KVS PRT Mock Test - 5 - KVS PGT/TGT/PRT MCQ

As per the given above sentence is given in Active Voice.
Someone has cut the telegraph wires.
Hence , required answer will be option D .

The Buzi Bridge was inaugurated by Union External Affairs Minister Dr S Jaishankar. The Minister also had a meeting with President of Assembly Esperança Bias.
It was built as part of 132 km Tica-Buzi-Nova-Sofala Road project by India in Mozambique.

Iceland is on high alert as an unprecedented seismic swarm, with 800 earthquakes in 14 hours, has raised concerns about a possible volcanic eruption in the Reykjanes peninsula. The Iceland Met Office has warned of a "considerable" likelihood of a volcanic eruption in the coming days, leading to the declaration of a state of emergency.

From Statement I:

From this statement, we get that Madhavi joined the office on 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th or 9th November.

Clearly, data in statement I alone is not sufficient to answer the question.

From Statement II:

From this statement, we get that Madhavi joined the office on 8th, 9th, 10th or 11th November.

Clearly, data in statement II alone is not sufficient to answer the question.

Checking both Statement, I and II together:

We can say that Madhavi joined the office either on 8th or 9th November.

Clearly, data in both the statements I and II together is not sufficient to answer question.

Hence, option D is the correct answer.

The three basic boolean operators are: AND, OR, and NOT.

Operant Conditioning: Skinner (1904-1990) is the psychologist who has done the most to develop and apply the ideas originally proposed by Thorndike. Skinner continued and expanded Thorndike’s work and is credited with developing the theory we now call Operant Conditioning. 

• Skinner attempted to develop general laws by studying the individual.
• Skinner, in his theory of personality, emphasized some particular aspects of human nature like determinism, elementalism, changeability, objectivity, reactivity, and knowability, while rejected the other aspects like rationality-irrationality and homeostasis-heterostasis completely because he did not consider the internal sources of human behavior important for explaining behavior. So, it is external in nature.
• He further stated that behavior can be distinguished into two types, viz., (i) respondent and (ii) operant behavior
• Reinforcement is a major condition required for learning to take place. In the process of reinforcement, an organism/learner is presented with a particular stimulus (i.e. reinforcer) before and after it elicits desired responses. The organism will tend to repeat the responses for which reinforcement is given and to discontinue responses for which it is not. 
• In the process of extinction, reflexes can have zero strength.

NOTE:

• Operant behaviors are those behaviors that are not caused by any specific stimuli of the environment. The stimuli of operant behavior are difficult to identify. These behaviors are performed by the individual voluntarily. Skinner believed that the behaviors of human beings are predominantly operant in nature.

Hence, we can conclude that Skinner’s theory is more objective in nature than the others because operant behavior is external.

Learning-centred education focuses on the learning process. Although its primary concern is on the learning of the students, all those involved in the education of students such as teachers are also co-learners with the students in the learning-centred education. It is basically learner-centred but includes teachers in the process of learning in a classroom situation. Learner-related factors affecting learning are:

• Attention: As mentioned by Bandura, when a child urges to learn something, he pays attention to the model to observe or to imitate.
• Motivation: If the action succeeds, the child is motivated to do the action again.
• Target: When a child achieves the target, it motivates him to do further, if not, it demotivates him.

Hence, we conclude that communication is not a learner-related factor affecting learning.

Leadership is an important factor for making an organization successful. It is the art or process of influencing people to perform assigned tasks willingly, efficiently and competently.

Key PointsReflective leadership is the key to creating a relationship-based organization. It is characterized by three important skills: self-awareness, careful observation, and flexible response.

• Self-awareness refers to a leader’s ability to know herself, her strengths, and her limitations. It implies that a leader is interested in, and committed to, examining her own reactions, thoughts, and feelings about the work.
• Careful observation means that leaders are skilled at deciphering the meaning of what they are seeing and hearing. Leaders wonder about the meaning of their own and others’ behavior, tones of voice, body language, or reactions. They ask themselves, “Why might this be happening?” and solicit more information.
• Flexible responses require that leaders know their staff—what their personal styles are, how they work best, what motivates them. Leaders can then approach each professional in a way that reflects that particular staff member’s needs, strengths, and areas for development. 

Hence, it is clear that all of these skills are essential for leader as reflective practitioner.

The National Education Policy is a policy proposed by the Ministry of education to introduce educational reforms in the education system of India.

Key Points

• A National Assessment Centre, PARAKH (which stands for Performance Assessment, Review, and Analysis of Knowledge for Holistic Development) to be set up as a standard-setting body for all recognized school boards under National Education Policy 2020.
• On 11th September 2020, while addressing the conclave on ‘School Education in 21st Century, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced to the establishment of a National Assessment Center, PARAKH.

Hence we conclude that the National Assessment Center proposed in the National Education Policy 2020 is also known as PARAKH.

Important Points Details of the salient features of NEP 2020 are as follows-

• The medium of instruction until at least Grade 5, but preferably till Grade 8 and beyond, will be the home language/mother tongue/local language/regional language.
• Ensuring Universal Access at All Levels of schooling from pre-primary school to Grade 12.
• Introduction of New Curricular and Pedagogical Structure (5+3+3+4).

