Test: The Living World (April 16) - NEET MCQ

Biologists follow universally accepted principles to provide scientific names to known organisms. Each name has two components – the Generic name and the specific epithet. This system of providing a name with two components is called Binomial nomenclature. This naming system given by Carolus Linnaeus is being practised by biologists all over the world.

• Tautonyms are the scientific names in which both generic and specific epithets are the same. Tautonyms are used in zoological nomenclature.
• However, in the current rules for the nomenclature of living organisms, tautonyms are explicitly prohibited.
• Example: Rattus Rattus (Rat), Catla Catla(Catla), Gorilla gorilla(Western gorilla), etc.

If the kingdom is analogous to the trunk of the tree, Phylum taxonomic category would be analogous to the large limbs coming off that trunk.

(a) New individuals replace the dead ones i.e. True

(b) Homeostasis produces a self-regulated steady-state i.e. True

(c) Most homeostatic mechanisms operate through feedback systems i.e. True

(d) Cell obtains instructions for divisions from a hereditary protein i.e. False

Explanation:

• New individuals produced because of the reproduction will replace old ones in a species after their death. In this way, the existence of a species continues even after the death of some members.
• Homeostasis refers to an organism's ability to regulate various physiological processes to keep internal states steady and balanced.
• Feedback loops are biological mechanisms by which homeostasis is maintained. Hormones provide the best feedback mechanism. There are positive feedback mechanisms in which the hormone stimulates the production of itself example, estrogen before ovulation. There also are negative feedback mechanisms where a hormone inhibits its own production example thyroid hormone.
• Cell obtain instructions for divisions or regarding any other function from genes present on chromosomes not from a hereditary protein.​

So, the correct answer is option D.

4 All of the above

The group "Pteropsida" was proposed by Oswald Tipo to include all vascular plants that produce spores and have leaves with a vascular system. This group includes ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.

Ferns are a group of vascular plants that produce spores and have leaves with a vascular system. They are a type of pteropsid.

Gymnosperms are a group of vascular plants that produce seeds but do not have flowers or fruits. They include conifers, cycads, and ginkgos, and they are also a type of pteropsid.

Angiosperms are a group of vascular plants that produce seeds enclosed in a fruit. They include flowers and trees, and they are also a type of pteropsid.

Therefore, the group "Pteropsida" proposed by Oswald Tipo includes ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms, or all of the above.

The three domain system includes Archaebacteria, Eubacteria and Bacteria domain.

The virus in which genetic material is RNA are called retrovirus. In this virus reverse transcription takes place to form DNA that synthesisproteins.

Methanogens bacteria are present in the guts of ruminant animals such as cows and buffaloes.

The characteristic smell of cow dungs is due to methane gas produced by this bacteria.

• T2 phage is more properly called Enterobacteria phage T2.
• It is a virulent bacteriophage that infects Escherichia coli bacteria.
• It contains linear double-stranded DNA and is covered by a protective protein coat. 
• T2 is a 'tailed phage', one of a group known as the 'T4-like viruses'.

Blue green algae are also called as cyanobacteria. They are considered as most primitive organism that still survives. It includes different forms of unicellular and multicellular organisms.

The mouth of molluscs contains a file-like rasping organ for feeding, called radula.3. 

Torpedo fish has electric organ. They are known for being capable of producing an electric discharge ranging from 8 to 220 volts depending on species.

When continuity of distribution of a species is broken by uninhabited areas which are sometimes very large stretches of oceans, it is called as a discontinuous distribution.
The three surviving genera of lungfishes show discontinuous distribution, as they occur in three different continents Protopterus in Africa, Lepidosiren in South America and Neoceratodus in Australia.
So, the correct answer is 'Lung Fishes'

Poisonous snakes – Naja(Cobra), Bangarus(Krait), Vipera(Viper).

Annelida possesses longitudinal and circular muscles which help in locomotion. Aquatic annelids like Nereis possess lateral appendages, parapodia, which help in swimming. Parasitic animals like Leech possess suckers while earthworm possesses setae which aid in locomotion. Thus, the correct answer is option D.

In moss main plant body is gametophyte & sporophyte is  meant for spore dispersal mainly. Hence it is called that the sporophyte is partially parasitic on gametophyte.

Ginkgo biloba is called the living fossil. But Cycas revoluta a native of China and Japan common known as “Tesso” or Sago palm” is also called living fossil due to its primitive characters.

Spermatophytes are the seed plants. They are the plants bearing seeds containing a dormant embryo. It includes gymnosperms and angiosperms. Ginkgo belongs to group gymnosperms and pisum belongs to group angiosperms.

 Sexual reproduction in Spirogyra occurs by conjugation involving union of two gametes. The fusing gametes are similar but one is more active and passes into the other cell. This differentiation of gametes is called physiological anisogamy.

 Maize, Mint and Peepal are flowering plants or angiosperms but Pinus is a gymnosperm in which seeds are produced but flowers are not produced or seeds are not enclosed in flowers.