A large number of the branches of banks have been set up in the villages. The main purpose of setting up these banks is to develop the habit of saving among the villagers and also gives loans to the farmers for boosting the production in one or the other way. So far the banks had been concentrated in the big cities and Indian villagers had no faith in them. The new banks also intend re-channelling bank credit from the big industries to small sectors. With the intention to promote rural banking, Regional Rural Banks were established. These combined the local field with the rural problems. These banks are not to replace the other credit giving bodies but to supplement them. The Steering Committee of the Regional Rural Banks considered some structural changes. First of all they gave thought to the staffing spectrum then to effective coordination among banks- rural cooperatives and commercial-and the possibility of bringing credit within the access of weaker sections. They wanted to recruit the staff for the rural banks at lower salaries. But this type of discrimination would have been dangerous. So it was given up. Another problem with regard to the rural banks is the creditworthiness of the poor. Indian farmers are so poor that they cannot pay back their loans. The rural Indian surveys it quite clear that practically they have no credit worthiness. Their socio-economic mobility is almost zero. Long ago in Ranchi the Government experimented with the idea of advancing loan but the experiment failed, that is why the banks used to fear that their credit would never be paid back. Another difficulty for the rural banks is that loans cannot be so easily processed. Processing loans will also entail heavy expenditure. This is also going to affect their financial position. Still the establishment of the rural banks has been decided because the social advantages are more important than the commercial considerations. Rural banks will definitely encourage savings. It is not the proper time to mop up the rural surplus. No doubt villages do not have to pay income tax and they get many other concessions, yet their saving is not significant. Beside all these hurdles, the rural banking system will boost up the economy of villages, and so the economy of the country. Q. 'This type of discrim i nation would have been dangerous'. What is referred to as being dangerous?

Giving credit to the lower sections

To recruit staff for the rural section at lower salaries

A large number of the branches of banks have been set up in the villages. The main purpose of setting up these banks is to develop the habit of saving among the villagers and also gives loans to the farmers for boosting the production in one or the other way. So far the banks had been concentrated in the big cities and Indian villagers had no faith in them. The new banks also intend re-channelling bank credit from the big industries to small sectors. With the intention to promote rural banking, Regional Rural Banks were established. These combined the local field with the rural problems. These banks are not to replace the other credit giving bodies but to supplement them. The Steering Committee of the Regional Rural Banks considered some structural changes. First of all they gave thought to the staffing spectrum then to effective coordination among banks- rural cooperatives and commercial-and the possibility of bringing credit within the access of weaker sections. They wanted to recruit the staff for the rural banks at lower salaries. But this type of discrimination would have been dangerous. So it was given up. Another problem with regard to the rural banks is the creditworthiness of the poor. Indian farmers are so poor that they cannot pay back their loans. The rural Indian surveys it quite clear that practically they have no credit worthiness. Their socio-economic mobility is almost zero. Long ago in Ranchi the Government experimented with the idea of advancing loan but the experiment failed, that is why the banks used to fear that their credit would never be paid back. Another difficulty for the rural banks is that loans cannot be so easily processed. Processing loans will also entail heavy expenditure. This is also going to affect their financial position. Still the establishment of the rural banks has been decided because the social advantages are more important than the commercial considerations. Rural banks will definitely encourage savings. It is not the proper time to mop up the rural surplus. No doubt villages do not have to pay income tax and they get many other concessions, yet their saving is not significant. Beside all these hurdles rural banking system will boost up the economy of villages, and so the economy of the country. Q. Why has the establishment of rural banks been decided despite the challenges involved in the process?

To help banks earn more profits

Social advantages are more important than commercial considerations.

A large number of the branches of banks have been set up in the villages. The main purpose of setting up these banks is to develop the habit of saving among the villagers and also gives loans to the farmers for boosting the production in one or the other way. So far the banks had been concentrated in the big cities and Indian villagers had no faith in them. The new banks also intend re-channelling bank credit from the big industries to small sectors. With the intention to promote rural banking, Regional Rural Banks were established. These combined the local field with the rural problems. These banks are not to replace the other credit giving bodies but to supplement them. The Steering Committee of the Regional Rural Banks considered some structural changes. First of all they gave thought to the staffing spectrum then to effective coordination among banks- rural cooperatives and commercial-and the possibility of bringing credit within the access of weaker sections. They wanted to recruit the staff for the rural banks at lower salaries. But this type of discrimination would have been dangerous. So it was given up. Another problem with regard to the rural banks is the creditworthiness of the poor. Indian farmers are so poor that they cannot pay back their loans. The rural Indian surveys it quite clear that practically they have no credit worthiness. Their socio-economic mobility is almost zero. Long ago in Ranchi the Government experimented with the idea of advancing loan but the experiment failed, that is why the banks used to fear that their credit would never be paid back. Another difficulty for the rural banks is that loans cannot be so easily processed. Processing loans will also entail heavy expenditure. This is also going to affect their financial position. Still the establishment of the rural banks has been decided because the social advantages are more important than the commercial consideration. Rural banks will definitely encourage savings. It is not the proper time to mop up the rural surplus. No doubt villages do not have to pay income tax and they get many other concessions, yet their saving is not significant. Beside all these hurdles rural banking system will boost up the economy of villages, and so the economy of the country. Q. What is the main purpose for setting up rural banks?

