General Questions & Current Affairs - 3 - CLAT MCQ

Passage - 1

The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy hosted the second Assembly of International Solar Alliance (ISA) on 30 and 31 October 2019 New Delhi. International Solar Alliance (ISA) was launched at the United Nations Climate Change Conference in [1] on 30th November, 2015 by Mr. Narendra Modi, Hon'ble Prime Minister of India and Mr. Frangois Hollande former President of France, in the presence of H.E. Mr. Ban Ki Moon, the then Secretary General of the United Nations. The International Solar Alliance is the first international treaty- based organization headquartered in [2].
International Solar Alliance (ISA) is a coalition of solar resource rich countries lying [3] to specifically address energy needs by harnessing solar energy. The Alliance aims to provide a platform for prospective member countries to collaborate and address the identified gaps through a common agreed approach. ISA has been envisioned as a dedicated platform that aims to contribute towards the common goal of increasing utilization and promote solar energy and solar applications in the prospective member countries to help the world transform to a [4].
The ISA has set a target of 1 Terrawatt (TW) of solar energy by 2030, which would require $1 trillion to achieve. India has set an ambitious target of [5] GW of renewable energy capacity by 2022, which includes 100 Gigawatts (GW) of solar and 60 GW of wind energy.

Q. The International Solar Alliance (ISA) aims to contribute towards the common goal of increasing utilization and promote solar energy and solar applications in the prospective member countries to help the world transform to a [4]. What is redacted with [4] in the passage above?

Passage - 1

The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy hosted the second Assembly of International Solar Alliance (ISA) on 30 and 31 October 2019 New Delhi. International Solar Alliance (ISA) was launched at the United Nations Climate Change Conference in [1] on 30th November, 2015 by Mr. Narendra Modi, Hon'ble Prime Minister of India and Mr. Frangois Hollande former President of France, in the presence of H.E. Mr. Ban Ki Moon, the then Secretary General of the United Nations. The International Solar Alliance is the first international treaty- based organization headquartered in [2].
International Solar Alliance (ISA) is a coalition of solar resource rich countries lying [3] to specifically address energy needs by harnessing solar energy. The Alliance aims to provide a platform for prospective member countries to collaborate and address the identified gaps through a common agreed approach. ISA has been envisioned as a dedicated platform that aims to contribute towards the common goal of increasing utilization and promote solar energy and solar applications in the prospective member countries to help the world transform to a [4].
The ISA has set a target of 1 Terrawatt (TW) of solar energy by 2030, which would require $1 trillion to achieve. India has set an ambitious target of [5] GW of renewable energy capacity by 2022, which includes 100 Gigawatts (GW) of solar and 60 GW of wind energy.

Q. India has set an ambitious target of [5] GW of renewable energy capacity by 2022. Which of the following has been redacted with [5] in the passage above?

Passage - 2

A Geographical Indication (GI) product is recognised as originating from a specific geographical origin possessing qualities or reputation related to its origin. The GI tag is exclusive and a similar item originating from a different location is not allowed to use it.
The Geographical Indication (GI) tag under the [1] has recently registered four new GIs. Palani Panchamirtham from Palani Town in Dindigul District of [2], Tawlhlohpuan and [3] Puanchei from the State of [4] and Tirur betel leaf from [5] are the latest additions to the list of registered GIs, according to an official release.
Palani Panchamirtham, an 'abisega prasadam' from Palani Town is one of the main offerings to Lord Dhandayuthapani Swamy, the presiding deity of Arulmigu Dhandayuthapani Swamy Temple, situated in Palani Hills, Palani Town in Dindigul District of [2].
Tawlhlohpuan, a compactly woven fabric from [4], is known for warp yarns, warping, weaving and intricate designs that are made by hand, the release said. Tawlhlohpuan, which holds high significance in the [3] society, is produced throughout the [4] - Aizawl and Thenzawl town being the main centres of production. The second product originating from [4] extended the GI status is the [3] Puanchei, a colourful [3] shawl considered essential by most women from the State and a common costume in festive dances and official ceremonies.
Tirur betel vine from [5], which is mainly cultivated in Tirur, Tanur, Tirurangadi, Kuttippuram, Malappuram and Vengara block panchayaths of Malappuram District, is valued both for its mild stimulant action and medicinal properties.

