Test: Class 7 Geography NCERT Based - 4 - UPSC MCQ

• The strength of the earthquake decreases away from the epicenter. Although earthquakes can not be predicted, the impact can certainly be minimized if it is prepared before-hand.

• Some common earthquake prediction methods like- studying animal behaviour, fish in the pond get agitated and snakes come to the surface are adopted by people.

• Tsunami is a Japanese word that means “harbour waves” as the harbours get destroyed whenever there is a tsunami.

• An earthquake /volcanic eruption or underwater landslides can shift large amounts of ocean water.

• As a result, a huge tidal wave called tsunami, that may be as high as 15 mtr is formed.

• Tsunamis are rare in the Indian ocean as the seismic activity is less as compared to the Pacific ocean.

• The tsunami that ravaged the South and Southeast Asian coasts in December 2004, is the most devastating tsunami in the last several hundred years.

• The Indira Point in Andaman and Nicobar islands got submerged after the tsunami.

• Two processes: Weathering and Erosion are continuously wearing away the landscape.

• Weathering is the breaking up of the rocks on the earth's surface. Erosion is the wearing away of the landscape by different agents like wind, water etc. The eroded material is carried away and transported by wind, water etc. and eventually deposited. These processes of erosion and deposition create different landforms on the surface.

• Slash and burn away of cultivation of land where farmers clear a piece of land by cutting or slashing down trees and bushes.

• These are then burnt, which release the nutrient into the soil. And crops are grown in this cleared field for a few years.

• After repeatedly using the patch of land, the soil loses its nutrients. So it is abandoned. Their staple food is manioc, also known as cassava that grows under the ground like the potato.

• As the river enters the plain, it twists and forms large bends known as meanders.

• Due to continuous erosion and deposition along the sides of meanders, the meander loops' ends come closer and closer.

• Due to time, the loop cut off from the river and formed a cut-off lake called an ox-bow lake. The raised banks in the floodplain are called levees.

• Following are the warm currents: 1. North Pacific drift 2. Caribbean Current 3. Gulf Stream 4. Brazilian Current 5. Agulhas Current

• Following are the cold currents: 1. Californian Current 2. Humboldt Current 3. Falkland Current 4. Canary Current 5. Benguela Current

• Wind erodes the lower section of the rock more than the upper section. Therefore such rock has a narrower base and wide top and thus it is called Mushroom Rock.

• When the wind blows, it lifts and transports sand from one place to another. When it stops blowing, the sand falls and gets deposited in the form of a low hill-like structure called dunes.

• When the sand particles are wonderful and light, the wind can carry it over long distances and deposit in large areas; it is called loess. Large deposits of loess are found in China.

• Natural vegetation is generally classified into three broad categories as follows: 1. Forests grow where temperature and rainfall are plentiful to support a tree cover. 2. Grasslands grow in the region of moderate rain. 3. Thorny shrubs and scrubs grow in the dry region.

In West Bengal and Assam tea is grown in plantations. Tea gardens in these areas are very famous for their natural beauty. Silk is produced through the cultivation of the silkworm in parts of Bihar and Assam. The banana plantation is also seen in some areas of the plain of the Ganga -Brahmaputra basin.

• Tropical evergreen forests occur in the regions near the equator and close to the tropics. Tropical deciduous is the monsoon forests found in the large part of India, northern Australia and in Central America.

• The tropical evergreen forest in Brazil is so enormous that it is like the lungs of the earth. Anaconda, one of the world's largest snakes is found in the tropical rainforest.

• Oxygen is the second most plentiful gas in the atmosphere. Living beings take oxygen from the air as they breathe.

• Green plants produce oxygen during photosynthesis. In this way, oxygen content in the air remains constant.

• If we cut trees, then this balance gets disturbed. When we inhale, we take some amount of nitrogen into their lungs and exhale it. But plants need nitrogen for their survival and do not produce it during photosynthesis.

• The temperate evergreen forests are located in the mid -latitudinal coastal region They are commonly found along the eastern margin of the continents i.e. South East USA South China South-East Brazil They comprise both hard and softwood trees like oak, pine eucalyptus etc.

• Our atmosphere divided into five layers starting from the earth surface. These are

• 1. Troposphere: Most important layer, 15 km

• 2. Stratosphere: 50 km

• 3. Mesosphere: 80 km

• 4. Thermosphere: 400 km

• 5. Exosphere: Uppermost layer

• In the fresh waters of the river Ganga and Brahmaputra, a variety of dolphin locally called susu is found . Susu is called blind dolphin.

• The presence of susu is an indication of the health of the river. The untreated industrial and urban wastes with high amounts of chemicals are killing this species.

• Mediterranean regions are known as 'orchards of the world' for their fruit cultivation. Citric fruits are commonly cultivated here.

• These are as follows 1.Oranges 2.Figs 3.Olives 4.Grapes Mediterranean trees adapt themselves to dry summers with the help of their barks and wax-coated leaves which help them reduce transpiration. There is not much wildlife here.

• The place, people, things and nature that surround any living organism are components of the environment. It is a combination of natural and human-made phenomena.

• Natural phenomena: land, air, water and living beings Human-made phenomena: Building, parks, monuments etc. Human: Individual, family community, religion, education etc.

• The lithosphere is one of the components of environment Others are hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere.

• It is an irregular surface with various landforms such as mountains, plateaus, valleys, plains etc.

• The domain provides us forests, grasslands for grazing, and land for agriculture and human settlements.

The correct matching of the given pairs are following:

1. Thermometer : Temperature

2. Rain Gauge : Amount of rainfall

3. Barometer : Atmospheric Pressure

4. WindVane : Direction of wind Anemometer is the device used to measure the speed of the winds.

The pressure exerted by the weight of the air on the earth's surface is known as air pressure. On the moon, there is no air and hence no air pressure.

• Astronauts have to wear special protective space suits filled with air when they go to the moon. Air presses our body from all directions and our body exerts a counter pressure.