To develop the habit of saving among villagers

A large number of the branches of banks have been set up in the villages. The main purpose of setting up these banks is to develop the habit of saving among the villagers and also gives loans to the farmers for boosting the production in one or the other way. So far the banks had been concentrated in the big cities and Indian villagers had no faith in them. The new banks also intend re-channelling bank credit from the big industries to small sectors. With the intention to promote rural banking, Regional Rural Banks were established. These combined the local field with the rural problems. These banks are not to replace the other credit giving bodies but to supplement them. The Steering Committee of the Regional Rural Banks considered some structural changes. First of all they gave thought to the staffing spectrum then to effective coordination among banks- rural cooperatives and commercial-and the possibility of bringing credit within the access of weaker sections. They wanted to recruit the staff for the rural banks at lower salaries. But this type of discrimination would have been dangerous. So it was given up. Another problem with regard to the rural banks is the creditworthiness of the poor. Indian farmers are so poor that they cannot pay back their loans. The rural Indian surveys it quite clear that practically they have no credit worthiness. Their socio-economic mobility is almost zero. Long ago in Ranchi the Government experimented with the idea of advancing loan but the experiment failed, that is why the banks used to fear that their credit would never be paid back. Another difficulty for the rural banks is that loans cannot be so easily processed. Processing loans will also entail heavy expenditure. This is also going to affect their financial position. Still the establishment of the rural banks has been decided because the social advantages are more important than the commercial consideration. Rural banks will definitely encourage savings. It is not the proper time to mop up the rural surplus. No doubt villages do not have to pay income tax and they get many other concessions, yet their saving is not significant. Beside all these hurdles rural banking system will boost up the economy of villages, and so the economy of the country. Q. How will the RRBs help in the economy of the country?

By encouraging savings among villagers

By bringing about structural changes in banking

By boosting the economy of the villages

A large number of the branches of banks have been set up in the villages. The main purpose of setting up these banks is to develop the habit of saving among the villagers and also gives loans to the farmers for boosting the production in one or the other way. So far the banks had been concentrated in the big cities and Indian villagers had no faith in them. The new banks also intend re-channelling bank credit from the big industries to small sectors. With the intention to promote rural banking, Regional Rural Banks were established. These combined the local field with the rural problems. These banks are not to replace the other credit giving bodies but to supplement them. The Steering Committee of the Regional Rural Banks considered some structural changes. First of all they gave thought to the staffing spectrum then to effective coordination among banks- rural cooperatives and commercial-and the possibility of bringing credit within the access of weaker sections. They wanted to recruit the staff for the rural banks at lower salaries. But this type of discrimination would have been dangerous. So it was given up. Another problem with regard to the rural banks is the creditworthiness of the poor. Indian farmers are so poor that they cannot pay back their loans. The rural Indian surveys it quite clear that practically they have no credit worthiness. Their socio-economic mobility is almost zero. Long ago in Ranchi the Government experimented with the idea of advancing loan but the experiment failed, that is why the banks used to fear that their credit would never be paid back. Another difficulty for the rural banks is that loans cannot be so easily processed. Processing loans will also entail heavy expenditure. This is also going to affect their financial position. Still the establishment of the rural banks has been decided because the social advantages are more important than the commercial consideration. Rural banks will definitely encourage savings. It is not the proper time to mop up the rural surplus. No doubt villages do not have to pay income tax and they get many other concessions, yet their saving is not significant. Beside all these hurdles rural banking system will boost up the economy of villages, and so the economy of the country. Q. What is the main challenge with setting up Regional Rural Banks?

To have an effective coordination among staffs

The poverty of the farmers making them unable to repay loans

Their socio economic mobility is zero

Relationships are how we relate to others. We have relationships with everyone we know and those who are close to us. Each and every interaction we have with another person is the act of relating. If we have a problem relating to others, it affects our ability to have supportive relationships. We have to ask ourselves if our relationships are supportive, and if they are not, then ask why they are not, Everyone wants the perfect romance or marriage, but not everyone looks at the mechanics of how to have one. If we fail to have supportive relationships in our life, how can we have the 'perfect love' relationships? Through the act of supporting, we honour and validate who the other person is. This is turn, validates who we are. So, both are supported; no one loses; no egos are involved; and, so doing, we honour the relationship. This is what it means to have a supportive relationship. This is the desired goal. Now, how do we accomplish it? Our conduct patterns, 'positive' or 'negative' get set as we grow up. In order to clear a problem, one must identify the original cause which created a behavioural pattern, move through the experience of that situation and experience the emotions associated with it. The healing process is a time when we must love the self. If we beat up the self about the experience which had caused us harm or our past reaction to it, then we cannot heal. In being loving to the self, we validate what we had experienced at that time. Our emotions are always valid. So, it is important for us to do this self-validation in order to heal. Love is the energy which helps us heal-whether we give this love to ourselves or receive it from another. Loving relations start with the self. When we look at having supportive relationship in our life, why not start with the self? Because that is where love comes from. This is what transforms our relationships and our lives. We must love the self first. And we cannot do that until we have healed and become whole. Spiritually we must rise, and our spiritual quotient must be high. For, it is not about what we can receive from love, but what we can contribute or give to love. The more we give, the more are the returns. Q. What are the processes involved in practicing 'self validation'?

Analysing behavioural pattern, experience the emotions

Analysing the behavioural pattern, experiencing the situation and then emotions

Relationships are how we relate to others. We have relationships with everyone we know and those who are close to us. Each and every interaction we have with another person is the act of relating. If we have a problem relating to others, it affects our ability to have supportive relationships. We have to ask ourselves if our relationships are supportive, and if they are not, then ask why they are not, Everyone wants the perfect romance or marriage, but not everyone looks at the mechanics of how to have one. If we fail to have supportive relationships in our life, how can we have the 'perfect love' relationships? Through the act of supporting, we honour and validate who the other person is. This is turn, validates who we are. So, both are supported; no one loses; no egos are involved; and, so doing, we honour the relationship. This is what it means to have a supportive relationship. This is the desired goal. Now, how do we accomplish it? Our conduct patterns, 'positive' or 'negative' get set as we grow up. In order to clear a problem, one must identify the original cause which created a behavioural pattern, move through the experience of that situation and experience the emotions associated with it. The healing process is a time when we must love the self. If we beat up the self about the experience which had caused us harm or our past reaction to it, then we cannot heal. In being loving to the self, we validate what we had experienced at that time. Our emotions are always valid. So, it is important for us to do this self-validation in order to heal. Love is the energy which helps us heal-whether we give this love to ourselves or receive it from another. Loving relations start with the self. When we look at having supportive relationship in our life, why not start with the self? Because that is where love comes from. This is what transforms our relationships and our lives. We must love the self first. And we cannot do that until we have healed and become whole. Spiritually we must rise, and our spiritual quotient must be high. For, it is not about what we can receive from love, but what we can contribute or give to love. The more we give, the more are the returns. Q. How can we accomplish the goal of forging supportive relationships?

