Test: Class 8 History NCERT Based- 4 - UPSC MCQ

All are correct. In many villages, headmen who had been forced to sign indigo contracts mobilised the indigo peasants and fought pitched battles with the lathiyals. In other places, even the zamindars went around villages urging the ryots to resist the planters. These zamindars were unhappy with the increasing power of the planters and angry at being forced by the planters to give them land on long leases.

• Wood’s Despatch argued that European learning would improve the moral character of Indians. It would make them truthful and honest, and thus supply the Company with civil servants who could be trusted and depended upon. The literature of the East was not only full of grave errors.

• Following the 1854 Despatch, several measures were introduced by the British. Education departments of the government were set up to extend control over all matters regarding education.

• Shah Alam II was the Mughal emperor who appointed the East India Company as the diwan of Bengal on 12 August 1765. This was done as a part of the "Treaty of Allahabad".

• This treaty was signed after the combined forces of "Shah Alam II", "Nawab of Bengal" and "Nawab of Awadh" were defeated in the Battle of Buxar. As per the treaty, the "East India Company" got the "rights to collect taxes" from the "east province of Bengal.

• Sepoys mutinied in several places beginning from Meerut. On 29 March 1857, a young soldier, Mangal Pandey, was hanged to death for attacking his officers in Barrackpore.

• Most Smaller rulers and chieftains controlled different territories on behalf of the Mughal ruler.

• Threatened by the expansion of British rule, many of them felt that if the Mughal emperor could rule again, they too would be able to rule their territories once more, under Mughal authority.

• Sepoys of the regiment at Meerut refused to do the army drill using the new cartridges which were suspected of being coated with the fat of cows and pigs.

• William Carey was a Scottish missionary who helped establish the Serampore Mission.

• William Jones discovered that his interests were shared by many British officials living in Calcutta at the time. Englishmen like Henry Thomas Colebrooke and Nathaniel Halhed were also busy discovering the ancient Indian heritage, mastering Indian languages and translating Sanskrit and Persian works into English.

• Together with them, Jones set up the Asiatic Society of Bengal and started a journal called Asiatic Researches. James Mill was one of those who attacked the Orientalists. The British effort, he declared, should not be to teach what the natives wanted, or what they respected, to please them and “win a place in their heart”. The aim of education ought to be to teach what was useful and practical. James mill was not an orientalist.

• In 1911, when King George V was crowned in England, a Durbar was held in Delhi to celebrate the occasion.

• The decision to shift the capital of India from Calcutta to Delhi was announced at this Durbar.

• In 1877, Viceroy Lytton organised a Durbar to acknowledge Queen Victoria as the Empress of India. In Madras, Bombay or Calcutta, the living spaces of Indians and the British were sharply separated.

• By the beginning of the nineteenth century, English made cotton textiles successfully ousted Indian goods from their traditional markets in Africa, America and Europe. By the 1830s British cotton cloth flooded Indian markets.

• In fact, by the 1880s two-thirds of all the cotton clothes worn by Indians were made of cloth produced in Britain. Handloom weaving did not completely die in India. This was because some types of cloth could not be supplied by machines.

• In March 1859 thousands of ryots in Bengal refused to grow indigo. As the rebellion spread, ryots refused to pay rents to the planters and attacked indigo factories armed with swords and spears, bows and arrows.

• Women turned up to fight with pots, pans and kitchen implements. After the revolt, indigo production collapsed in Bengal. But the planters now shifted their operation to Bihar.

Some of the new rules, moreover, violated their religious sensibilities and beliefs

• From the last decades of the eighteenth century Indigo Cultivation in Bengal expanded rapidly and Bengal indigo came to dominate the world market.

• In 1788 only about 30 per cent of the indigo imported into Britain was from India. By 1810, the proportion had gone up to 95 per cent. There were two main systems of indigo cultivation – nij and ryoti.

• Within the system of nij cultivation, the planter produced indigo in lands that he directly controlled. He either bought the land or rented it from other zamindars and produced indigo by directly employing hired labourers. Under the ryot system, planters forced cultivators to sign an agreement.

• Rabindranath Tagore was not critical of the element of western civilization in Education. In many senses, Tagore and Mahatma Gandhi thought about education in similar ways.

• There were, however, differences too. Gandhiji was highly critical of Western civilisation and its worship of machines and technology.

• Tagore wanted to combine elements of modern western civilisation with what he saw as the best within the Indian tradition. He emphasised the need to teach science and technology at Santiniketan, along with art, music and dance.

• The first cotton mill in India was set up as a spinning mill in Bombay in 1854. From the early nineteenth century, Bombay had grown as an important port for the export of raw cotton from India to England and China.

• When Mahatma Gandhi returned from South Africa, a peasant from Bihar persuaded him to visit Champaran and see the plight of the indigo cultivators there.

• Mahatma Gandhi’s visit in 1917 marked the beginning of the Champaran movement against the indigo planters.

• Secretary of State for India and made responsible for all matters related to the governance of India. He was a member of the British cabinet. He was given a council to advise him, called the India Council. The Governor-General of India was given the title of Viceroy, that is, a personal representative of the Crown.

• The local ruling chief was allowed to pass on their kingdoms to their heirs, including adopted sons. However, they were made to acknowledge the British Queen as their Sovereign Paramount. Thus the Indian rulers were to hold their kingdoms as subordinates of the British Crown

• Henry Thomas Colebrooke was a scholar of Sanskrit and ancient sacred writings of Hinduism.

• Orientalists are those with a scholarly knowledge of the language and culture of Asia.

• The sword of Tipu sultan was the incredibly hard and sharp edge that could easily rip through the opponent's armour.

• The quality of the sword came from a special type of high carbon steel called Wootz which was produced all over south India.