Q. Which of the following has been replaced with [1] in the passage above?

Passage - 2

A Geographical Indication (GI) product is recognised as originating from a specific geographical origin possessing qualities or reputation related to its origin. The GI tag is exclusive and a similar item originating from a different location is not allowed to use it.
The Geographical Indication (GI) tag under the [1] has recently registered four new GIs. Palani Panchamirtham from Palani Town in Dindigul District of [2], Tawlhlohpuan and [3] Puanchei from the State of [4] and Tirur betel leaf from [5] are the latest additions to the list of registered GIs, according to an official release.
Palani Panchamirtham, an 'abisega prasadam' from Palani Town is one of the main offerings to Lord Dhandayuthapani Swamy, the presiding deity of Arulmigu Dhandayuthapani Swamy Temple, situated in Palani Hills, Palani Town in Dindigul District of [2].
Tawlhlohpuan, a compactly woven fabric from [4], is known for warp yarns, warping, weaving and intricate designs that are made by hand, the release said. Tawlhlohpuan, which holds high significance in the [3] society, is produced throughout the [4] - Aizawl and Thenzawl town being the main centres of production. The second product originating from [4] extended the GI status is the [3] Puanchei, a colourful [3] shawl considered essential by most women from the State and a common costume in festive dances and official ceremonies.
Tirur betel vine from [5], which is mainly cultivated in Tirur, Tanur, Tirurangadi, Kuttippuram, Malappuram and Vengara block panchayaths of Malappuram District, is valued both for its mild stimulant action and medicinal properties.

Q. Which of the following states of India have been replaced with [2], [4] and [5] in the passage above?

Passage - 2

A Geographical Indication (GI) product is recognised as originating from a specific geographical origin possessing qualities or reputation related to its origin. The GI tag is exclusive and a similar item originating from a different location is not allowed to use it.
The Geographical Indication (GI) tag under the [1] has recently registered four new GIs. Palani Panchamirtham from Palani Town in Dindigul District of [2], Tawlhlohpuan and [3] Puanchei from the State of [4] and Tirur betel leaf from [5] are the latest additions to the list of registered GIs, according to an official release.
Palani Panchamirtham, an 'abisega prasadam' from Palani Town is one of the main offerings to Lord Dhandayuthapani Swamy, the presiding deity of Arulmigu Dhandayuthapani Swamy Temple, situated in Palani Hills, Palani Town in Dindigul District of [2].
Tawlhlohpuan, a compactly woven fabric from [4], is known for warp yarns, warping, weaving and intricate designs that are made by hand, the release said. Tawlhlohpuan, which holds high significance in the [3] society, is produced throughout the [4] - Aizawl and Thenzawl town being the main centres of production. The second product originating from [4] extended the GI status is the [3] Puanchei, a colourful [3] shawl considered essential by most women from the State and a common costume in festive dances and official ceremonies.
Tirur betel vine from [5], which is mainly cultivated in Tirur, Tanur, Tirurangadi, Kuttippuram, Malappuram and Vengara block panchayaths of Malappuram District, is valued both for its mild stimulant action and medicinal properties.

Q. Name the two states which have received Geographical Indication (GI) tag for Rasgulla.

Passage - 2

A Geographical Indication (GI) product is recognised as originating from a specific geographical origin possessing qualities or reputation related to its origin. The GI tag is exclusive and a similar item originating from a different location is not allowed to use it.
The Geographical Indication (GI) tag under the [1] has recently registered four new GIs. Palani Panchamirtham from Palani Town in Dindigul District of [2], Tawlhlohpuan and [3] Puanchei from the State of [4] and Tirur betel leaf from [5] are the latest additions to the list of registered GIs, according to an official release.
Palani Panchamirtham, an 'abisega prasadam' from Palani Town is one of the main offerings to Lord Dhandayuthapani Swamy, the presiding deity of Arulmigu Dhandayuthapani Swamy Temple, situated in Palani Hills, Palani Town in Dindigul District of [2].
Tawlhlohpuan, a compactly woven fabric from [4], is known for warp yarns, warping, weaving and intricate designs that are made by hand, the release said. Tawlhlohpuan, which holds high significance in the [3] society, is produced throughout the [4] - Aizawl and Thenzawl town being the main centres of production. The second product originating from [4] extended the GI status is the [3] Puanchei, a colourful [3] shawl considered essential by most women from the State and a common costume in festive dances and official ceremonies.
Tirur betel vine from [5], which is mainly cultivated in Tirur, Tanur, Tirurangadi, Kuttippuram, Malappuram and Vengara block panchayaths of Malappuram District, is valued both for its mild stimulant action and medicinal properties.

