KVS PRT Mock Test - 2 - KVS PGT/TGT/PRT MCQ

Let us first learn the meanings of the given words:

Evolve (verb): develop over successive generations as a result of natural selection.

Mutate (verb): undergo or cause to undergo change in a gene or genes.

Recast (verb): present or organize in a different form or style.

Convert (verb): change the form, character, or function of something.

Grammatically singular subject ‘flu’ will take only a singular verb, thus ‘evolved’, ‘recast’ and ‘change’ can be easily eliminated. Now between ‘mutates’ and ‘converts’, ‘mutates’ is a better contextual fit.

Hence, option C is correct.

The past and past participle forms of the irregular verb 'write' is 'wrote' and 'written' respectively.

The correct order will be:
Since the beginning of history → the Eskimos and Red Indians (Q)→ have managed to catch (P)→ a few specimens of this aquatic animal (S)→ by a very difficult method. (R)

'भाग्य' का विलोम शब्द 'दुर्भाग्य' होगा। 

भाग्य के पर्यायवाची शब्द 'किस्मत, होनी, विधि, नियति। 

'दुर्भाग्य' शब्द में विसर्ग संधि है 'दुः + भाग्य',जिसका अर्थ होता है बदकिस्मत। 

The correct answer is option B: i and iii.
Explanation:
- A line printer prints an entire line at a time, which means it prints all the characters in a line simultaneously.
- It allows multiple copies to be taken at a time, which means it can print multiple copies of the same line without having to print each copy separately.
- However, a line printer is an impact printer, not a non-impact printer. Impact printers use a mechanism that physically strikes an inked ribbon against the paper to create an image, whereas non-impact printers use methods like heat or lasers to transfer the image onto the paper.
- Lastly, a line printer does not print one character at a time. It prints an entire line, not individual characters.
To summarize, a line printer prints an entire line at a time and allows multiple copies to be taken at once. Therefore, the correct answer is option B: i and iii.

Answer:
The communication line between the CPU, memory, and peripherals is called a bus. The bus serves as a pathway for data and instructions to flow between these components. It allows the CPU to access and transfer data to and from memory and peripherals.
Here is a detailed explanation of the communication line between the CPU, memory, and peripherals:
Bus:
- The bus is a set of wires that connect the CPU, memory, and peripherals.
- It consists of multiple lines, each serving a specific purpose, such as address lines, data lines, and control lines.
- The address lines are used to specify the location of data or instructions in memory.
- The data lines are used to transfer actual data between the CPU, memory, and peripherals.
- The control lines are used to manage the flow of data and instructions and to synchronize the activities of the different components.
- The bus operates on a specific protocol, which defines how data is transmitted and received.
Importance of the bus:
- The bus plays a crucial role in computer systems as it enables communication between the CPU, memory, and peripherals.
- It allows the CPU to read instructions from memory, fetch data from memory, and send data to peripherals.
- The bus also facilitates the transfer of data between different components, enabling the smooth operation of the entire system.
In conclusion, the communication line between the CPU, memory, and peripherals is called a bus. It serves as a pathway for data and instructions to flow between these components, enabling the operation of a computer system.

Socialization is the continuous process through which an individual learns to imbibe the values and norms into his behavior to live in a society. It begins from infancy and takes place throughout the lifetime.

• Socialization is a process through which a person is inducted into the social world by imbibing social skills, values, beliefs, and cultures.  

Key Points Following are the key postulates of socialization:-

• It is a process of internalization of social norms (expectations), values, moral codes, and ideals of society.
• It helps in the inculcation of principles, values, and symbols of a social system. 
• It develops skills and capacities needed to fit into the society. The development of the social nature enables the person to participate in social life. 
• It helps in the transmission of culture from generation to gener­ation.
• It develops a sense of identity and the capacity for independent thought and action, for example learning of language.

Thus, it is concluded that It helps in the inculcation of principles, values, and symbols of a social system and The development of the social nature that enables the person to participate in social life are the key postulates of socialization.

