting areas are in the tropics.
Swamp Deer or Barasingha It is listed in Vulnerable (VU) Category – IUCN. It is the State animal of Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh.
They prefer tall grasslands and open habitats. They found in swampland and a variety of forest types ranging from dry to moist deciduous to evergreen. They also found in grassy floodplains, wooded areas, and found near water bodies Their Range includes central and northern India and southern Nepal
Educational Objective: To know about Biodiversity of India, their range and IUCN status.

Explanation:

Educational Objective: To know about the methods of conservation of flora.

Explanation: The android-based monitoring software M-STrIPES will be used across all the Tiger Reserves of the country.
Educational Objective: Initiatives, and technology usage in the conservation of wildlife.

Explanation: The Partnership for Action on Green Economy (PAGE), a UN mechanism to assist countries transition towards greener and more inclusive economies and to deliver a more coordinated and effective response to member state initiatives, emerged at the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development 2012, Rio de Janeiro.
Educational Objective: To know about the international organizations, their environmental initiatives and their work towards conservation.

Explanation: Agenda 21 is a non-binding, voluntarily implemented action plan of the United Nations with regard to sustainable development.
It is a product of the Earth Summit (UN Conference on Environment and Development) held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1992.
Educational Objective: to know about the international organizations, their environmental initiatives and their work towards conservation.

Explanation: Club of Rome talked about “limits to growth. The Sustainable Development Goals were first proposed in 2012 Rio plus 20
Educational Objective: To know about the international environmental initiatives And their work towards conservation.

Explanation: Earth Hour is a worldwide movement for the planet organized by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF). The event is held worldwide annually encouraging individuals, communities, households and businesses to turn off their non-essential lights for one hour, from 8:30 to 9:30 p.m. to raise the awareness about the climate change and the need to save the planet.
Educational Objective: To know about the international environmental initiatives. And their work towards conservation.

Explanation: It is a NGO, not a bureau under UNEP. TRAFFIC is governed by the TRAFFIC Committee, a steering group composed of members of TRAFFIC’s partner organizations, WWF and IUCN. It is working globally on Wildlife trade monitoring network.
It specializes in investigating and analysing wildlife trade trends, patterns, impacts and drivers to provide the leading knowledge base on trade in wild animals and plants.
Educational Objective: to know about the international environmental initiatives.

Explanation: The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB) is a global initiative focused on “making nature’s values visible”. Its principal objective is to mainstream the values of biodiversity and ecosystem services into decision-making at all levels. It aims to achieve this goal by following a structured approach to valuation that helps decision-makers recognize the wide range of benefits provided by ecosystems and biodiversity, demonstrate their values in economic terms and, where appropriate, capture those values in decisionmaking.
Educational Objective: To know about the international environmental initiatives.

Explanation:
Bird Life international is a global partnership of conservation organisations that strives to conserve birds, their habitats and global biodiversity, working with people towards sustainability in the use of natural resources. It is the World’s largest partnership of conservation organisations, with over 120 partner organizations 120 partner organizations. Together the BirdLife Partnership forms the leading authority on the status of birds, their habitats & the issues and problems affecting bird life.
BirdLife’s Important Bird and Biodiversity Area (IBA) Programme aims to identify, monitor and protect a global network of IBAs for the conservation of the world’s birds and other wildlife.
Educational Objective: to know about the international environmental organizations.

Explanation: The saltwater crocodile (Crocodylusporosus) is a common species throughout the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. It can be encountered in open sea, near the shore, mangrove creeks, fresh water rivers and in swamps.
The great Himalayan range has a very interesting variety of fauna that includes the wild sheep and goats, markhor, ibex, shrew and tapir.
Tapirs are mainly found in America, though there are species in Southeast Asia (Malay).
The saltwater crocodile has been listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List since 1996.
It was hunted for its skin throughout its range up to the 1970s, and is threatened by illegal killing and habitat loss.
Educational Objective: To know about the different types of species.

Breast Bone The sternum or breastbone is a long flat bone located in the central part of the chest. It connects to the ribs via cartilage and forms the front of the rib cage, thus helping to protect the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels from injury.
Collarbone: The clavicle, or collarbone, is a long bone that serves as a strut between the shoulder blade and the sternum (breastbone). There are two clavicles, one on the left and one on the right. The clavicle is the only long bone in the body that lies horizontally.
Shoulderblade: The scapula, or shoulder blade, is a large triangular-shaped bone that lies in the upper back
Kneecap: The patella, also known as the kneecap, is a flat, circular-triangular bone which articulates with the femur (thigh bone) and covers and protects the anterior articular surface of the knee joint.
Educational Objective: To know about various important bones in the Human body.