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Test: September 2022 Weekly Current Affair - 1 - UPSC MCQ


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25 Questions MCQ Test - Test: September 2022 Weekly Current Affair - 1

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Test: September 2022 Weekly Current Affair - 1 - Question 1

Which of the following can aid furthering the government’s objective of Financial Inclusion?

  1. Affordable payment and remittance services
  2. Promoting savings by opening zero balance bank account.
  3. Disbursal of interest free loans to economically weaker section
  4. Financial advice to the disadvantaged groups

Select the correct answer code:

Detailed Solution for Test: September 2022 Weekly Current Affair - 1 - Question 1

Financial inclusion means that individuals and businesses have access to useful and affordable financial products and services that meet their needs – transactions, payments, savings, credit and insurance – delivered in a responsible and sustainable way.

Test: September 2022 Weekly Current Affair - 1 - Question 2

RBI has around $570 billion of Forex reserves. It is acquired by the RBI for which of the following reasons

  1. To gain external account security
  2. To enjoy favourable credit rating
  3. To deter speculations
  4. To import essentials for economic and social security

Select the correct answer code:

Detailed Solution for Test: September 2022 Weekly Current Affair - 1 - Question 2

India’s foreign exchange (Forex) reserves stand at around $570 billion. It is acquired by the RBI for the following reasons:

  1. To defend the rupee when needed
  2. To gain external account security
  3. To enable country to globalise further
  4. To import essentials for economic and social security
  5. To deter speculations
  6. To enjoy favourable rating by sovereign credit rating agencies.
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Test: September 2022 Weekly Current Affair - 1 - Question 3

Consider the following statements.

  1. A company or business is said to be “over leveraged” if it has unsustainably high debt against its operating cash flows and equity.
  2. An over leveraged company would find it difficult to make interest and principal repayments to its creditors.
  3. An over leveraged company will always become bankrupt.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: September 2022 Weekly Current Affair - 1 - Question 3

A company or business is said to be “over leveraged” if it has unsustainably high debt against its operating cash flows and equity. Such a company would find it difficult to make interest and principal repayments to its creditors, and may struggle to meet its operating expenses as well. In the latter case, the company may be forced to borrow even more just to keep going, and thus enter a vicious cycle. This situation can ultimately lead to the company going bankrupt.

Test: September 2022 Weekly Current Affair - 1 - Question 4

Consider the following statements regarding Contempt of Court.

  1. The expression ‘contempt of court’ has not been defined by the Constitution.
  2. The Supreme Court and High Courts derive their contempt powers from The Contempt of Court Act, 1971.
  3. Fair and reasonable criticism of judicial acts and comment on the administrative side of the judiciary do not amount to contempt of court.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: September 2022 Weekly Current Affair - 1 - Question 4

Contempt of Court:

  • The expression ‘contempt of court’ has not been defined by the Constitution.
  • Contempt of Court refers to the offence of showing disrespect to the dignity or authority of a court.
  • The objective for contempt is stated to be to safeguard the interests of the public if the authority of the Court is denigrated and public confidence in the administration of justice is weakened or eroded.

The Supreme Court and High Courts derive their contempt powers from the Constitution.
As per the Contempt of Courts Act 1971, contempt refers to the offence of showing disrespect to the dignity or authority of a court.
The act divides contempt into civil and criminal contempt.

  • Civil contempt:It is willful disobedience to any judgment, decree, direction, order, writ or other processes of a court or wilful breach of an undertaking given to the court.
  • Criminal contempt:It is any publication which may result in:
  • Scandalising the court by lowering its authority.
  • Interference in the due course of a judicial proceeding.
  • An obstruction in the administration of justice.

However, innocent publication and distribution of some matter, fair and reasonable criticism of judicial acts and comment on the administrative side of the judiciary do not amount to contempt of court.

Test: September 2022 Weekly Current Affair - 1 - Question 5

Consider the following statements.

  1. All food grain procurement operations in India are undertaken by the Food Corporation of India (FCI).
  2. Food Corporation of India (FCI) decides the issue prices of food grains.

Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?

Detailed Solution for Test: September 2022 Weekly Current Affair - 1 - Question 5
  • FCI is the nodal central agency of Government of India. FCI, along with other state agencies takes up the procurement of Wheat and Paddy. This is done under the Price Support Scheme.
  • Apart from these two, Coarse grains (Jowar, Bajra etc.) are also procured. This is taken by the State Government agencies as per the directions issued by Government of India.
  • FCI procures the food grains. It does not decide the issue price. Commission of Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP) only recommends prices to the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA). It is the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) which finally decides the issue price.
Test: September 2022 Weekly Current Affair - 1 - Question 6

UN convention on the Rights of persons with disabilities recognises which of these rights for the differently abled?