Childhood refers to the period of the human lifespan, ranging from birth to puberty. The three stages of childhood are- 

• Early Childhood (The Preschool Years) (2-6 years)
• Middle Childhood (The School Years) (6 to age 12)
• Later Childhood (12-14 years of age)

Key Points

• The significant psychological accomplishments of middle childhood are in the area of intellectual competence. 
• Children in this age period become capable of logical thinking, reasoning, and problem-solving in a variety of tasks.
• The ability to think logically about concrete or real-world events and experiences is the hallmark of this stage.
• The children understand operations and develop an understanding of the meaning of rules and can reason.

Hint

• Make-believe play is a ubiquitous part of early childhood. In make-believe play, children pretend that an object is something other than what it actually is.
• A child who is in the adolescent period (14 to 18 years) can hypothesize possible causes and accordingly design complex experiments.
• At infancy 1-2 years of age, the child just beginning to show fine motor skills such as grasping a pencil and other such objects.

Hence, we can conclude that the right answer to this question is a child who has developed an understanding of the meaning of rules and can reason, would be in the middle childhood stage.

The term “development” is generally used to refer to the dynamic process by which an individual grows and changes throughout its lifespan. It is often thought of as the process of qualitative change taking place from conception to death. It deals with all areas including physical, motor, cognitive, physiological, social, emotional, and personality.

Key Points

•  Development is shaped by the joint influences of both nature and nurture in a cultural context. Both nature and nurture jointly influence development. 
• Nature refers to the hereditary contribution a child receives from parents at the time of conception. Genetics determines several aspects of a person’s physical structure and functioning as well as some psychological characteristics to a certain extent.
• Nurture refers to the influence of the environment on all of those same things and includes parenting style, physical surroundings, economic factors, and anything that can have an influence and development that does not come from within the person.

Thus by all these references, we can conclude that nature and nurture both play an important role in the development of children.

Hint

• Nothing can determine everything whether it is a gene or the environment.
• Both heredity and environment play an important role in the development of the child.

Additional Information  Factors affecting the development of the child are:

• Genetically Determined Factors: most of the inherited characteristics are essentially influenced by the environment.
  • For example, a child may be endowed with the hereditary potential for physical growth, but his/her potential may be stunted due to various reasons such as lack of nutrition or illness or being forced to do too heavy work for the body.
• Non-genetically Determined Factors: There are many non-genital factors that affect the development of the child these are- 
  • Conditions in the Pre-natal Environment 
  •  Maternal nutrition 
  •  Maternal health
  • Nutrition
  • Physical  effects and illness
  • The Psycho-social Environment of family and Culture, and many more.

Constructivism: Constructivism is centered on the idea that human knowledge and learning are actively constructed by the learner, not passively received from the environment. Constructivist views learning as the result of mental construction. It is created or constructed by the experiencing individual. It is not impersonal or absolute.

Key PointsIn a constructivist classroom, however, the materials would be used by the children as an aid for them to explore the world and discover ideas through contexts that they relate to. This alternative was presented as the constructivist view of learning. Two essentials of this model of learning are the active participation of the child and the role of the teacher as a facilitator and encourager.  

• Learners are active participants in constructivist classrooms.
• A constructivist classroom always promotes group work and collaborative and cooperative learning.
• In the constructivist classroom, learning is done in a meaningful and effective manner, students can learn by making a mental image of the concepts.
• Tasks in the constructivist classroom are moderately difficult, which can be done by the involvement of all the learners.
• It doesn't promote rote learning or memorization.
• Learners in constructivist classrooms, learn by interacting with others.

Thus by all these references, we can conclude that learning is meaningful and effective if the teacher used a constructive approach to the learners.

Important Points

• Behavioristic learning: Behavioristic theories or Behaviorism constitute the traditional theories of Learning. These theories were propounded by Ivan Pavlov and John B. Watson. Behaviorists attribute learning to the association between stimulus and response. 
• Decontextualization is the Process of examining or interpreting something that is separate from the context in which it is embedded. "Decontextualization occurs consciously or subconsciously." The content and curriculum should be designed according to the laid principles of inclusive education.

Assessment is the qualitative description of an attribute, according to some standards of criteria.

• Measurement, Assessment, and evaluation go together in a teaching-learning process.
• Assessment is denoted using comparative words like more/less; greater/lesser; increased/reduced etc.