Q. At international level, Geographical Indication (GI) is governed by

Passage - 2

A Geographical Indication (GI) product is recognised as originating from a specific geographical origin possessing qualities or reputation related to its origin. The GI tag is exclusive and a similar item originating from a different location is not allowed to use it.
The Geographical Indication (GI) tag under the [1] has recently registered four new GIs. Palani Panchamirtham from Palani Town in Dindigul District of [2], Tawlhlohpuan and [3] Puanchei from the State of [4] and Tirur betel leaf from [5] are the latest additions to the list of registered GIs, according to an official release.
Palani Panchamirtham, an 'abisega prasadam' from Palani Town is one of the main offerings to Lord Dhandayuthapani Swamy, the presiding deity of Arulmigu Dhandayuthapani Swamy Temple, situated in Palani Hills, Palani Town in Dindigul District of [2].
Tawlhlohpuan, a compactly woven fabric from [4], is known for warp yarns, warping, weaving and intricate designs that are made by hand, the release said. Tawlhlohpuan, which holds high significance in the [3] society, is produced throughout the [4] - Aizawl and Thenzawl town being the main centres of production. The second product originating from [4] extended the GI status is the [3] Puanchei, a colourful [3] shawl considered essential by most women from the State and a common costume in festive dances and official ceremonies.
Tirur betel vine from [5], which is mainly cultivated in Tirur, Tanur, Tirurangadi, Kuttippuram, Malappuram and Vengara block panchayaths of Malappuram District, is valued both for its mild stimulant action and medicinal properties.

Q. The first Geographical Indication tagged product in India is

Passage - 3

Scientists have discovered a mysterious never-before- seen virus in a lake in [1] and have named it after a mermaid who lured soldiers underwater to their death. [2] from the mythological mermaid [3], has left scientists 'puzzled' because it doesn't appear to be related to any other viruses in the world.
Researchers found over 90 per cent of [2] genes have never been seen before, making it wholly unique. The new virus, which poses no threat to humans, [2] was collected from a single celled organism called an amoeba found at [4] an artificial lake in the [1] city of Belo Horizonte. It was named after [3], a deadly water-queen in [1] mythology.
Her song is believed to be irresistible to men who, once under her spell, are dragged underwater to live with the siren forever. [2] first peaked the interest of scientists as it was considerably smaller than the viruses usually known to infect amoeba.
They sequenced the virus genome to look at its DNA, finding 74 genes in total. Only six of those had been recorded in literature before. The discovery comes amid the outbreak of a new killer [5] virus across the world which started in China. [5] was first discovered in Wuhan in December 2019, and since, has killed more than thousand people.

Q. Name of the country and lake, which have been replaced with [1] and [4] in the passage above where Scientists have discovered a mysterious never-before- seen virus.

Passage - 3

Scientists have discovered a mysterious never-before- seen virus in a lake in [1] and have named it after a mermaid who lured soldiers underwater to their death. [2] from the mythological mermaid [3], has left scientists 'puzzled' because it doesn't appear to be related to any other viruses in the world.
Researchers found over 90 per cent of [2] genes have never been seen before, making it wholly unique. The new virus, which poses no threat to humans, [2] was collected from a single celled organism called an amoeba found at [4] an artificial lake in the [1] city of Belo Horizonte. It was named after [3], a deadly water-queen in [1] mythology.
Her song is believed to be irresistible to men who, once under her spell, are dragged underwater to live with the siren forever. [2] first peaked the interest of scientists as it was considerably smaller than the viruses usually known to infect amoeba.
They sequenced the virus genome to look at its DNA, finding 74 genes in total. Only six of those had been recorded in literature before. The discovery comes amid the outbreak of a new killer [5] virus across the world which started in China. [5] was first discovered in Wuhan in December 2019, and since, has killed more than thousand people.

Q. In the passage given above, the name of the [2] was named after [3], a deadly water-queen in [1] mythology. Which of the following have been replaced with [2] and [3] in the passage above?