Analysing the cause of our behavioural pattern

Experience the positive and negative of life

Relationships are how we relate to others. We have relationships with everyone we know and those who are close to us. Each and every interaction we have with another person is the act of relating. If we have a problem relating to others, it affects our ability to have supportive relationships. We have to ask ourselves if our relationships are supportive, and if they are not, then ask why they are not, Everyone wants the perfect romance or marriage, but not everyone looks at the mechanics of how to have one. If we fail to have supportive relationships in our life, how can we have the 'perfect love' relationships? Through the act of supporting, we honour and validate who the other person is. This is turn, validates who we are. So, both are supported; no one loses; no egos are involved; and, so doing, we honour the relationship. This is what it means to have a supportive relationship. This is the desired goal. Now, how do we accomplish it? Our conduct patterns, 'positive' or 'negative' get set as we grow up. In order to clear a problem, one must identify the original cause which created a behavioural pattern, move through the experience of that situation and experience the emotions associated with it. The healing process is a time when we must love the self. If we beat up the self about the experience which had caused us harm or our past reaction to it, then we cannot heal. In being loving to the self, we validate what we had experienced at that time. Our emotions are always valid. So, it is important for us to do this self-validation in order to heal. Love is the energy which helps us heal-whether we give this love to ourselves or receive it from another. Loving relations start with the self. When we look at having supportive relationship in our life, why not start with the self? Because that is where love comes from. This is what transforms our relationships and our lives. We must love the self first. And we cannot do that until we have healed and become whole. Spiritually we must rise, and our spiritual quotient must be high. For, it is not about what we can receive from love, but what we can contribute or give to love. The more we give, the more are the returns. Q. What is referred to as 'the desired goal' in the above paragraph?

To have a supportive relationship

To analyse the behavioural pattern of the self

Relationships are how we relate to others. We have relationships with everyone we know and those who are close to us. Each and every interaction we have with another person is the act of relating. If we have a problem relating to others, it affects our ability to have supportive relationships. We have to ask ourselves if our relationships are supportive, and if they are not, then ask why they are not, Everyone wants the perfect romance or marriage, but not everyone looks at the mechanics of how to have one. If we fail to have supportive relationships in our life, how can we have the 'perfect love' relationships? Through the act of supporting, we honour and validate who the other person is. This is turn, validates who we are. So, both are supported; no one loses; no egos are involved; and, so doing, we honour the relationship. This is what it means to have a supportive relationship. This is the desired goal. Now, how do we accomplish it? Our conduct patterns, 'positive' or 'negative' get set as we grow up. In order to clear a problem, one must identify the original cause which created a behavioural pattern, move through the experience of that situation and experience the emotions associated with it. The healing process is a time when we must love the self. If we beat up the self about the experience which had caused us harm or our past reaction to it, then we cannot heal. In being loving to the self, we validate what we had experienced at that time. Our emotions are always valid. So, it is important for us to do this self-validation in order to heal. Love is the energy which helps us heal-whether we give this love to ourselves or receive it from another. Loving relations start with the self. When we look at having supportive relationship in our life, why not start with the self? Because that is where love comes from. This is what transforms our relationships and our lives. We must love the self first. And we cannot do that until we have healed and become whole. Spiritually we must rise, and our spiritual quotient must be high. For, it is not about what we can receive from love, but what we can contribute or give to love. The more we give, the more are the returns. Q. According to the author from where does love start?

By initiating the healing process

Given overwhelming evidence for the primacy of sociocultural factors in determining both drinking patterns and their consequences, it is clear that ethnographic research findings on the social and cultural roles of alcohol may have important implications for policymakers - particularly in areas such as Europe where economic and political 'convergence' could have significant impact on drinking-cultures and their associated lifestyles. In this context, it is essential for those concerned with policy and legislation on alcohol to have a clear understanding of the sociocultural functions and meanings of drinking. This passage outlines the principal conclusions that can be drawn from the available cross cultural material regarding the symbolic uses of alcoholic beverages, the social functions of drinking-places and the roles of alcohol in transitional and celebratory rituals. From the ethnographic material available, it is clear that in all cultures where more than one type of alcoholic beverage is available, drinks are classified in terms of their social meaning, and the classification of drinks is used to define the social world. Few, if any, alcoholic beverages are 'socially neutral': every drink is loaded with symbolic meaning, every drink conveys a message. Alcohol is a symbolic vehicle for identifying, describing, constructing and manipulating cultural systems, values, interpersonal relationships, behavioural norms and expectations. Choice of beverage is rarely a matter of personal taste. At the simplest level, drinks are used to define the nature of the occasion. In many Western cultures, for example, champagne is synonymous with celebration, such that if champagne is ordered or served at an otherwise 'ordinary' occasion, someone will invariably ask 'What are we celebrating?' In the Wiener Becken in Austria, sekt is drunk on formal occasions, while schnapps is reserved for more intimate, convivial gatherings - the type of drink served defines both the nature of the event and the social relationship between the drinkers. The choice of drink also dictates behaviour, to the extent that the appearance of a bottle of schnapps can prompt a switch from the 'polite' form of address, sie, to the highly intimate du. Q. All of the following are true in terms of the passage except

champagne is similar with celebration in Western countries.

drink determines the behaviour of the person.

every drink carries a symbolic meaning with it.

all alcoholic drinks are 'socially neutral'.