Key Points

•  Assessment of learning helps the learners, teachers, and others in the following ways:

1. it helps the teachers to redesign instructional objectives.
2. it helps teachers to make better evaluative judgments.
3. it helps curriculum constructors to examine whether the courses or topics included in the curriculum are properly planned, whether the chronology of content is maintained or whether any change or modification is needed.
4. it helps parents to know the progress of their children and the areas of difficulty and remediation needed.
5. it helps students to know their progress in learning and learning difficulties in different subject areas.
6. it helps children to be motivated and improve their learning habits.
7. For teachers, the form of grades and marks helps to compare the child with other students in the classroom and also to observe the learning changes from time to time in the child.

• In this way, the assessment of student learning plays an important role in strengthening the teacher-learning process.

Hence, it can be concluded that in learning, assessment is essential for the motivation of the learner.

Children with learning disabilities experience difficulty in learning and using certain skills namely reading, writing, listening, reasoning and mathematics. Learning disability is an invisible disability. The child usually appears normal in every aspect except that his learning difficulties limit his progress in school. There is some teaching material that helps the disabled to learn things effectively and overcome learning obstacles.

Key Points

Teaching material for disabled children

Reading material in braille: It is a reading material mainly designed for visually impaired children so that they can read the engraved alphabets on paper by sensing them with their hands. Brailler is a device that is used to engrave letters or to type the braille script.

3D Model: The major focus of the 3D model is to create an environment within the classroom in which students show caring to those classmates often alienated and separated from the group.

• A primary outcome is the successful inclusion of students with disabilities who may be alienated or separated because of their differences or lack of abilities.
• Other outcomes include the improvement of the relationship among all students as well as the realization that regardless of ability status or personal characteristics students can contribute to the health and welfare of one another.

ICT audio material: Information and communications technology and assistive technology offer new opportunities for everyone, but these opportunities are specifically more significant for PwDs, who use assistive technology for their daily activities to a higher extent than people in general.

• Today’s assistive technology, which is adapted to everyone’s abilities, means that disabled end-users can participate in all aspects of social life on more equal terms than ever before.
• People must be able to benefit on an equal basis from the rapid development of ICT, to enable them to partake in an inclusive and barrier‐free information society.

Hence, we can conclude that all of the above materials would be suitable for the adjustment of a disabled student.

Problematic child refers to troublesome, risk-taking, or disruptive behavior that is more extreme than occasional errors in judgment and requires professional intervention to avoid legal difficulties.

Key PointsIf a teacher finds a problematic child in the class, he should:

• Focus on their bright side.
• Provide counseling to the child
• Recognize the root of the problem.
• Provide proper guidance in the right way.
• Talk to them regularly.
• Focus more on rewards than punishments.
• Provide more creative opportunities.

Hence, we can conclude that if a teacher finds a problematic child in the class, he should provide counseling to the child.

Learning is a permanent change in the behavior of a person. It is a universal and continuous process that brings a change in the thinking, behavior, and attitude of an individual.

Key PointsInteraction is when people communicate their thoughts, feelings, and attitude with each other and react with one another.

• It is the most important part of classroom activity which makes the teaching and learning process effective and it increases the ability of learners to communicate effectively and efficiently.
• Interaction in a classroom environment generates the ability of the students to ask questions with each other and discuss and give their ideas and thoughts on that question.

Strategies for improving classroom teaching learning interactions:-

• Encourage students to take part in classroom activities.
• Avoid giving punishment to students.
• Reciprocate freely the thoughts of students with idealization.
• Encourage their initiative in activities.
• Give rewards and praise them work their skills.
• Emphasis on making the teaching-learning process effective.

Post adolescence(18-21 years) means adolescents complete their physical development and their height is grown fully.  they become more focused on the future, become emotionally stable, and physically strong.

Thus, it is concluded that the free reciprocation of thoughts with an idealization strategy is related to the development of post-adolescence in improving the classroom teaching learning interactions.

Constructivism is centered on the idea that human knowledge and learning are actively constructed by the learner, not passively received from the environment.

Socio-constructivist frame: Students have also to include the social and cultural settings, in which they learn and which also have an impact on students as they change their ideas. From this perspective, sometimes referred to as ‘situated cognition, the cultural and the social background of students, use of language, and how meaning is derived from various contexts play a role in the students’ construction of ideas.