  1. Right to personal mobility
  2. Right to accessibility including the information technology
  3. Right to participation in political and public life

Select the correct answer code:

Detailed Solution for Test: September 2022 Weekly Current Affair - 1 - Question 6

Rights specific to this convention include the rights to accessibility including the information technology, the rights to live independently and be included in the community (Article 19), to personal mobility (article 20), habilitation and rehabilitation (Article 26), and to participation in political and public life, and cultural life, recreation and sport (Articles 29 and 30).

Test: September 2022 Weekly Current Affair - 1 - Question 7

Consider the following statements regarding Pangong Tso Lake.

  1. Pangong Tso Lake is an endorheic lake in the Himalayas.
  2. It is part of the Indus river basin area.
  3. It is under the Ramsar Convention as a wetland of international importance.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: September 2022 Weekly Current Affair - 1 - Question 7
  • Pangong Tso Lake is an endorheic lake in the Himalayas situated at a height of about 4,350 m. It is 134 km (83 mi) long and extends from India to the Tibetan Autonomous Region, China. Approximately 60% of the length of the lake lies within the Tibetan Autonomous Region.
  • During winter the lake freezes completely, despite being saline water. It is not a part of the Indus river basin area and geographically a separate landlocked river basin.
  • The lake is in the process of being identified under the Ramsar Convention as a wetland of international importance. This will be the first trans-boundary wetland in South Asia under the convention.
Test: September 2022 Weekly Current Affair - 1 - Question 8

Which of the following ideally should not be features of a democratic polity?

  1. Military can take over civilian institutions if they fail to deliver on democratic hopes
  2. Censorship of the press
  3. The Government should not be run by non-elected individuals.

Select the correct answer code:

Detailed Solution for Test: September 2022 Weekly Current Affair - 1 - Question 8

1, 2, 3

Explanation:

A democratic polity should ideally have the following features:

1. Civilian control over the military: In a democracy, the military should be under the control of elected civilian leaders, and should not take over civilian institutions. Military coups or interference in politics goes against the principles of democracy.

2. Freedom of the press: A democratic system thrives on a free and independent press that can hold the government accountable and provide citizens with accurate information. Censorship of the press limits the ability of citizens to make informed decisions and participate in the democratic process.

3. Government run by elected representatives: A key principle of democracy is that the government is chosen by the people through regular, free, and fair elections. Non-elected individuals running the government undermines the democratic process and the will of the people.

So, all three of the mentioned features (military taking over civilian institutions, censorship of the press, and the government run by non-elected individuals) ideally should not be part of a democratic polity.

Test: September 2022 Weekly Current Affair - 1 - Question 9

Umngot River, considered as India’s clearest river is located in 

Detailed Solution for Test: September 2022 Weekly Current Affair - 1 - Question 9

Umngot is India’s clearest river located in Meghalaya.

Test: September 2022 Weekly Current Affair - 1 - Question 10

Martand Sun Temple, recently in news is located in 

Detailed Solution for Test: September 2022 Weekly Current Affair - 1 - Question 10
  • Around 1200 years ago, a great king built a grand temple, dedicated to Martand, the Sun god. The temple survives partially today in Jammu and Kashmir’s Anantnag. It still makes for an impressive sight with the formidable grey walls standing stark against the blue sky, broken grey fragments strewn around the green grass. Some of the walls bear clear carvings of deities, and the beauty and symmetry of the temple are still amply evident. The temple is ringed by a row of pillars—the peristyle common in Kashmiri temple architecture.
  • The Martand Temple was built by the Karkota dynasty king Lalitaditya Muktapida, who ruled Kashmir from 725 AD to 753 AD.
  • Dedicated to Vishnu-Surya, the Martand Temple has three distinct chambers—the mandapa, the garbhagriha, and the antralaya—probably the only three-chambered temple in Kashmir.
  • The temple is built in a unique Kashmiri style, though it has definite Gandhar influences.
Test: September 2022 Weekly Current Affair - 1 - Question 11

Mamangam was a 28-day-long medieval trade festival celebrated in 

Detailed Solution for Test: September 2022 Weekly Current Affair - 1 - Question 11

Mamangam was a 28-day-long trade festival celebrated once every 12 years in Kerala on the banks of the Bharathappuzha, also known as Nila.