Given overwhelming evidence for the primacy of sociocultural factors in determining both drinking patterns and their consequences, it is clear that ethnographic research findings on the social and cultural roles of alcohol may have important implications for policymakers - particularly in areas such as Europe where economic and political 'convergence' could have significant impact on drinking-cultures and their associated lifestyles. In this context, it is essential for those concerned with policy and legislation on alcohol to have a clear understanding of the sociocultural functions and meanings of drinking. This passage outlines the principal conclusions that can be drawn from the available cross cultural material regarding the symbolic uses of alcoholic beverages, the social functions of drinking-places and the roles of alcohol in transitional and celebratory rituals. From the ethnographic material available, it is clear that in all cultures where more than one type of alcoholic beverage is available, drinks are classified in terms of their social meaning, and the classification of drinks is used to define the social world. Few, if any, alcoholic beverages are 'socially neutral': every drink is loaded with symbolic meaning, every drink conveys a message. Alcohol is a symbolic vehicle for identifying, describing, constructing and manipulating cultural systems, values, interpersonal relationships, behavioural norms and expectations. Choice of beverage is rarely a matter of personal taste. At the simplest level, drinks are used to define the nature of the occasion. In many Western cultures, for example, champagne is synonymous with celebration, such that if champagne is ordered or served at an otherwise 'ordinary' occasion, someone will invariably ask 'What are we celebrating?' In the Wiener Becken in Austria, sekt is drunk on formal occasions, while schnapps is reserved for more intimate, convivial gatherings - the type of drink served defines both the nature of the event and the social relationship between the drinkers. The choice of drink also dictates behaviour, to the extent that the appearance of a bottle of schnapps can prompt a switch from the 'polite' form of address, sie, to the highly intimate du. Q. According to the author,

drinks are classified in order to define the economic scenario of the country.

drinks are classified in order to depict the real life political situation of the world.

drinks are classified in order to define the social world.

drinks are classified on the basis of public demand.

Given overwhelming evidence for the primacy of sociocultural factors in determining both drinking patterns and their consequences, it is clear that ethnographic research findings on the social and cultural roles of alcohol may have important implications for policymakers - particularly in areas such as Europe where economic and political 'convergence' could have significant impact on drinking-cultures and their associated lifestyles. In this context, it is essential for those concerned with policy and legislation on alcohol to have a clear understanding of the sociocultural functions and meanings of drinking. This passage outlines the principal conclusions that can be drawn from the available cross cultural material regarding the symbolic uses of alcoholic beverages, the social functions of drinking-places and the roles of alcohol in transitional and celebratory rituals. From the ethnographic material available, it is clear that in all cultures where more than one type of alcoholic beverage is available, drinks are classified in terms of their social meaning, and the classification of drinks is used to define the social world. Few, if any, alcoholic beverages are 'socially neutral': every drink is loaded with symbolic meaning, every drink conveys a message. Alcohol is a symbolic vehicle for identifying, describing, constructing and manipulating cultural systems, values, interpersonal relationships, behavioural norms and expectations. Choice of beverage is rarely a matter of personal taste. At the simplest level, drinks are used to define the nature of the occasion. In many Western cultures, for example, champagne is synonymous with celebration, such that if champagne is ordered or served at an otherwise 'ordinary' occasion, someone will invariably ask 'What are we celebrating?' In the Wiener Becken in Austria, sekt is drunk on formal occasions, while schnapps is reserved for more intimate, convivial gatherings - the type of drink served defines both the nature of the event and the social relationship between the drinkers. The choice of drink also dictates behaviour, to the extent that the appearance of a bottle of schnapps can prompt a switch from the 'polite' form of address, sie, to the highly intimate du. Q. It can be inferred from the passage that

drinking is related with the personal choice of an individual.

drinking has significant cultural role in the society.

drinking is preferred both on formal and informal occasions.

drinking carries a symbolic meaning and conveys a specific message

Given overwhelming evidence for the primacy of sociocultural factors in determining both drinking patterns and their consequences, it is clear that ethnographic research findings on the social and cultural roles of alcohol may have important implications for policymakers - particularly in areas such as Europe where economic and political 'convergence' could have significant impact on drinking-cultures and their associated lifestyles. In this context, it is essential for those concerned with policy and legislation on alcohol to have a clear understanding of the sociocultural functions and meanings of drinking. This passage outlines the principal conclusions that can be drawn from the available cross cultural material regarding the symbolic uses of alcoholic beverages, the social functions of drinking-places and the roles of alcohol in transitional and celebratory rituals. From the ethnographic material available, it is clear that in all cultures where more than one type of alcoholic beverage is available, drinks are classified in terms of their social meaning, and the classification of drinks is used to define the social world. Few, if any, alcoholic beverages are 'socially neutral': every drink is loaded with symbolic meaning, every drink conveys a message. Alcohol is a symbolic vehicle for identifying, describing, constructing and manipulating cultural systems, values, interpersonal relationships, behavioural norms and expectations. Choice of beverage is rarely a matter of personal taste. At the simplest level, drinks are used to define the nature of the occasion. In many Western cultures, for example, champagne is synonymous with celebration, such that if champagne is ordered or served at an otherwise 'ordinary' occasion, someone will invariably ask 'What are we celebrating?' In the Wiener Becken in Austria, sekt is drunk on formal occasions, while schnapps is reserved for more intimate, convivial gatherings - the type of drink served defines both the nature of the event and the social relationship between the drinkers. The choice of drink also dictates behaviour, to the extent that the appearance of a bottle of schnapps can prompt a switch from the 'polite' form of address, sie, to the highly intimate du. Q. The author states the different functions of drinking in order to

describe that drinking is socially positive and well received by all.

provide the names of different drinks and the occasions when they are consumed.

delineate and discuss the hidden aspects of the Western culture.

emphasize that alcohol is a symbolic tool to determine cultural values, relationships and behavioural patterns.