Key Points The characteristics of the socio-constructivist frame as-

• Knowledge is not fully known and fixed.
• Knowledge is not a thing that exists out there but is personally and socially constructed.
• The learner plays an active role in the personal creation of knowledge through interacting with their socio-cultural context.
• Knowledge construction rather than knowledge reproduction is emphasized. 
• Learning is a social process in which the learner constructs meaning that is influenced by the interaction of prior knowledge and new learning events.
• It acknowledges the uniqueness and complexity of the learner.
• By all these references we can consider that Children are active beings who construct knowledge by acting upon and interacting with their socio-cultural context from a socio-cultural perspective.

Hint

• Children's behavior changes by constructing knowledge by their experiences or previous knowledge but not totally.
• Children do not have any knowledge at the time of birth, they can acquire and learn by interaction with the environment or by learning.

Additional Information  Lev Vygotsky explains the role of society in his theory of socio-cultural development According to Lev Vygotsky, the development of children depends on three factors.

• Social interaction- Society plays an important role in the development and knowledge gained by the child.
• Language- Language development in a child should be done by the environment, engagement in family, etc.
• Culture - culture plays an important role in the development of a child, a child behaves as same as they learn from their culture, society, and environment.

Approaches to learning describe and explain the conditions under which learning does and does not take place. This movement is towards theorizing the process of learning. It attempts to provide a definite coherence to one particular subset of experimental findings in the field of learning.

Key Points

• Constructivism is centered on the idea that human knowledge and learning are actively constructed by the teacher, not passively received from the environment.
• Constructivist teaching is based on the theory of constructivism which holds that learning always builds upon the knowledge that a student already knows.
• As a constructivist teacher, one should have a clear idea of < />previous knowledge of the children i.e., what they had already learned in previous classes and from where they need to begin.
• After knowing their acquired and previously existing knowledge, the teacher should create a learning environment that is stimulating, interactive, and enlightening for them i.e., children should be engaged actively while interacting with their environment to learn.
• Learners have to construct knowledge themselves or by working in small groups and by asking questions. 
• Knowledge is not passively received or absorbed by the learner but actively built by him/her. What more this implies is that knowledge cannot be transmitted from one learner to another.

Thus, it is concluded that the 'previous experiences of children are used for construction of new knowledge in the classroom' is a characteristic of a constructivist classroom.

Constructivism:- It is a philosophy of learning founded on the premise that by reflecting on our experiences, we construct our own understanding of the world we live in. A view of learning is based on the belief that knowledge is not a thing that can simply be given by the teacher at the front of the room to students at their desks.

• Constructivism is the theory that says learners construct knowledge rather than just passively take in information. As people experience the world and reflect upon those experiences, they build their own representations and incorporate new information into their pre-existing knowledge (schemas).
• Wilson defines a constructivist environment as “a place where learners may work together and support each other as they use a variety of tools and information resources in their guided pursuit of learning goals and problem-solving activities”
• The constructivist environment is related to the constructivist approach of education which gives primacy to collaborative learning by involving learners in discussions and projects.

Key Points Constructivist environment:

• emphasizes collaborative learning.
• ensures the active involvement of learners and promotes peer tutoring.
• allows learners to foster their own strategy of learning to perform a task.
• provides ample opportunities to learners to make them work at their own pace.
• views learners as makers of meaning and creators of knowledge through social interaction.
• Teachers elicit students’ ideas and experiences in relation to key topics, then fashion learning situations that assist students in elaborating on or restructuring their current knowledge.
• Learners are purposive, active, and responsible for their own learning. They bring their prior experiences and knowledge to all learning situations.

Hint

•  In the constructivist learning environment, teachers assess learners during the teaching-learning process and give feedback on the learning process rather than the products.

Hence, it is concluded that teachers employ a specific end of the term assessment strategies and give feedback on products rather than processes that would not be consistent with a constructivist environment.​

Intelligence refers to a set of different cognitive abilities to think rationally, act purposefully, resolve problems, and deal with the demands of the environment.