Test: September 2022 Weekly Current Affair - 1 - Question 12

In what ways do naturally-occurring wildfires play an integral role in nature?

  1. They help return nutrients to the soil
  2. They act as a disinfectant
  3. They allow sunlight to reach the forest floor, enabling a new generation of seedlings to grow

Select the correct answer code:

Detailed Solution for Test: September 2022 Weekly Current Affair - 1 - Question 12

“Although often harmful and destructive to humans, naturally occurring wildfires play an integral role in nature. They return nutrients to the soil by burning dead or decaying matter. They also act as a disinfectant, removing disease-ridden plants and harmful insects from a forest ecosystem. And by burning through thick canopies and brushy undergrowth, wildfires allow sunlight to reach the forest floor, enabling a new generation of seedlings to grow.”

Test: September 2022 Weekly Current Affair - 1 - Question 13

Which of the following are the sources of arsenic contamination.

  1. Weathering of rocks and minerals followed by leaching and runoff.
  2. Intense exploitation of groundwater
  3. Iron coprecipitation
  4. Burning of coal

Select the correct answer code:

Detailed Solution for Test: September 2022 Weekly Current Affair - 1 - Question 13
  • The sources of arsenic are natural or may partly stem from anthropogenic activities like intense exploitation of groundwater, application of fertilizers, burning of coal and leaching of metals from coal-ash tailings.
  • Arseni is introduced into soil and groundwater during weathering of rocks and minerals followed by subsequent leaching and runoff.
  • Among the various arsenic removal technologies, lime softening and iron coprecipitation have been reported to be the most effective.
Test: September 2022 Weekly Current Affair - 1 - Question 14

Consider the following statements regarding Majuli Island.

  1. Majuli Island is the world’s largest fully habituated river island located in the Brahmaputra River.
  2. It became the first island to be made a district in India.
  3. Majuli is the abode of the Assamese neo-Vaishnavite culture.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: September 2022 Weekly Current Affair - 1 - Question 14
  • The world’s largest, fully habituated river island Majuli is situated in the middle of Brahamputra, with the Kaziranga National Park touching Jorhat and Nagaon.
  • Mājuli is the abode of the Assamese neo-Vaishnavite culture.
  • In 2016 it became the first island to be made a district in India.
Test: September 2022 Weekly Current Affair - 1 - Question 15

Consider the following statements regarding the Preamble of the Indian Constitution.

  1. When the Indian Constitution was being drafted, the ideals behind the preamble were first laid down in the Objectives Resolution, adopted by the Constituent Assembly in 1947.
  2. Preamble is enforceable in a court of law.
  3. The 42nd Amendment to the Constitution, passed in 1976 replaced the words “sovereign democratic republic” with “sovereign socialist secular democratic republic”.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: September 2022 Weekly Current Affair - 1 - Question 15
  • A preamble serves as an introduction to a document and contains its basic principles and goals. When the Indian Constitution was being drafted, the ideals behind the preamble were first laid down in the Objectives Resolution, adopted by the Constituent Assembly in 1947. 
  • Additionally, the violation of any principle mentioned in the preamble cannot be a reason to go to court, meaning the preamble is “non-justiciable” — however, judgments of courts can cite it as an additional factor in their reasoning, given that it constitutes the spirit of the Constitution.
  • The 42nd Amendment to the Constitution, passed in 1976 when the Emergency was in place, replaced the words “sovereign democratic republic” with “sovereign socialist secular democratic republic”. It also changed “unity of the nation” to “unity and integrity of the nation”.
Test: September 2022 Weekly Current Affair - 1 - Question 16

Consider the following statements regarding UN peacekeeping forces.

  1. According to UN Charter every Member State is legally obligated to pay their respective share for peacekeeping.
  2. Peacekeeping forces are contributed by UN member states on voluntary basis.
  3. Civilian personnel cannot be part of UN peacekeepers.

