Test: Class 10 General Science NCERT Based - 4 - UPSC MCQ

The slurry left behind in a bio-gas plant is removed periodically and used as excellent manure, rich in nitrogen and phosphorus.

Denmark is called the country of ‘winds’. More than 25% of their electricity needs are generated through a vast network of windmills. In terms of total output, Germany is the leader, while India is ranked fifth in harnessing wind energy for the production of electricity.

• The water at the surface of the sea or ocean is heated by the Sun while the water in deeper sections is relatively cold. This difference in temperature is exploited to obtain energy in ocean-thermal energy conversion plants.

• These plants can operate if the temperature difference between the water at the surface and water at depths up to 2 km is 293 K (20°C) or more. The warm surface-water is used to boil a volatile liquid like ammonia.

• The vapours of the liquid are then used to run the turbine of the generator. The cold water from the depth of the ocean is pumped up and condenses vapour again to liquid.

Nuclear power reactors located at Tarapur (Maharashtra), Rana Pratap Sagar (Rajasthan), Kalpakkam (Tamil Nadu), Narora (UP), Kakrapar (Gujarat) and Kaiga (Karnataka) have the installed capacity of less than 3% of the total electricity generation capacity of our country.

• Fusion means joining lighter nuclei to make a heavier nucleus, most commonly hydrogen isotopes are added together to create Helium. It releases a tremendous amount of energy, according to the Einstein equation, as the mass of the product is little less than the sum of the masses of the original individual nuclei.

• Such nuclear fusion reactions are the source of energy in the Sun and other stars. It takes considerable energy to force the nuclei to fuse. The conditions needed for this process are extreme – millions of degrees of temperature and millions of pascals of pressure.

All the Biotic Components in an area together with the abiotic constituents of the environment form an ecosystem. Biotic components comprising living organisms and abiotic components comprising physical factors like temperature, rainfall, wind, soil and minerals

• When green plants are eaten by primary consumers, a great deal of energy is lost as heat to the environment, some amount goes into digestion and in doing work and the rest goes towards growth and reproduction.

• An average of 10% of the food eaten is turned into its own body and made available for the next level of consumers.Therefore, 10% can be taken as the average value for the amount of organic matter that is present at each step and reaches the next level of consumers.

• The chemicals which are used to protect the crops from pests are either washed down into the soil or into the water bodies. From the soil, these are absorbed by the plants along with water and minerals, and from the water bodies these are taken up by aquatic plants and animals. Thus they enter the food chain. As these chemicals are not degradable, these get accumulated progressively at each trophic level.

• As Human beings occupy the top level in any food chain, the maximum concentration of these chemicals get accumulated in our bodies. This phenomenon is known as Biological Magnification.

• Hydrogen bomb is based on the 'nuclear fusion' technology. In order to release more energy, atoms have been fused together in the making of H-Bomb.Hydrogen Bombs use fusion, the same way that powers the Sun or any other star.

• Isotopes of hydrogen are forced together to release a much bigger blast — hundred times powerful than the nuclear weapon that has been used in warfare.

• The Ganga Action Plan was a multi-crore project which came about in 1985 because the quality of the water in the Ganga was very poor. The Ganga runs its course of over 2500 km from Gangotri in the Himalayas to Ganga Sagar in the Bay of Bengal.

• It is being turned into a drain by more than a hundred towns and cities in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal that pour their garbage and excreta into it. Largely untreated sewage is dumped into the Ganges every day.

• In addition, pollution is caused by other human activities like bathing, washing of clothes and immersion of ashes or unburnt corpses. And then, industries contribute chemical effluents to the Ganga pollution load and the toxicity kills fish in large sections of the river.

The Government of India instituted an ‘Amrita Devi Bishnoi National Award for Wildlife Conservation’ in the memory of Amrita Devi Bishnoi, who in 1731 sacrificed her life along with 363 others for the protection of ‘khejri’ trees in Khejarli village near Jodhpur in Rajasthan.

 

 

Water harvesting is an age-old concept in India. Khadins, tanks and nadis in Rajasthan, Bandharas and Tals in Maharashtra, Bundhis in Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh, Ahars and Pynes in Bihar, Kulhs in Himachal Pradesh, Ponds in the Kandi Belt of Jammu region, Eris (tanks) in Tamil Nadu, Surangams in Kerala, Kattas in Karnataka are some of the ancient water harvesting, including water conveyance, structures still in use today.

Process of afforestation does not lead to the depletion of groundwater.

The correct option that includes acts related to the three R's strategy which can be useful for conserving our natural resources is option D: Reduce, recycle, reuse. Let's break down each of these actions:
1. Reduce:
- This refers to minimizing the consumption of resources by using them more efficiently and responsibly.
- It involves using less energy, water, and other raw materials in our daily lives.
- Some examples include using energy-efficient appliances, turning off lights when not in use, and opting for digital documents instead of printing.
2. Recycle:
- Recycling involves the process of converting waste materials into new products.
- It helps to reduce the extraction of raw materials and the amount of waste sent to landfills.
- Examples include recycling paper, plastic, glass, and metal through designated recycling programs.
3. Reuse:
- Reusing means finding new ways to use an item instead of throwing it away after a single use.
- It helps to extend the lifespan of products and reduce the need for new production.
- Examples include using reusable water bottles, shopping bags, and donating or repurposing old items instead of discarding them.
By following the three R's strategy of reduce, recycle, and reuse, we can contribute towards conserving our natural resources and minimizing waste generation.

• The Sustainable Development Goals agenda was accepted by all members of the United Nations in 2012 at the Rio De Janeiro Council Meet with an aim to promote a healthy and developed future of the planet and its people.

• It was in 2015 when the Sustainable Development Goals were implemented after a successful fifteen-year plan of development called the Millennium Development Goals. It is a group of 17 goals with 169 targets and 304 indicators, as proposed by the United Nation General Assembly’s Open Working Group on Sustainable Development Goals to be achieved by 2030.

• Post negotiations, an agenda titled “Transforming Our World: the 2030 agenda for Sustainable Development” was adopted at the United Nations Sustainable Development Summit. SDGs is the outcome of the Rio+20 conference (2012) held in Rio De Janeiro and is a non-binding document.