Passage - 3

Scientists have discovered a mysterious never-before- seen virus in a lake in [1] and have named it after a mermaid who lured soldiers underwater to their death. [2] from the mythological mermaid [3], has left scientists 'puzzled' because it doesn't appear to be related to any other viruses in the world.
Researchers found over 90 per cent of [2] genes have never been seen before, making it wholly unique. The new virus, which poses no threat to humans, [2] was collected from a single celled organism called an amoeba found at [4] an artificial lake in the [1] city of Belo Horizonte. It was named after [3], a deadly water-queen in [1] mythology.
Her song is believed to be irresistible to men who, once under her spell, are dragged underwater to live with the siren forever. [2] first peaked the interest of scientists as it was considerably smaller than the viruses usually known to infect amoeba.
They sequenced the virus genome to look at its DNA, finding 74 genes in total. Only six of those had been recorded in literature before. The discovery comes amid the outbreak of a new killer [5] virus across the world which started in China. [5] was first discovered in Wuhan in December 2019, and since, has killed more than thousand people.

Q. What is the name of the animal identified as the host of the virus [5] by the researchers from China in the passage given above?

Passage - 3

Scientists have discovered a mysterious never-before- seen virus in a lake in [1] and have named it after a mermaid who lured soldiers underwater to their death. [2] from the mythological mermaid [3], has left scientists 'puzzled' because it doesn't appear to be related to any other viruses in the world.
Researchers found over 90 per cent of [2] genes have never been seen before, making it wholly unique. The new virus, which poses no threat to humans, [2] was collected from a single celled organism called an amoeba found at [4] an artificial lake in the [1] city of Belo Horizonte. It was named after [3], a deadly water-queen in [1] mythology.
Her song is believed to be irresistible to men who, once under her spell, are dragged underwater to live with the siren forever. [2] first peaked the interest of scientists as it was considerably smaller than the viruses usually known to infect amoeba.
They sequenced the virus genome to look at its DNA, finding 74 genes in total. Only six of those had been recorded in literature before. The discovery comes amid the outbreak of a new killer [5] virus across the world which started in China. [5] was first discovered in Wuhan in December 2019, and since, has killed more than thousand people.

Q. Which of the following is not a viral disease?

Passage - 3

Scientists have discovered a mysterious never-before- seen virus in a lake in [1] and have named it after a mermaid who lured soldiers underwater to their death. [2] from the mythological mermaid [3], has left scientists 'puzzled' because it doesn't appear to be related to any other viruses in the world.
Researchers found over 90 per cent of [2] genes have never been seen before, making it wholly unique. The new virus, which poses no threat to humans, [2] was collected from a single celled organism called an amoeba found at [4] an artificial lake in the [1] city of Belo Horizonte. It was named after [3], a deadly water-queen in [1] mythology.
Her song is believed to be irresistible to men who, once under her spell, are dragged underwater to live with the siren forever. [2] first peaked the interest of scientists as it was considerably smaller than the viruses usually known to infect amoeba.
They sequenced the virus genome to look at its DNA, finding 74 genes in total. Only six of those had been recorded in literature before. The discovery comes amid the outbreak of a new killer [5] virus across the world which started in China. [5] was first discovered in Wuhan in December 2019, and since, has killed more than thousand people.

Q. Who among the following was/were developed the first vaccines to protect against viral infections?

Passage - 4

A Supreme Court bench of justices L Nageswara Rao and Hemant Gupta ruled that states are not bound to make reservations, nor is reservation in promotions a [1]. The top court said that it cannot order state governments to provide reservations.
"In view of the law laid down by this court, there is no doubt that the state government is not bound to make reservations. There is no [1 ] which inheres in an individual to claim reservation in promotions. No [2] can be issued by the court directing the state government to provide reservations," the bench said in its order.
The state governments can grant reservation to scheduled castes and scheduled tribes at their own discretion, but will have to collect quantifiable data which shows their inadequate representation in public services. The Supreme Court has said that states can grant reservation to certain classes, but "there must be some material on the basis of which the opinion is formed". The Supreme Court decision came against pleas regarding [3] government's September 5, 2012 decision to fill up all posts in public services in the state without providing reservations to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. The government's decision was challenged in the [3] High Court, which struck it down. The Supreme Court referred to Article [4] and its clauses 4 and 4A while delivering its judgement in the matter. Article [4] in the Constitution of India refers to equality of opportunity in government jobs.

Q. A Supreme Court bench of justices L Nageswara Rao and Hemant Gupta ruled that states are not bound to make reservations, nor is reservation in promotions a [1]. Which of the following has been redacted with [1] in the passage above?