News media businesses can no longer rely solely on making money from traditional advertising and must embrace the multiple commercial opportunities from online, according to magazine publisher and broadcaster Andrew Neil. The Press Holdings chairman, BBC presenter and former Sunday Times editor said the changes sweeping the media industry were 'transformative and revolutionary' and that traditional ways of making money had all but eroded as increased competition and the explosion of online media erodes the exclusivity of advertising deals. Speaking at today's SIIA Global Information Industry Summit in London, Neil said that the internet was not a threat to the traditional printed media companies, but an 'essential' opportunity to diversify and ultimately save them. 'Sensible newspaper and magazine publishers do not see online as a threat or something they have to do because 'it is the future, so let's do it and grit our teeth',' he said. 'Offline publications are still necessary for brand building and because people still like to hold a newspaper or particularly a magazine. But the revenues for that are in decline as search engines make classified ads increasingly irrelevant.' Neil pointed out that his magazine websites - he is also chairman of ITP Publishing, the Gulf's largest magazine publishers - were visited mainly by people who also read the print version and visit the site 'for the additional material that is only online'. He said The Spectator, owned by Press Holdings, had achieved great success with its Coffee House network of blogs, which has 200,000 unique users a month and will contribute '20 percent of the bottom line' this year in terms of revenue. He also pointed out that the one of the biggest spikes in traffic for Telegraph.co.uk was around 10am every day, when the print readers had finished their Daily Telegraph and wanted to know what else its journalists were doing. 'You now need to use online to do a whole host of things that you just could not before,' he added. 'It ceases to be an either-or situation.' Neil admitted the going was tough for the media in a multi-platform world with complex revenue streams but it was, for him at least, 'a lot more fun'. He contrasted the UK market with the US, in which newspapers are run by big city monopolies that are unused to competition and 'run for the journalists and not for the readers'. In the UK many mainstream publishers grasped the need to diversify early on: 'Most trends like this begin in the US but in this trend the British media are particularly much ahead of them,' he said. 'British newspapers have always been used to competition: it's the most competitive newspaper market in the world bar none.' Q. Why do the people visit the website after reading newspapers and magazines?

Because print versions do not have in-depth information.

Because online versions are easy to access and read.

To get information which is not there in the published papers.

Because online versions come free of cost.

News media businesses can no longer rely solely on making money from traditional advertising and must embrace the multiple commercial opportunities from online, according to magazine publisher and broadcaster Andrew Neil. The Press Holdings chairman, BBC presenter and former Sunday Times editor said the changes sweeping the media industry were 'transformative and revolutionary' and that traditional ways of making money had all but eroded as increased competition and the explosion of online media erodes the exclusivity of advertising deals. Speaking at today's SIIA Global Information Industry Summit in London, Neil said that the internet was not a threat to the traditional printed media companies, but an 'essential' opportunity to diversify and ultimately save them. 'Sensible newspaper and magazine publishers do not see online as a threat or something they have to do because 'it is the future, so let's do it and grit our teeth',' he said. 'Offline publications are still necessary for brand building and because people still like to hold a newspaper or particularly a magazine. But the revenues for that are in decline as search engines make classified ads increasingly irrelevant.' Neil pointed out that his magazine websites - he is also chairman of ITP Publishing, the Gulf's largest magazine publishers - were visited mainly by people who also read the print version and visit the site 'for the additional material that is only online'. He said The Spectator, owned by Press Holdings, had achieved great success with its Coffee House network of blogs, which has 200,000 unique users a month and will contribute '20 percent of the bottom line' this year in terms of revenue. He also pointed out that the one of the biggest spikes in traffic for Telegraph.co.uk was around 10am every day, when the print readers had finished their Daily Telegraph and wanted to know what else its journalists were doing. 'You now need to use online to do a whole host of things that you just could not before,' he added. 'It ceases to be an either-or situation.' Neil admitted the going was tough for the media in a multi-platform world with complex revenue streams but it was, for him at least, 'a lot more fun'. He contrasted the UK market with the US, in which newspapers are run by big city monopolies that are unused to competition and 'run for the journalists and not for the readers'. In the UK many mainstream publishers grasped the need to diversify early on: 'Most trends like this begin in the US but in this trend the British media are particularly much ahead of them,' he said. 'British newspapers have always been used to competition: it's the most competitive newspaper market in the world bar none.' Q. Why are the offline publications still necessary when the online version is so comprehensive?

Because they help in attracting customers.

Because they are run for the journalists and the readers.

Because they play an important role in building the brand of the publication.

Because people don't believe information till the time it is in printed form.

