Test: Consumer Rights - 1 - UPSC MCQ

The consumer is the one who pays something to consume goods and services produced. As such, consumers play a vital role in theeconomic system of a nation. Without consumer demand, producers would lack one of the key motivations to produce: to sell to consumers. The consumer also forms part of the chain of distribution.

Adulteration is a legal term meaning that a food product fails to meet the legal standards. One form of adulteration is an addition of another substance to a food item in order to increase the quantity of the food item in raw form or prepared form, which may result in the loss of actual quality. Food is adulterated if it omits a valuable constituent or substitutes another substance, in whole or in part, for a valuable constituent ; conceals damage or inferiority in any manner ; or any substance has been added to it or packed with it to increase its bulk or weight, reduce its quality or strength, or make it appear bigger or of greater value than it is

Consumer exploitations is a situation in which a consumer in cheated or given false information by the producer. The factors which causes exploitation of consumers are:

(i) Limited information Consumers have limited

information about their rights and duties. Therefore, they get exploited by dishonest sellers.

(ii) Low Literacy and awareness The lack of knowledge about the quality or prices of various products or illiteracy causes exploitation of consumers.

(iii) Limited competition Markets do not work in a fair manner when producers are few and powerful and consumer and scattered and purchase less.

The consumer redressal is the right given to the consumer to meet the consumer court regarding any wrong practises done by the producers such as adulteration which affect human health and hence it is a right given to consumers as a result it is not the function of the public distribution system(PDS).The public distribution system helps in the distribution of food grains from the Godowns to rationshops.

It provides them with the basic rights such as the right to be protected against hazardous goods, right to protect themselves against Unfair Trade Practices, right to seek Redressal, the right to Consumer education, etc.

Right to adulteration aims at standardizing. The awareness of being a well-informed consumer which arose out of consumer movement has also shifted the responsibility of ensuring quality of goods and services on the sellers.

Of all the available fundamental rights, the most fundamental is the Right to Life. . Article 21 guarantees the protection of life and personal liberty to every individual and states that, "No person shall be deprived of his life and personal liberty except according to procedure established by law.

 Every year, 24th of December is observed as National Consumer Day in India. The theme of 2019 is “Alternate consumer grievance/dispute redressal”. On this day the Consumer Protection Act, 1986 had received the assent of the President and came into effect.

Copra is a rule regarding the protection of consumers from the violence it doesn't propose the formation of high court because

1) high court deals with the criminal and it is a criminal court
2) there are very no of cases pending in the high court
3) as a consumer doesn't want to file case in any criminal court because there decisions came very long and the could not get the redressal at time
4) for fighting their case a person must need his or her personal lawyer which could cost much
5) for awaring consumers consumer society or consumer court Is needed so that they get their redressal and could get justice

ISO stands for International Organization for Standardization which is an international standard-setting body composed of representatives from various national standards organizations.

Right to Information Act
The Right to Information Act is an important legislation that empowers citizens to access information from public authorities. It plays a crucial role in promoting transparency and accountability in the government.
The year the Right to Information Act was passed:
The Right to Information Act was passed in the year 2005.
Explanation:
Here's a detailed explanation of the passage of the Right to Information Act:
- The Right to Information Act was enacted by the Parliament of India and received Presidential assent on June 15, 2005.
- The Act came into force on October 12, 2005, and replaced the former Freedom of Information Act, 2002.
- The purpose of the Act is to provide citizens with the right to access information held by public authorities and promote transparency and accountability in government functioning.
- The Act applies to all states and union territories of India, except Jammu and Kashmir.
- Under the Act, any citizen of India can request information from a public authority by submitting a written request.
- The public authority is required to provide the requested information within 30 days, except in cases involving life and liberty, where the information must be provided within 48 hours.
- The Act also establishes a mechanism for the appointment of Information Commissioners at the Central and State levels to adjudicate on appeals and complaints related to the Act.
- The passage of the Right to Information Act has been instrumental in empowering citizens to hold the government accountable and ensure transparency in the functioning of public authorities.
Overall, the Right to Information Act has been a landmark legislation that has transformed the way information is accessed and utilized in India.

To identify the odd one out from the given options, we need to analyze the characteristics of each option and find the one that is different from the rest. Let's examine each option:
- A: Tiger
- B: Cow
- C: Lion
- D: Wolf
Characteristics:
1. Tiger and Lion are both large carnivorous mammals belonging to the same family (Felidae).
2. Cow is a large domesticated herbivorous mammal commonly used for milk and meat production.
3. Wolf is a wild carnivorous mammal that is known for its social behavior and hunting skills.
Analysis:
- Tiger, Lion, and Wolf are all carnivorous animals, while Cow is a herbivorous animal. Therefore, Cow stands out as the odd one out from the given options.
Conclusion:
Based on the analysis, the odd one out is Cow (option B) as it is the only herbivorous animal among the given options.

The other three are name of the important signs or marks to look on various objects for assurance of quality.

The consumer movement marks 15th March with World Consumer Rights Day every year, as a means of raising global awareness about consumer rights and needs.

Consumer Forums are special courts for consumers who buy or avail services. Consumer forums works under/as per Consumer Protection Act 1986 (CPA 1986). Any customer who falls under definition of consumer under CPA 1986 can lodge his/her complaint in forums.