Passage - 4

A Supreme Court bench of justices L Nageswara Rao and Hemant Gupta ruled that states are not bound to make reservations, nor is reservation in promotions a [1]. The top court said that it cannot order state governments to provide reservations.
"In view of the law laid down by this court, there is no doubt that the state government is not bound to make reservations. There is no [1 ] which inheres in an individual to claim reservation in promotions. No [2] can be issued by the court directing the state government to provide reservations," the bench said in its order.
The state governments can grant reservation to scheduled castes and scheduled tribes at their own discretion, but will have to collect quantifiable data which shows their inadequate representation in public services. The Supreme Court has said that states can grant reservation to certain classes, but "there must be some material on the basis of which the opinion is formed". The Supreme Court decision came against pleas regarding [3] government's September 5, 2012 decision to fill up all posts in public services in the state without providing reservations to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. The government's decision was challenged in the [3] High Court, which struck it down. The Supreme Court referred to Article [4] and its clauses 4 and 4A while delivering its judgement in the matter. Article [4] in the Constitution of India refers to equality of opportunity in government jobs.

Q. Which of the following cannot be issued by the court directing the state government to provide reservations whose name has been redacted with [2] in the passage above?

Passage - 4

A Supreme Court bench of justices L Nageswara Rao and Hemant Gupta ruled that states are not bound to make reservations, nor is reservation in promotions a [1]. The top court said that it cannot order state governments to provide reservations.
"In view of the law laid down by this court, there is no doubt that the state government is not bound to make reservations. There is no [1 ] which inheres in an individual to claim reservation in promotions. No [2] can be issued by the court directing the state government to provide reservations," the bench said in its order.
The state governments can grant reservation to scheduled castes and scheduled tribes at their own discretion, but will have to collect quantifiable data which shows their inadequate representation in public services. The Supreme Court has said that states can grant reservation to certain classes, but "there must be some material on the basis of which the opinion is formed". The Supreme Court decision came against pleas regarding [3] government's September 5, 2012 decision to fill up all posts in public services in the state without providing reservations to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. The government's decision was challenged in the [3] High Court, which struck it down. The Supreme Court referred to Article [4] and its clauses 4 and 4A while delivering its judgement in the matter. Article [4] in the Constitution of India refers to equality of opportunity in government jobs.

Q. Which of the following article of the Indian Constitution recognises that special measures need to be adopted for considering the claims of SCs and STs in order to bring them to a level-playing field?

Passage - 4

A Supreme Court bench of justices L Nageswara Rao and Hemant Gupta ruled that states are not bound to make reservations, nor is reservation in promotions a [1]. The top court said that it cannot order state governments to provide reservations.
"In view of the law laid down by this court, there is no doubt that the state government is not bound to make reservations. There is no [1 ] which inheres in an individual to claim reservation in promotions. No [2] can be issued by the court directing the state government to provide reservations," the bench said in its order.
The state governments can grant reservation to scheduled castes and scheduled tribes at their own discretion, but will have to collect quantifiable data which shows their inadequate representation in public services. The Supreme Court has said that states can grant reservation to certain classes, but "there must be some material on the basis of which the opinion is formed". The Supreme Court decision came against pleas regarding [3] government's September 5, 2012 decision to fill up all posts in public services in the state without providing reservations to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. The government's decision was challenged in the [3] High Court, which struck it down. The Supreme Court referred to Article [4] and its clauses 4 and 4A while delivering its judgement in the matter. Article [4] in the Constitution of India refers to equality of opportunity in government jobs.

Q. The Supreme Court decision came against pleas regarding [3] government's decision to fill up all posts in public services in the state without providing reservations to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. Which of the following state governments has been redacted with [3] in the passage above?

Passage - 4

A Supreme Court bench of justices L Nageswara Rao and Hemant Gupta ruled that states are not bound to make reservations, nor is reservation in promotions a [1]. The top court said that it cannot order state governments to provide reservations.
"In view of the law laid down by this court, there is no doubt that the state government is not bound to make reservations. There is no [1 ] which inheres in an individual to claim reservation in promotions. No [2] can be issued by the court directing the state government to provide reservations," the bench said in its order.
The state governments can grant reservation to scheduled castes and scheduled tribes at their own discretion, but will have to collect quantifiable data which shows their inadequate representation in public services. The Supreme Court has said that states can grant reservation to certain classes, but "there must be some material on the basis of which the opinion is formed". The Supreme Court decision came against pleas regarding [3] government's September 5, 2012 decision to fill up all posts in public services in the state without providing reservations to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. The government's decision was challenged in the [3] High Court, which struck it down. The Supreme Court referred to Article [4] and its clauses 4 and 4A while delivering its judgement in the matter. Article [4] in the Constitution of India refers to equality of opportunity in government jobs.