News media businesses can no longer rely solely on making money from traditional advertising and must embrace the multiple commercial opportunities from online, according to magazine publisher and broadcaster Andrew Neil. The Press Holdings chairman, BBC presenter and former Sunday Times editor said the changes sweeping the media industry were 'transformative and revolutionary' and that traditional ways of making money had all but eroded as increased competition and the explosion of online media erodes the exclusivity of advertising deals. Speaking at today's SIIA Global Information Industry Summit in London, Neil said that the internet was not a threat to the traditional printed media companies, but an 'essential' opportunity to diversify and ultimately save them. 'Sensible newspaper and magazine publishers do not see online as a threat or something they have to do because 'it is the future, so let's do it and grit our teeth',' he said. 'Offline publications are still necessary for brand building and because people still like to hold a newspaper or particularly a magazine. But the revenues for that are in decline as search engines make classified ads increasingly irrelevant.' Neil pointed out that his magazine websites - he is also chairman of ITP Publishing, the Gulf's largest magazine publishers - were visited mainly by people who also read the print version and visit the site 'for the additional material that is only online'. He said The Spectator, owned by Press Holdings, had achieved great success with its Coffee House network of blogs, which has 200,000 unique users a month and will contribute '20 percent of the bottom line' this year in terms of revenue. He also pointed out that the one of the biggest spikes in traffic for Telegraph.co.uk was around 10am every day, when the print readers had finished their Daily Telegraph and wanted to know what else its journalists were doing. 'You now need to use online to do a whole host of things that you just could not before,' he added. 'It ceases to be an either-or situation.' Neil admitted the going was tough for the media in a multi-platform world with complex revenue streams but it was, for him at least, 'a lot more fun'. He contrasted the UK market with the US, in which newspapers are run by big city monopolies that are unused to competition and 'run for the journalists and not for the readers'. In the UK many mainstream publishers grasped the need to diversify early on: 'Most trends like this begin in the US but in this trend the British media are particularly much ahead of them,' he said. 'British newspapers have always been used to competition: it's the most competitive newspaper market in the world bar none.' Q. Why don't sensible newspapers and magazine publishers see the internet as a menace to their business?

Because the internet helps in diversifying their business.

Because people read both online and offline versions of ads.

Because online advertisement increases the revenue of the publishes.

Because they know that both forms of media are complimentary and need to be leveraged.

News media businesses can no longer rely solely on making money from traditional advertising and must embrace the multiple commercial opportunities from online, according to magazine publisher and broadcaster Andrew Neil. The Press Holdings chairman, BBC presenter and former Sunday Times editor said the changes sweeping the media industry were 'transformative and revolutionary' and that traditional ways of making money had all but eroded as increased competition and the explosion of online media erodes the exclusivity of advertising deals. Speaking at today's SIIA Global Information Industry Summit in London, Neil said that the internet was not a threat to the traditional printed media companies, but an 'essential' opportunity to diversify and ultimately save them. 'Sensible newspaper and magazine publishers do not see online as a threat or something they have to do because 'it is the future, so let's do it and grit our teeth',' he said. 'Offline publications are still necessary for brand building and because people still like to hold a newspaper or particularly a magazine. But the revenues for that are in decline as search engines make classified ads increasingly irrelevant.' Neil pointed out that his magazine websites - he is also chairman of ITP Publishing, the Gulf's largest magazine publishers - were visited mainly by people who also read the print version and visit the site 'for the additional material that is only online'. He said The Spectator, owned by Press Holdings, had achieved great success with its Coffee House network of blogs, which has 200,000 unique users a month and will contribute '20 percent of the bottom line' this year in terms of revenue. He also pointed out that the one of the biggest spikes in traffic for Telegraph.co.uk was around 10am every day, when the print readers had finished their Daily Telegraph and wanted to know what else its journalists were doing. 'You now need to use online to do a whole host of things that you just could not before,' he added. 'It ceases to be an either-or situation.' Neil admitted the going was tough for the media in a multi-platform world with complex revenue streams but it was, for him at least, 'a lot more fun'. He contrasted the UK market with the US, in which newspapers are run by big city monopolies that are unused to competition and 'run for the journalists and not for the readers'. In the UK many mainstream publishers grasped the need to diversify early on: 'Most trends like this begin in the US but in this trend the British media are particularly much ahead of them,' he said. 'British newspapers have always been used to competition: it's the most competitive newspaper market in the world bar none.' Q. What does Neil mean when he says 'let's do it and grit our teeth'?

Let's build up the reputation of print media.

Let's make newspapers and magazines more competitive.

Let's embrace the online media and utilize it.

Let's work towards brand building in new and innovative fashion.

News media businesses can no longer rely solely on making money from traditional advertising and must embrace the multiple commercial opportunities from online, according to magazine publisher and broadcaster Andrew Neil. The Press Holdings chairman, BBC presenter and former Sunday Times editor said the changes sweeping the media industry were 'transformative and revolutionary' and that traditional ways of making money had all but eroded as increased competition and the explosion of online media erodes the exclusivity of advertising deals. Speaking at today's SIIA Global Information Industry Summit in London, Neil said that the internet was not a threat to the traditional printed media companies, but an 'essential' opportunity to diversify and ultimately save them. 'Sensible newspaper and magazine publishers do not see online as a threat or something they have to do because 'it is the future, so let's do it and grit our teeth',' he said. 'Offline publications are still necessary for brand building and because people still like to hold a newspaper or particularly a magazine. But the revenues for that are in decline as search engines make classified ads increasingly irrelevant.' Neil pointed out that his magazine websites - he is also chairman of ITP Publishing, the Gulf's largest magazine publishers - were visited mainly by people who also read the print version and visit the site 'for the additional material that is only online'. He said The Spectator, owned by Press Holdings, had achieved great success with its Coffee House network of blogs, which has 200,000 unique users a month and will contribute '20 percent of the bottom line' this year in terms of revenue. He also pointed out that the one of the biggest spikes in traffic for Telegraph.co.uk was around 10am every day, when the print readers had finished their Daily Telegraph and wanted to know what else its journalists were doing. 'You now need to use online to do a whole host of things that you just could not before,' he added. 'It ceases to be an either-or situation.' Neil admitted the going was tough for the media in a multi-platform world with complex revenue streams but it was, for him at least, 'a lot more fun'. He contrasted the UK market with the US, in which newspapers are run by big city monopolies that are unused to competition and 'run for the journalists and not for the readers'. In the UK many mainstream publishers grasped the need to diversify early on: 'Most trends like this begin in the US but in this trend the British media are particularly much ahead of them,' he said. 'British newspapers have always been used to competition: it's the most competitive newspaper market in the world bar none.' Q. How is the US media market different from that of the UK?