Which of the above statements is/ are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: September 2022 Weekly Current Affair - 1 - Question 16
  • United Nations Peacekeeping is a joint effort between the Department of Peace Operations and the Department of Operational Support. Every peacekeeping mission is authorized by the Security Council.
  • The financial resources of UN Peacekeeping operations are the collective responsibility of UN Member States. According to UN Charter every Member State is legally obligated to pay their respective share for peacekeeping.
  • UN peacekeepers (often referred to as Blue Berets or Blue Helmets because of their light blue berets or helmets) can include soldiers, police officers, and civilian personnel. Peacekeeping forces are contributed by member states on a voluntary basis. Civilian staff of peace operations are international civil servants, recruited and deployed by the UN Secretariat.
Test: September 2022 Weekly Current Affair - 1 - Question 17

Rule of Law Index (RLI), sometimes seen in news was launched by

Detailed Solution for Test: September 2022 Weekly Current Affair - 1 - Question 17

India has ranked 79 out of 139 countries and jurisdictions in the World Justice Project’s (WJP) Rule of Law Index 2021. The WJP Rule of Law Index 2021 ranks the countries based on scores ranging from 0 to 1, with 1 indicating the strongest adherence to the rule of law.

Test: September 2022 Weekly Current Affair - 1 - Question 18

Consider the following statements regarding Global compact for migration.

  1. The global compact for migration is the first, inter-governmentally negotiated agreement to cover all dimensions of international migration.
  2. It was prepared under the auspices of the United Nations.
  3. The global compact is a legally binding agreement.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: September 2022 Weekly Current Affair - 1 - Question 18
  • The global compact for migration is the first, inter-governmentally negotiated agreement, prepared under the auspices of the United Nations, to cover all dimensions of international migration in a holistic and comprehensive manner.
  • The Global Compact for Migration is the first-ever UN global agreement on a common approach to international migration in all its dimensions. The global compact is non-legally binding.
Test: September 2022 Weekly Current Affair - 1 - Question 19

Consider the following statements.

  1. Article 14 says that the State shall not deny to any person equality before the law or the equal protection of the laws within the territory of India.
  2. Article 14 forbids class legislation and reasonable classification of persons.
  3. The equal protection of law concept originated from the United States Constitution, which means the law should be applied equally and fairly to all people.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: September 2022 Weekly Current Affair - 1 - Question 19
  • Article 14 says that the State shall not deny to any person equality before the law or the equal protection of the laws within the territory of India. This provision confers rights on all persons whether citizens or foreigners.
  • The Supreme Court held that where equals and unequals are treated differently, Article 14 does not apply. While Article 14 forbids class legislation, it permits reasonable classification of persons, subjects and transactions by the law.
  • For e.g. a special law can be made for differently abled as this classification is reasonable and just.
  • The concept of “equal protection of laws (EPL)” comes from the United States Constitution. It means that the law should be applied equally and fairly to all people.
    • UNICEF and WHO released this report to see progress on WASH (Water, Sanitation and Hygiene) and linkages between WASH and infection prevention and control (IPC).
    • Key findings:
    • Nearly 4 bn people are at risk since over 50% of health facilities in the world lack basic hygiene services.
    • Achieving universal access to WASHin health care facilities requires political will and strong leadership at both national and facility levels
    • Achieving it is highly cost-effectiveand would yield substantial health benefits.
    • Universal basic WASH servicescould be achieved in 46 least developed countries (LDCs) by 2030 for less than US$10 billion.
    • The WHO and UNICEFrelease progress updates on WASH in households, WASH in schools and WASH in health care facilities every two years.
    • WHO’s WASH Strategy has been developed in response to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (SDG 3:Good Health and Well Being, SDG 6: Clean Water And Sanitation).
Test: September 2022 Weekly Current Affair - 1 - Question 20

Consider the following statements regarding Kurki, recently seen in news.

  1. Kurki means attachment of a farmer’s land, already pledged to the money lenders in case of a loan default.
  2. Kurki orders are executed under Civil Procedure Code, 1908.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: September 2022 Weekly Current Affair - 1 - Question 20
  • Kurki means attachment of a farmer’s land, already pledged to the money lending institution or individual, in case of a loan default. Apart from banks, private moneylenders, commission agents also get these decrees against farmers from time to time.
  • Kurki orders are executed under Section 60 of Civil Procedure Code, 1908. The land which is pledged by the farmer to the bank or money lender gets registered in their name. In some cases, the land is auctioned as well. The process begins after the money lender moves court to get kurki orders in case the farmer is unable to pay back his loan. In kurki, attachment of farmer’s land as well as his tractor can be done as per the Section 60.
Test: September 2022 Weekly Current Affair - 1 - Question 21

Consider the following statements.