Q. The Supreme Court referred to Article [4] and its clauses 4 and 4A while delivering its judgment in the matter. Which of the following article of the Indian Constitution redacted with [4] in the passage above?

Passage - 4

A Supreme Court bench of justices L Nageswara Rao and Hemant Gupta ruled that states are not bound to make reservations, nor is reservation in promotions a [1]. The top court said that it cannot order state governments to provide reservations.
"In view of the law laid down by this court, there is no doubt that the state government is not bound to make reservations. There is no [1 ] which inheres in an individual to claim reservation in promotions. No [2] can be issued by the court directing the state government to provide reservations," the bench said in its order.
The state governments can grant reservation to scheduled castes and scheduled tribes at their own discretion, but will have to collect quantifiable data which shows their inadequate representation in public services. The Supreme Court has said that states can grant reservation to certain classes, but "there must be some material on the basis of which the opinion is formed". The Supreme Court decision came against pleas regarding [3] government's September 5, 2012 decision to fill up all posts in public services in the state without providing reservations to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. The government's decision was challenged in the [3] High Court, which struck it down. The Supreme Court referred to Article [4] and its clauses 4 and 4A while delivering its judgement in the matter. Article [4] in the Constitution of India refers to equality of opportunity in government jobs.

Q. The Supreme Court of India ruled in that reservations could not exceed 50 percent; anything above which it judged would violate equal access as guaranteed by the Constitution.

Passage - 5

[1]'s Ministry of Energy and Non-Renewable Natural Resources released an official statement on 2 January 2020 which confirmed that [1] had left Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC).
The Andean nation is attempting to increase crude production to raise more income and has on multiple occasions broken its output quota fixed by OPEC. "The decision is based on the issues and internal challenges that the country must take on related to fiscal sustainability," the energy ministry said in a statement, without providing further details.
"This measure is in line with the national government's plan to reduce public spending and generate new income," it added.
In a bid to combat debt, President [2] has implemented market-friendly policies and begun an austerity plan that includes layoffs of workers at state-owned companies and cuts to gasoline subsidies. The plan also includes efforts to find private operators for state-owned firms.
[1] joined OPEC in 1973, withdrew in 1992, then rejoined in 2007. Other small former OPEC members have also left the organization for fiscal reasons. Indonesia suspended membership in 2016 as it sought to increase oil exports. Qatar has withdrawn from OPEC effective [3].
OPEC, Russia and other producers have since January, 1,2019 implemented a deal to cut output by 1.2 million bpd. The alliance, known as [4], in July 2019 renewed the pact until March 2020.

Q. Which of the following countries has withdrawn from the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) on 2 January 2020 whose name has been redacted with [1] in the passage above?

Passage - 5

[1]'s Ministry of Energy and Non-Renewable Natural Resources released an official statement on 2 January 2020 which confirmed that [1] had left Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC).
The Andean nation is attempting to increase crude production to raise more income and has on multiple occasions broken its output quota fixed by OPEC. "The decision is based on the issues and internal challenges that the country must take on related to fiscal sustainability," the energy ministry said in a statement, without providing further details.
"This measure is in line with the national government's plan to reduce public spending and generate new income," it added.
In a bid to combat debt, President [2] has implemented market-friendly policies and begun an austerity plan that includes layoffs of workers at state-owned companies and cuts to gasoline subsidies. The plan also includes efforts to find private operators for state-owned firms.
[1] joined OPEC in 1973, withdrew in 1992, then rejoined in 2007. Other small former OPEC members have also left the organization for fiscal reasons. Indonesia suspended membership in 2016 as it sought to increase oil exports. Qatar has withdrawn from OPEC effective [3].
OPEC, Russia and other producers have since January, 1,2019 implemented a deal to cut output by 1.2 million bpd. The alliance, known as [4], in July 2019 renewed the pact until March 2020.