In the US, online advertisement is much more popular than in the UK.

In the UK, the competition in the market is much more than it is in the US.

In the US, the newspapers are more inclined towards the journalists than the public.

INDIA-PAKISTAN relations have witnessed a series of lows since the January 2016 Pathankot terror attack, which had happened barely a week after PM Narendra Modi made a surprise stopover in Lahore to extend birthday wishes to then premier Nawaz Sharif. The ties deteriorated so sharply last year after the Pulwama terror attack and the Balakot airstrikes that India did not even invite Pakistan Prime Minister Imran Khan to Modi's swearing-in, even as Sharif had attended the ceremony when the NDA-I government took charge in 2014. The abrogation of Article 370 and the enactment of the Citizenship Amendment Act have further riled the neighbour. Amid the prolonged chill, the prospect of a thaw has emerged, with India deciding to invite Imran Khan for the annual meeting of the council of heads of government of the China-dominated Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) later this year. While the SCO charter stipulates that the host can't leave out any member country, India has the opportunity to use the international platform to re-engage with Pakistan. Once the invitation is extended, the onus will be on Imran to be present himself to reciprocate the diplomatic overture or send one of his ministers. Q. Which of the following can be inferred from the line 'Amid the prolonged chill, the prospect of a thaw has emerged'?

Pakistan has a chance to engage with India on an international platform.

India has a chance to reduce tensions with Pakistan by engaging in bilateral talks via SCO summit.

SCO summit is an international platform where Pakistan has to be invited.

SCO summit puts onus on Imran Khan to improve relations with India.

INDIA-PAKISTAN relations have witnessed a series of lows since the January 2016 Pathankot terror attack, which had happened barely a week after PM Narendra Modi made a surprise stopover in Lahore to extend birthday wishes to then premier Nawaz Sharif. The ties deteriorated so sharply last year after the Pulwama terror attack and the Balakot airstrikes that India did not even invite Pakistan Prime Minister Imran Khan to Modi's swearing-in, even as Sharif had attended the ceremony when the NDA-I government took charge in 2014. The abrogation of Article 370 and the enactment of the Citizenship Amendment Act have further riled the neighbour. Amid the prolonged chill, the prospect of a thaw has emerged, with India deciding to invite Imran Khan for the annual meeting of the council of heads of government of the China-dominated Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) later this year. While the SCO charter stipulates that the host can't leave out any member country, India has the opportunity to use the international platform to re-engage with Pakistan. Once the invitation is extended, the onus will be on Imran to be present himself to reciprocate the diplomatic overture or send one of his ministers. Q. Which of the following, based on the author's arguments, would be the best approach for Imran Khan?

To boycott the summit due to abrogation of Article 370

To attend the summit because China is also a part of it

To boycott the summit because Modi didn't invite Imran Khan to his swearing-in

To attend the summit because it can provide an opportunity to re-engage with India

INDIA-PAKISTAN relations have witnessed a series of lows since the January 2016 Pathankot terror attack, which had happened barely a week after PM Narendra Modi made a surprise stopover in Lahore to extend birthday wishes to then premier Nawaz Sharif. The ties deteriorated so sharply last year after the Pulwama terror attack and the Balakot airstrikes that India did not even invite Pakistan Prime Minister Imran Khan to Modi's swearing-in, even as Sharif had attended the ceremony when the NDA-I government took charge in 2014. The abrogation of Article 370 and the enactment of the Citizenship Amendment Act have further riled the neighbour. Amid the prolonged chill, the prospect of a thaw has emerged, with India deciding to invite Imran Khan for the annual meeting of the council of heads of government of the China-dominated Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) later this year. While the SCO charter stipulates that the host can't leave out any member country, India has the opportunity to use the international platform to re-engage with Pakistan. Once the invitation is extended, the onus will be on Imran to be present himself to reciprocate the diplomatic overture or send one of his ministers. Q. According to paragraph, why has India invited Pakistan to the SCO summit?

Because Pakistan is a member of SCO.

Because SCO summit provides an opportunity to improve bilateral relations.

Because Imran khan was not invited to Modi's swearing in ceremony.

Because India has been coerced by China dominated SCO.

INDIA-PAKISTAN relations have witnessed a series of lows since the January 2016 Pathankot terror attack, which had happened barely a week after PM Narendra Modi made a surprise stopover in Lahore to extend birthday wishes to then premier Nawaz Sharif. The ties deteriorated so sharply last year after the Pulwama terror attack and the Balakot airstrikes that India did not even invite Pakistan Prime Minister Imran Khan to Modi's swearing-in, even as Sharif had attended the ceremony when the NDA-I government took charge in 2014. The abrogation of Article 370 and the enactment of the Citizenship Amendment Act have further riled the neighbour. Amid the prolonged chill, the prospect of a thaw has emerged, with India deciding to invite Imran Khan for the annual meeting of the council of heads of government of the China-dominated Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) later this year. While the SCO charter stipulates that the host can't leave out any member country, India has the opportunity to use the international platform to re-engage with Pakistan. Once the invitation is extended, the onus will be on Imran to be present himself to reciprocate the diplomatic overture or send one of his ministers. Q. What can be inferred from the statement 'PM Narendra Modi made a surprise stopover in Lahore to extend birthday wishes to then premier Nawaz Sharif'.

Modi had personal relations with Nawaz Sharif.

India had better relations with Pakistan in 2014 visa-a-vis the current situation.