  1. Millets have short growing season and lower water requirement for cultivation as against paddy and wheat.
  2. Government provides Minimum Support price for selected millets.
  3. Millets helps in carbon sequestration.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: September 2022 Weekly Current Affair - 1 - Question 21
  • Millets score over rice and wheat, whether in terms of vitamins, minerals and crude fibre content or amino acid profile. They are also hardier and drought-resistant crops, which has to do with their short growing season (70-100 days, as against 120-150 days for paddy/wheat) and lower water requirement (350-500 mm versus 600-1,200 mm).
  • Millet crops sequester carbon from the atmosphere.
  • Government provides Minimum Support price for selected millets.
Test: September 2022 Weekly Current Affair - 1 - Question 22

Consider the following statements regarding Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 (PMLA).

  1. The PMLA is in line with India’s global commitment to combat money laundering, particularly related to crimes involving drugs and narcotics.
  2. The Act impose obligation on banking companies and financial institutions to verify identity of clients, maintain records and furnish information in prescribed form to Financial Intelligence Unit – India (FIU-IND).
  3. One of its objectives is to confiscate and seize the property obtained from the laundered money.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: September 2022 Weekly Current Affair - 1 - Question 22

The PMLA was enacted in 2002 in line with India’s global commitment to combat money laundering, particularly related to crimes involving drugs and narcotics. 

  • The PMLA seeks to combat money laundering in India and has three main objectives:
  • To prevent and control money laundering.
  • To confiscate and seize the property obtained from the laundered money; and
  • To deal with any other issue connected with money laundering in India.

The Act and Rules notified there under impose obligation on banking companies, financial institutions and intermediaries to verify identity of clients, maintain records and furnish information in prescribed form to Financial Intelligence Unit – India (FIU-IND).

Test: September 2022 Weekly Current Affair - 1 - Question 23

Consider the following statements regarding United Nations Alliance of Civilizations (UNAOC).

  1. United Nations Alliance of Civilization (UNAOC) aims to improve understanding and cooperative relations among nations and peoples across cultures and religions.
  2. It helps to counter the forces that fuel polarization and extremism.
  3. UNAOC was established at the initiative of the Governments of India and USA.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: September 2022 Weekly Current Affair - 1 - Question 23

UNAOC: Alliance of Civilizations:

  • The Alliance of Civilizations aims to improve understanding and cooperative relations among nations and peoples across cultures and religions. It also helps to counter the forces that fuel polarization and extremism.
  • The United Nations Alliance of Civilization (UNAOC) was established in 2005, at the initiative of the Governments of Spain and Turkey, under the auspices of the United Nations.
Test: September 2022 Weekly Current Affair - 1 - Question 24

Consider the following statements regarding National Legal Services Authority (NALSA).

  1. National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) is a constitutional body that provides free legal services to weaker sections of society.
  2. Chief Justice of India is the Patron-in-Chief.
  3. In every State, State Legal Services Authority has been constituted to give effect to the policies and directions of the NALSA and to give free legal services to the people and conduct Lok Adalats in the State.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: September 2022 Weekly Current Affair - 1 - Question 24

NALSA has been constituted under the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987, to provide free legal services to weaker sections of society.
The aim is to ensure that opportunities for securing justice are not denied to any citizen by reasons of economic or other disabilities.

Composition:

  • As per section 3(2) of Legal Service Authorities Act, the Chief Justice of India shall be the Patron-in-Chief.
  • Second senior-most judge of Supreme Court of India is the Executive-Chairman.

State legal services authorities:

  • In every State, State Legal Services Authority has been constituted to give effect to the policies and directions of the NALSA and to give free legal services to the people and conduct Lok Adalats in the State. The State Legal Services Authority is headed by Hon’ble the Chief Justice of the respective High Court who is the Patron-in-Chief of the State Legal Services Authority.
Test: September 2022 Weekly Current Affair - 1 - Question 25

Consider the following statements regarding Yarlung Tsangpo River.

  1. It originates at Rongbuk Glacier in southern Tibet.
  2. The River forms the world’s deepest canyon, Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon.
  3. The River passes into the state of Arunachal Pradesh.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: September 2022 Weekly Current Affair - 1 - Question 25
  • The Yarlung Tsangpo is the upper stream of the Brahmaputra River located in the Tibet Autonomous Region, China. It is the longest river of Tibet.
  • Originating at Angsi Glacier in western Tibet, southeast of Mount Kailash and Lake Manasarovar, it later forms the South Tibet Valley and Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon before passing into the state of Arunachal Pradesh, India.
  • Downstream from Arunachal Pradesh the river becomes far wider and is called the Siang. After reaching Assam, the river is known as Brahmaputra. From Assam, the river enters Bangladesh.
  • When leaving the Tibetan Plateau, the River forms the world’s largest and deepest canyon, Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon.
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