Q. Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is an intergovernmental organization founded on:

Passage - 5

[1]'s Ministry of Energy and Non-Renewable Natural Resources released an official statement on 2 January 2020 which confirmed that [1] had left Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC).
The Andean nation is attempting to increase crude production to raise more income and has on multiple occasions broken its output quota fixed by OPEC. "The decision is based on the issues and internal challenges that the country must take on related to fiscal sustainability," the energy ministry said in a statement, without providing further details.
"This measure is in line with the national government's plan to reduce public spending and generate new income," it added.
In a bid to combat debt, President [2] has implemented market-friendly policies and begun an austerity plan that includes layoffs of workers at state-owned companies and cuts to gasoline subsidies. The plan also includes efforts to find private operators for state-owned firms.
[1] joined OPEC in 1973, withdrew in 1992, then rejoined in 2007. Other small former OPEC members have also left the organization for fiscal reasons. Indonesia suspended membership in 2016 as it sought to increase oil exports. Qatar has withdrawn from OPEC effective [3].
OPEC, Russia and other producers have since January, 1,2019 implemented a deal to cut output by 1.2 million bpd. The alliance, known as [4], in July 2019 renewed the pact until March 2020.

Q. Who is the current President of [1 ] whose name has been redacted with [2] in the passage above?

Passage - 5

[1]'s Ministry of Energy and Non-Renewable Natural Resources released an official statement on 2 January 2020 which confirmed that [1] had left Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC).
The Andean nation is attempting to increase crude production to raise more income and has on multiple occasions broken its output quota fixed by OPEC. "The decision is based on the issues and internal challenges that the country must take on related to fiscal sustainability," the energy ministry said in a statement, without providing further details.
"This measure is in line with the national government's plan to reduce public spending and generate new income," it added.
In a bid to combat debt, President [2] has implemented market-friendly policies and begun an austerity plan that includes layoffs of workers at state-owned companies and cuts to gasoline subsidies. The plan also includes efforts to find private operators for state-owned firms.
[1] joined OPEC in 1973, withdrew in 1992, then rejoined in 2007. Other small former OPEC members have also left the organization for fiscal reasons. Indonesia suspended membership in 2016 as it sought to increase oil exports. Qatar has withdrawn from OPEC effective [3].
OPEC, Russia and other producers have since January, 1,2019 implemented a deal to cut output by 1.2 million bpd. The alliance, known as [4], in July 2019 renewed the pact until March 2020.

Q. Qatar has withdrawn from OPEC with effect from [3]. Which of the following has been redacted with [3] in the passage above?

Passage - 5

[1]'s Ministry of Energy and Non-Renewable Natural Resources released an official statement on 2 January 2020 which confirmed that [1] had left Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC).
The Andean nation is attempting to increase crude production to raise more income and has on multiple occasions broken its output quota fixed by OPEC. "The decision is based on the issues and internal challenges that the country must take on related to fiscal sustainability," the energy ministry said in a statement, without providing further details.
"This measure is in line with the national government's plan to reduce public spending and generate new income," it added.
In a bid to combat debt, President [2] has implemented market-friendly policies and begun an austerity plan that includes layoffs of workers at state-owned companies and cuts to gasoline subsidies. The plan also includes efforts to find private operators for state-owned firms.
[1] joined OPEC in 1973, withdrew in 1992, then rejoined in 2007. Other small former OPEC members have also left the organization for fiscal reasons. Indonesia suspended membership in 2016 as it sought to increase oil exports. Qatar has withdrawn from OPEC effective [3].
OPEC, Russia and other producers have since January, 1,2019 implemented a deal to cut output by 1.2 million bpd. The alliance, known as [4], in July 2019 renewed the pact until March 2020.

Q. OPEC, Russia and other producers have since January, 1,2019 implemented a deal to cut output by 1.2 million bpd. The alliance is known as [4]. Which of the following has been redacted with [4] in the passage above?

Passage - 6

The Aditya mission was conceived as a 400kg class satellite carrying one payload, the Visible Emission Line Coronagraph (VELC) and was planned to launch in a 400 km low earth orbit. A Satellite placed in the halo orbit around the [1] of the Sun -Earth system has the major advantage of continuously viewing the Sun without any occultation/ eclipses.
Therefore, the Aditya mission has now been revised to "[1] mission" and will be inserted in a halo orbit around the [2], which is 1.5 million km from the Earth. The satellite carries additional six payloads with enhanced science scope and objectives. The project is approved and the satellite will be launched during 2019 - 2020 timeframe by PSLV-XL from [3].
The Aditya mission was meant to observe only the solar corona. The outer layers of the Sun, extending to thousands of km above the disc (photosphere) is termed as the corona. It has a temperature of more than a million degree Kelvin which is much higher than the solar disc temperature of around 6000K. How the corona gets heated to such high temperatures is still an unanswered question in solar physics.
In addition, particle payloads will study the particle flux emanating from the Sun and reaching the [2] orbit, and the magnetometer payload will measure the variation in magnetic field strength at the halo orbit around [2]. These payloads have to be placed outside the interference from the Earth's magnetic field and could not have been useful in the low earth orbit.