India had worse relations with Pakistan in 2014 as compared to the current situation.

Nawaz Sharif had also invited Narendra Modi on his birthday.

INDIA-PAKISTAN relations have witnessed a series of lows since the January 2016 Pathankot terror attack, which had happened barely a week after PM Narendra Modi made a surprise stopover in Lahore to extend birthday wishes to then premier Nawaz Sharif. The ties deteriorated so sharply last year after the Pulwama terror attack and the Balakot airstrikes that India did not even invite Pakistan Prime Minister Imran Khan to Modi's swearing-in, even as Sharif had attended the ceremony when the NDA-I government took charge in 2014. The abrogation of Article 370 and the enactment of the Citizenship Amendment Act have further riled the neighbour. Amid the prolonged chill, the prospect of a thaw has emerged, with India deciding to invite Imran Khan for the annual meeting of the council of heads of government of the China-dominated Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) later this year. While the SCO charter stipulates that the host can't leave out any member country, India has the opportunity to use the international platform to re-engage with Pakistan. Once the invitation is extended, the onus will be on Imran to be present himself to reciprocate the diplomatic overture or send one of his ministers. Q. According to the passage, what was the effect of abrogation of Article 370?

It did not affect the bilateral relations between India and Pakistan

Both Pakistan and China are miffed by it.

Pakistan was miffed by it and it has had a negative impact.

It made it necessary to invite Pakistan to the SCO summit.

Phatik Chakravorti was the ringleader among the boys of the village. A new mischief got into his head. There was a heavy log lying on the mud-flat of the river waiting to be shaped into a mast for a boat. He decided that they should all work together to shift the log by main force from its place and roll it away. The owner of the log would be angry and surprised, and they would all enjoy the fun. Every one seconded the proposal, and it was carried unanimously. But just as the fun was about to begin, Makhan, Phatik's younger brother, sauntered up, and sat down on the log in front of them all without a word. The boys were puzzled for a moment. He was pushed, rather timidly, by one of the boys and told to get up but he remained quite unconcerned. He appeared like a young philosopher meditating on the futility of games. Phatik was furious. 'Makhan,' he cried, 'if you don't get down this minute I'll thrash you!' Makhan only moved to a more comfortable position. Now, if Phatik was to keep his regal dignity before the public, it was clear he ought to carry out his threat. But his courage failed him at the crisis. His fertile brain, however, rapidly seized upon a new manoeuvre which would discomfit his brother and afford his followers an added amusement. He gave the word of command to roll the log and Makhan over together. Makhan heard the order, and made it a point of honour to stick on. But he overlooked the fact, like those who attempt earthly fame in other matters, that there was peril in it. Q. It can be inferred from the last sentence that

Makhan was an extremely intelligent boy.

Makhan was unaware of the consequence of his action.

Makhan didn't realize his mistake.

Phatik Chakravorti was the ringleader among the boys of the village. A new mischief got into his head. There was a heavy log lying on the mud-flat of the river waiting to be shaped into a mast for a boat. He decided that they should all work together to shift the log by main force from its place and roll it away. The owner of the log would be angry and surprised, and they would all enjoy the fun. Every one seconded the proposal, and it was carried unanimously. But just as the fun was about to begin, Makhan, Phatik's younger brother, sauntered up, and sat down on the log in front of them all without a word. The boys were puzzled for a moment. He was pushed, rather timidly, by one of the boys and told to get up but he remained quite unconcerned. He appeared like a young philosopher meditating on the futility of games. Phatik was furious. 'Makhan,' he cried, 'if you don't get down this minute I'll thrash you!' Makhan only moved to a more comfortable position. Now, if Phatik was to keep his regal dignity before the public, it was clear he ought to carry out his threat. But his courage failed him at the crisis. His fertile brain, however, rapidly seized upon a new manoeuvre which would discomfit his brother and afford his followers an added amusement. He gave the word of command to roll the log and Makhan over together. Makhan heard the order, and made it a point of honour to stick on. But he overlooked the fact, like those who attempt earthly fame in other matters, that there was peril in it. Q. It can be inferred from the passage that

a planned mischief may get the concerned persons into trouble.

it is better to be a meditating philosopher than to be a prankster.

Makhan and Pathik got into a confrontation.

Phatik hated his brother but was afraid of their parents.

Phatik Chakravorti was the ringleader among the boys of the village. A new mischief got into his head. There was a heavy log lying on the mud-flat of the river waiting to be shaped into a mast for a boat. He decided that they should all work together to shift the log by main force from its place and roll it away. The owner of the log would be angry and surprised, and they would all enjoy the fun. Every one seconded the proposal, and it was carried unanimously. But just as the fun was about to begin, Makhan, Phatik's younger brother, sauntered up, and sat down on the log in front of them all without a word. The boys were puzzled for a moment. He was pushed, rather timidly, by one of the boys and told to get up but he remained quite unconcerned. He appeared like a young philosopher meditating on the futility of games. Phatik was furious. 'Makhan,' he cried, 'if you don't get down this minute I'll thrash you!' Makhan only moved to a more comfortable position. Now, if Phatik was to keep his regal dignity before the public, it was clear he ought to carry out his threat. But his courage failed him at the crisis. His fertile brain, however, rapidly seized upon a new manoeuvre which would discomfit his brother and afford his followers an added amusement. He gave the word of command to roll the log and Makhan over together. Makhan heard the order, and made it a point of honour to stick on. But he overlooked the fact, like those who attempt earthly fame in other matters, that there was peril in it. Q. The primary purpose of the author is to

provide a compelling argument for treating others with respect.

narrate the story of a mischievous boy and his followers.

narrate the story of a kind village boy and his callow attitude.

narrate the story of two brothers and their struggles.

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