Test: Reproductive System in Humans - UPSC MCQ

During your menstrual cycle, hormones make the eggs in your ovaries mature — when an egg is mature, that means it's ready to be fertilized by a sperm cell. These hormones also make the lining of your uterus thick and spongy. If pregnancy doesn't happen, your body doesn't need the thick lining in your uterus.

The placenta is an organ that develops in the uterus during pregnancy. This structure provides oxygen and nutrients to growing baby and removes waste products from baby's blood. The placenta attaches to the wall of uterus and umbilical cord is formed from it. Placenta protects  the foetus and supplies the blood to the growing embryo.

Sperms are produced in the testes within the scrotum because they require a lower temperature than the body's core temperature for optimal development and function. The scrotum is positioned outside the body, allowing it to maintain a slightly lower temperature than the rest of the body, which is essential for spermatogenesis (the process of sperm production). This lower temperature is necessary for the viability and motility of sperm.

Sperm motility is the ability of sperm to move efficiently. This is important in fertility because sperm need to move through the woman's reproductive tract to reach and fertilize her egg.

In vitro fertilization (IVF) or test-tube baby technique involves fertilizing one or more eggs outside the body and then transferring the fertilized eggs known as pre-embryos back into the uterus. Zygote Intra Fallopian Transfer (ZIFT) is an example of IVF. In this, the zygote or early embryos upto 8 blastomeres are transferred into the Fallopian tube. If the embryo has more than 8 blastomeres then it is transferred into uterus called as IUT.

Testosterone is produced by the gonads  ( by the Leydig cells in testes in men and by the ovaries in women) , although small quantities are also produced by the adrenal glands in both sexes. It is an androgen, meaning that it stimulates the development of male charactersticks.

In female reproductive system function of the fallopian tubules is to carry the ovum released by the ovaries. In the same way, In male reproductive system, function of the Vas Deferens is to carry the sperms.

The key male reproductive organs include the testes, epididymis, urethra, vas deferens, prostate gland, seminal vesicle, and penis.

The actual fertilization takes place in oviduct. During sexual contact men sperm that was released into ovary reaches to oviduct with the help of their tail. At the same time ovam are released from female sex organ and reaches to oviduct. And finally firtilization occur here in oviduct.

An umbilical cord carries nutrients and oxygen from the placenta to the embryo, and carries wastes away. This structure lines part of the wall of the uterus during pregnancy and nourishes the embryo with substances from the mother's blood. cord—protect and nourish the developing embryo, and later the fetus. 
This is the function of reproductive system of females.