• In 1912, William Stern suggested the concept called Intelligent Quotient (IQ). It refers to the score of a standardized test that assesses and measures human intelligence.

Key Points

An individual’s Intelligence Quotient (IQ) is determined by the formula given below,

Where,

• Mental Age is based on intellectual development.
• Chronological Age is the number of years a person has lived.
• When a person’s mental age is equal to his actual age, he is said to have an average IQ.
• If an individual's IQ lies in the 90-109 range, it means his/her IQ is average.

Important Points

Refer to the IQ table for further information:

Hence, it could be concluded that I.Q. The level of average intelligence in children will be between 90 - 109.

School improvement is a strategic activity that requires effective leadership and influence. In practical terms, it involves matching of belief with action with a willingness to allocate resources to overcome major political, bureaucratic, and financial barriers to change.

Key PointsProcesses that form the foundation for school improvement include:

• a planned process of change.
• a process that is participative and empowering.
• clear and ongoing communication.
• support for teams and teamwork that encourages ownership and management of processes, systems and relationships.
• structures that promote innovation, learning and change.
• action research processes that combine learning and doing - an iterative process where the lessons from one inform the actions of the other. 

Hence, it is clear that all of the above are correct.

The correct answer is 'any'.

Key Points

• Any means used to refer to one or some of a thing or a number of things, no matter how much or how many.
  • For example: Any person who comes in the store today is eligible for the discount.
• Few means a small number of.
• Little means a small amount of.
• A few means a small number of persons or things.
• By referring to the above explanation, it can be concluded that any should be the appropriate option to be chosen for filling the blank.

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

The correct answer is 'still'.

Key Points

• We use 'still' to show that something continues up to the time referred to.
  • Example: Even when my grandfather was 65, he still enjoyed playing badminton.
• Hence, the most appropriate answer is option 3.

Additional Information

Let's look at how to use other adverbs given:

• ​Rather: to indicate preference, degree, or accuracy
• Just: to express that something has recently happened
• again: to show repetition.

The correct answer is is

Key Points

• As per the subject-verb agreement, the subject and verb should agree with each other:
  • If the subject is singular, the verb should also be in its singular form;
  • If the subject is plural, the verb should also be in its plural form.
• In the given sentence,
  • The subject of the sentence is singular: The price of the movie ticket.
  • A singular verb (is) will be used in the filler.
• The complete sentence will be,
  • The price of the movie ticket is Rs. 75.
    

Therefore, the correct answer is option 4)

Additional InformationLet's look at some other examples as per subject-verb agreement:

• All of us are going to Goa.
• She is performing a dance tonight.

The correct answer is 'I was watching'.

Key Points

• There is an error in the tense used in the underlined part I am watching.
• The sentence is in the past tense (came into the room).
• I am watching is the present continuous tense form of the verb watch.
• So, we need to replace the underlined part with the past tense form of 'am' which is I was watching.
• Hence, option 2 is the correct answer.

Correct sentence - I was watching a movie, when my mother came into the room.

यह स्थान बहुत अच्छा है, में अच्छा शब्द का प्रयोग विशेषण के रूप में हुआ है। Key Points अच्छा

• समानार्थी शब्द - ठीक-ठाक
• क्रिया विशेषण के प्रकार - रीतिवाचक
• अव्यय - हाँ
• विलोम शब्द - बुरा , बुरा , घटिया

Additional Information

• विशेषण की परिभाषा – संज्ञा अथवा सर्वनाम शब्दों की विशेषता (गुण, दोष, संख्या, परिमाण आदि) बताने वाले शब्द विशेषण कहलाते हैं।
• आज घर पर मेरा दोस्त आ रहा है।
• तुम बड़े साहसी हो।

उपर्युक्त विकल्पों में से ‘रितियाँ’ इसका सही उत्तर है।

• क्योंकि यह प्रश्न के अनुसार बहुवचन का अनुचित विकल्प है।

Key Points

• एकवचन में संख्या निश्चित होती है जबकि बहुवचन में अनिश्चित संख्या होती है।
• एकवचन किसी एक निर्धारित वस्तु या व्यक्ति के लिए होता है जबकि बहुवचन अनिश्चित संख्या की वस्तु या व्यक्ति के लिए होते हैं।