Q. In the above passage, the name of the mission has been redacted with '[1]'. What is the name of the mission?

Passage - 6

The Aditya mission was conceived as a 400kg class satellite carrying one payload, the Visible Emission Line Coronagraph (VELC) and was planned to launch in a 400 km low earth orbit. A Satellite placed in the halo orbit around the [1] of the Sun -Earth system has the major advantage of continuously viewing the Sun without any occultation/ eclipses.
Therefore, the Aditya mission has now been revised to "[1] mission" and will be inserted in a halo orbit around the [2], which is 1.5 million km from the Earth. The satellite carries additional six payloads with enhanced science scope and objectives. The project is approved and the satellite will be launched during 2019 - 2020 timeframe by PSLV-XL from [3].
The Aditya mission was meant to observe only the solar corona. The outer layers of the Sun, extending to thousands of km above the disc (photosphere) is termed as the corona. It has a temperature of more than a million degree Kelvin which is much higher than the solar disc temperature of around 6000K. How the corona gets heated to such high temperatures is still an unanswered question in solar physics.
In addition, particle payloads will study the particle flux emanating from the Sun and reaching the [2] orbit, and the magnetometer payload will measure the variation in magnetic field strength at the halo orbit around [2]. These payloads have to be placed outside the interference from the Earth's magnetic field and could not have been useful in the low earth orbit.

Q. The mission referred in the above passage will be launched from which of the following space stations whose name has been redacted with [3] in the above passage?

Passage - 6

The Aditya mission was conceived as a 400kg class satellite carrying one payload, the Visible Emission Line Coronagraph (VELC) and was planned to launch in a 400 km low earth orbit. A Satellite placed in the halo orbit around the [1] of the Sun -Earth system has the major advantage of continuously viewing the Sun without any occultation/ eclipses.
Therefore, the Aditya mission has now been revised to "[1] mission" and will be inserted in a halo orbit around the [2], which is 1.5 million km from the Earth. The satellite carries additional six payloads with enhanced science scope and objectives. The project is approved and the satellite will be launched during 2019 - 2020 timeframe by PSLV-XL from [3].
The Aditya mission was meant to observe only the solar corona. The outer layers of the Sun, extending to thousands of km above the disc (photosphere) is termed as the corona. It has a temperature of more than a million degree Kelvin which is much higher than the solar disc temperature of around 6000K. How the corona gets heated to such high temperatures is still an unanswered question in solar physics.
In addition, particle payloads will study the particle flux emanating from the Sun and reaching the [2] orbit, and the magnetometer payload will measure the variation in magnetic field strength at the halo orbit around [2]. These payloads have to be placed outside the interference from the Earth's magnetic field and could not have been useful in the low earth orbit.

Q. The first spacecraft in the world launched to study the Sun is

Passage - 6

The Aditya mission was conceived as a 400kg class satellite carrying one payload, the Visible Emission Line Coronagraph (VELC) and was planned to launch in a 400 km low earth orbit. A Satellite placed in the halo orbit around the [1] of the Sun -Earth system has the major advantage of continuously viewing the Sun without any occultation/ eclipses.
Therefore, the Aditya mission has now been revised to "[1] mission" and will be inserted in a halo orbit around the [2], which is 1.5 million km from the Earth. The satellite carries additional six payloads with enhanced science scope and objectives. The project is approved and the satellite will be launched during 2019 - 2020 timeframe by PSLV-XL from [3].
The Aditya mission was meant to observe only the solar corona. The outer layers of the Sun, extending to thousands of km above the disc (photosphere) is termed as the corona. It has a temperature of more than a million degree Kelvin which is much higher than the solar disc temperature of around 6000K. How the corona gets heated to such high temperatures is still an unanswered question in solar physics.
In addition, particle payloads will study the particle flux emanating from the Sun and reaching the [2] orbit, and the magnetometer payload will measure the variation in magnetic field strength at the halo orbit around [2]. These payloads have to be placed outside the interference from the Earth's magnetic field and could not have been useful in the low earth orbit.

Q. Which of the following statements is true about the Sun?