Class 11 Polity NCERT Based-1 - UPSC Based Tests Free MCQ Test with solutions

• The Constitution itself cannot ensure that the good people come to power .For example, Indian Constitution has authorized the Parliament to determine the procedure for election to the Loksabha, Rajya Sabha and Legislative chambers of States & UTs.

• Since the existing provisions of Representation of Peoples Act are not foolproof, a significant percentage of legislators of the present day are with criminal records. Constitutional norms provide the overarching framework within which one pursues individual aspirations, goals and freedoms.

• For instance, the Preamble of Indian constitution broadly reflects this framework. One may have many identities prior to the Constitution.

• But by agreeing to certain basic norms and principles prescribed by the Constitution, one constitutes one's basic political identity. However, the Constitution also sets authoritative Constraints upon what one may or may not do. It defines the fundamental values that one may not trespass. So the Constitution also gives MORAL Identity.

The Constitution of India holds a significant place in the history of Indian democracy. It was drafted by the Constituent Assembly of India, which was established in 1946. The drafting committee consisted of eminent leaders and scholars, including Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, who played a crucial role in shaping the constitution.

The decision to adopt English as the language for drafting and enacting the constitution was made due to several reasons:

• Historical Context: English had been the language of administration during the British colonial rule in India. It was widely used by the educated elites, and a considerable amount of legal and administrative work was conducted in English.


• Accessibility: English was understood and spoken by a large number of people across the diverse linguistic and cultural landscape of India. It provided a common medium of communication for the members of the Constituent Assembly, who hailed from various linguistic backgrounds.


• Continuity: Since the constitution aimed to build upon the existing legal framework and institutions, using English ensured continuity with the British legal system, which was primarily conducted in English.


• International Influence: English is widely recognized as a global language and is frequently used in international diplomacy and legal proceedings. By drafting the constitution in English, India aimed to showcase its commitment to democratic principles and engage with the international community.

Even though English was the primary language used during the drafting process, it is important to note that the constitution is officially bilingual. The original text of the constitution is in English, but an authoritative Hindi translation is also available.

Overall, the choice to draft the Constitution of India in English was a pragmatic decision that ensured accessibility, continuity, and international recognition.

• Nandalal Bose (1882-1966) was one of the pioneers of modern Indian art and a key figure of Contextual Modernism.

• A pupil of Abanindranath Tagore, Bose was known for his “Indian style” of painting. He was influenced by the Tagore family and the murals of Ajanta; his classic works include paintings of scenes from Indian mythologies, women, and village life.

• He was also famously asked by Jawaharlal Nehru to sketch the emblems for the Government of India’s awards, including the Bharat Ratna and the Padma Shri. Along with his students, Nandala Bose took up the historic task of beautifying /decorating the original manuscript of the Constitution of India.

• The Constituent Assembly (elected for an undivided India) met for the first time on 9 December 1946, reassembling on 14 August 1947 as a sovereign body and successor to the British parliament’s authority in India. As a result of the partition, under the Mountbatten plan a separate constituent assembly was established in Pakistan on 3 June 1947.

• The representatives of the areas incorporated into Pakistan ceased to be members of the Constituent Assembly of India. New elections were held for West Punjab and East Bengal; the membership of the Constituent Assembly was 299 after the reorganization, and it met on 31 December 1947.

• The Constituent Assembly was established while India was under British rule, following negotiations between Indian leaders and members of the 1946 Cabinet Mission to India from the United Kingdom.

• Provincial assembly elections were held early in 1946. Constituent Assembly members were elected indirectly by members of the newly elected provincial assemblies, and initially included representatives for those provinces which formed part of Pakistan . The Constituent Assembly had 299 representatives, including nine women.

13 December 1946 is the date on which Jawaharlal Nehru moved the Objectives Resolution in the Constituent Assembly.

The Constituent Assembly later adopted the Constitution on 26 November 1949, and the Constitution came into force on 26 January 1950.