अन्य विकल्प:

Additional Information

Confusion Points

• रितियाँ और रीतियाँ इनके बीच वर्तनी में रहा हुआ अंतर:
• रितियाँ अशुद्ध शब्द है, जबकि रीतियाँ वर्तनी की दृष्टि से शुद्ध शब्द माना जाता है। इसलिए रीतियाँ बहुवचन की दृष्टि से सही होगा और रितियाँ बहुवचन की दृष्टि से अशुद्ध माना जाएगा।

दिए गए सभी विकल्पों में सही उत्तर ‘दुकानें बंद हो चुकी होगी।’ है।

Key Points

• दिए गए विकल्पों में से 'दुकानें बंद हो चुकी होगी।' यह संदिग्ध भूतकाल का उदाहरण है क्योंकि इसमें संदेह प्रकट हो रहा है।
• भूतकाल की जिस क्रिया से कार्य होने में अनिश्चितता अथवा संदेह प्रकट हो, उसे संदिग्ध भूतकाल कहते है।
• जिससे क्रिया से कार्य की समाप्ति का बोध हो, उसे भूतकाल की क्रिया कहते हैं।
• भूतकाल के छह भेद होते है-
  (i)सामान्य भूतकाल
  (ii) आसन्न भूतकाल
  (iii)पूर्ण भूतकाल
  (iv)अपूर्ण भूतकाल
  (v)संदिग्ध भूतकाल
  (vi)हेतुहेतुमद् भूत

अन्य विकल्प:

1. रोहन चला गया। - सामान्य भूतकाल
2. पापा जी दफ्तर जा रहे थे। - अपूर्ण भूतकाल
3. बच्चे स्कूल से आ गए। - आसन्न भूतकाल

Additional Information

सही उत्तर विकल्प 3 ‘करण कारक’ है। अन्य विकल्प इसके गलत उत्तर हैं।

Key Points

• राधिका ने डंडे की सहायता से अमरुद तोड़े। वाक्य में डंडे की सहायता से अमरुद तोड़े गए, अतः यहाँ करण कारक है।
• वाक्य में जिस साधन या माध्यम से क्रिया का सम्पादन होता है, उसे ही ‘करण कारक‘ कहते हैं।
• यहाँ डंडे से अमरुद तोड़े गये, अतः सही विकल्प करण कारक' होगा।

Additional Information

Hint

• अपादान कारक- जिससे किसी वस्तु के अलग होने का बोध हो, अलगाव का भाव प्रदर्शित हो अपादान कारक कहलायेगा।
• इसकी विभक्ति ‘से’ है। जैसे –
  • दूल्हा घोड़े से गिर पड़ा, चूहा बिल से बाहर निकला।
  • हिमालय से गंगा निकलती है।

दिए गए विकल्पों में से विकल्प सरकार शब्द स्त्रीलिंग है अतः विकल्प 3 सरकार इसके लिए उपयुक्त विकल्प है अन्य विकल्प इसके लिए उपयुक्त नही हैं।

Key Points

• सरकार भाववाचक स्त्रीलिंग शब्द है
• सरकार का अर्थ - शासन, गवर्नमेंट।

अन्य विकल्प -

Additional Information

Given:

PB = PD

Concept used:

The sum of all interior angles of the triangle = 180°

Angles opposite to equal sides are equal.

Solution:

∠PBD = 180 - 120 = 60°

PDB = PBD = 60°

PDC = 180° - PDB = 180° - 60° = 120°

x = 180° - DPC - PDC

x = 180° - 35° - 120°

x = 180° - 155°

x = 25°

Hence, the correct option is 3.

Given:

A positive number N is divided by 13 leaves the remainder 11.

Formula used:

Dividend = divisor × quotient + remainder

Calculation:

Let the number be N, and the quotient be x

Dividend = divisor × quotient + remainder

⇒ N = 13 × x + 11 (where, x is any natural number)

Now, if we put x = 1, we get,

⇒ N = 13 × 1 + 11

⇒ N = 13 + 11

⇒ N = 24

So, 26N = 26 × 24 = 624

When, we divide 624 ÷ 13 we get, quotient = 48 and remainder = 0

∴ The answer is 0