Hence, among the given choices, December 13, 1946 is the correct answer because that is the date the Objectives Resolution was moved.

• These are the bodies which are mentioned in the constitution of India and so considered as more powerful and independent. For example, the Election Commission of India is mentioned in Article.

• Its mandate and power are mentioned in the constitution itself as a result it has a large degree of autonomy. Under Article 324(1) of the Constitution of India, the Election Commission of India, interalia, is vested with the power of superintendence, direction and control of conducting various elections.

• Even the Supreme Court of India has held that where the enacted laws are silent or make insufficient provision to deal with a given situation in the conduct of elections, the Election Commission has the residuary powers under the Constitution to act in an appropriate manner.

• Proportional representation: electoral system that seeks to create a representative body that reflects the overall distribution of public support for each political party.

• Where majority or plurality systems effectively reward strong parties and penalize weak ones by providing the representation of a whole constituency to a single candidate who may have received fewer than half of the votes cast (as is the case, for example, in the United States), proportional representation ensures minority groups a measure of representation proportionate to their electoral support.

• Delimitation literally means the act or process of fixing limits or boundaries of territorial constituencies in a country or a province having a legislative body.

• In India, such Delimitation Commissions have been constituted 4 times - in 1952 under the Delimitation Commission Act, 1952, in 1963 under Delimitation Commission Act, 1962, in 1973 under Delimitation Act, 1972 and in 2002 under Delimitation Act, 2002.

• Under Article 82 of the Constitution, the Parliament by law enacts a Delimitation Act after every census. After coming into force at the commencement of the Act, the Central Government constituted a Delimitation Commission.

• The Delimitation Commission is appointed by the President of India and works in Collaboration with the Election Commission of India.

• It is appointed for the purpose of drawing up the boundaries of Constituencies all over the Country.

• After drawing the boundaries, the Delimitation Commission looks at the composition of population in each constituency. Those constituencies that have the highest proportion of Scheduled Tribe population are reserved for ST.

• In the case of Scheduled Castes, the Delimitation Commission looks at two things. It picks constituencies that have a higher proportion of the Scheduled Caste population. But it also spreads these constituencies in different regions of the State.

• In many countries constitutions remain defunct because they are crafted by military leaders or leaders who are not popular and do not have the ability to carry the people with them.

• The most successful constitutions, like India, South Africa and the United States, are Constitutions which were created by the leaders who enjoyed immense public credibility. Therefore, the authority of people who enact the Constitution helps determine in part its prospects for success.

• Substantive provisions determine if the Constitution gives everyone in the society some reason to abide by the constitution. If any group feels that their identity is being stifled, they will have no reason to go along with the Constitution.

• Hence the substantive provisions like LIBERTY, JUSTICE etc. play a larger role in the effectiveness of the Constitution.

• The chief election commissioner and the two other election commissioners have equal powers and receive equal salary, allowances and other perquisites.

• In case of difference of opinion amongst the Chief Election Commissioner and/or two other election commissioners, the matter is decided by the Commission by majority. Only the chief election commissioner is provided with the security of tenure.

• Election commissioners can be removed from office on the recommendation of the chief election commissioner.

1. ECI is responsible for a free and reasonable election

2. It ensures that political parties and candidates adhere to the Model Code of Conduct

3. Regulates parties and registers them as per eligibility to contest in elections

4. Proposes the limit of campaign expenditure per candidate to all parties and monitors the same.

5. It is mandatory for all political parties to submit annual reports to the ECI in order to be able to claim the tax benefit on the contributions.

6. Guarantees that all political parties regularly submit audited financial reports.

The main duties of the Election Commission are:

1. Supervise, control and conduct all elections to Parliament and State Legislatures

2. Set general rules for election.

3. Prepare electoral rolls

4. Determine territorial distribution of constituencies

5. Give credit to political parties.

6. Allot election symbols to political parties or candidates

7. Appoint tribunals for the decision of doubts and disputes arising out of an election to Parliament and State Legislatures.