Important PointsDimensions of growth and development:

• Physical- Physical growth and development refer to a process that brings bodily and physiological changes- internal, as well as external- in a child from conception till death.
• Intellectual- intellectual development means the growth of a child’s ability to think and reason. It's about how they organize their minds, ideas, and thoughts to make sense of the world they live in.
• Social- Social development is about improving the well-being of every individual in society so they can reach their full potential. The success of a society is linked to the well-being of each and every citizen.
• Emotional- Emotion has been defined differently as ‘a stage of agitation’, ‘disturbance of equilibrium’, and ‘intense random and disorganized response to a stimulus. In modern life, emotions demand greater understanding because of their pervasive effects on behavior, personality, and health.
• Moral- Moral development is concerned with how people grow in understanding moral issues and in making moral decisions. In early childhood, children are more often concerned about their own personal well-being when they make moral decisions. They think in terms of distributive justice or fair sharing of any stuff. But by middle childhood, children begin to develop more empathetic and abstract methods of moral reasoning. 

Hence, all the dimensions of growth and development listed above are related to each other.

Despite the fact that humans come in all different sizes and forms, the majority of them may be classified according to their body types. Ectomorph, mesomorph, and endomorph are these body kinds.

Key Points

• Endomorphic:- The extreme endomorph has a soft, rounded physique. The physical appearance gives the impression that the bulk has been mostly localized in the abdomen. This might be true or not. The extremity endomorph's arms and legs are short and tapered. This can look to be stalker behavior. The endomorph's hands and feet are relatively tiny, and its upper arms and thighs are frequently more developed than its lower arms or legs. The waist is high on the body. The hair is fine, and the skin is silky and smooth. The endomorph has a spherical head. The face is broad, and the head is big. Children who have endomorphic build have a flabby, fat body build.
• Mesomorphic:-Large bones and clearly defined muscles characterize the mesomorph. The waist is quite low and thin as the body tapers. The head's muscles and bones are clearly visible. Face characteristics including cheekbones and a square, hefty jaw are strongly pronounced. The face is cubical in form and is long and wide. Even the hand's fingers have grown muscles, in addition to the arms and legs. The mesomorph has thick skin that takes a good tan. The texture of the hair is dense.
• Some have the ectomorphic build which tends to be long and slender.

Hence, it is concluded that only A is correct.

Peer relation:

• In the peer relations literature, a friendship is defined as a close relationship between two individuals. Unlike parent-child and other familial relationships (e.g., sibling relationships), friendships are considered voluntary relationships because both parties choose to become involved in the relationship.
• A “true” friendship can only exist when both individuals view each other as a friend. For this reason, researchers argue that reciprocal friendship nominations are required for the identification of a friendship (e.g., both children name each other as a friend).
• Friendships are also characterized by reciprocal affection such that both parties share positive affect and liking for each other. Although similarities in surface characteristics (e.g., race, gender), behaviors (e.g., aggression), and interests (e.g., academic subject matter) may help to draw individuals together into friendships, it is argued that mutual affection constitutes the basis of friendship.

Insecure Child:

• Insecure children, particularly those with an avoidant classification, tend to exhibit minimal emotional expressiveness overall and particularly restrain the expression of negative emotions.
• Insecure children encounter difficulties in attaining a sense of security, developing unique strategies to counteract this.
• Insecure children are easily frustrated by difficult tasks and are not as good at problem-solving.

In order to help a child who is insecure in peer relations is by helping him to cultivate skills that are in demand in his peer group. So that, he can reciprocate affection and friendship.

NOTE:

• induce him to cultivate reading and other media that will compensate for his lack of social acceptability: reading and other media cannot compensate for the friendship and the value given by peers. Hence it is not the correct way to help the child.
• project him at every possible opportunity into contact with mature persons: It is important to be with the peer of the same group for the social development of the child. Hence, this is not the correct way to help him.
• insist on his participation even if unpleasant at first: Something that does not give pleasure should not be done. Hence, it si not the correct way to help the child.

Lev Vygotsky proposed the needs of a child in learning as:​

• ZPD (zone of proximal development)
• Scaffolding
• MKO (more knowledgeable others)​

Key Points

•   Scaffolding:​
  • Temporary help is given to a child in learning by their peers, family members, teachers, etc.
  • That's why option (4) is correct.
• reinforcement:
  • ​The theory of Reinforcement is proposed by B.F. Skinner.
• ​Conditioning and Modelling are irrelevant to the question.

Additional Information

•   ZPD (zone of proximal development)
  • The difference between the learning of child by self and the learning of a child with the help of others(society, culture, etc.)
• MKO (more knowledgeable others)-
  • In this process only Hint is giving to the child by others to learn.

Skinner is a behaviorist who is responsible for giving the operant conditioning theory. Based on his theory he gave the laws if learning.

Key Points

• Skinner gave the concept of operant conditioning which states the role of reinforcers in the development of learning.
• He believes that learning is not instant and is accompanied by the shaping of behavior.
• Shaping refers to the development of behavior through a gradual process.
• He believed that positive reinforcers or reward leads to the strengthening of behavior and negative reinforcers lads to a diminishing effect.

Hence, we conclude that according to Skinner, the development of a learner is a continuous and gradual process.

Developmental disorder refers to the severe, chronic disability of an individual which is likely to continue indefinitely. There are different kinds of developmental disorders and ADHD is one of them.

• The abbreviated term ADHD denotes Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. It is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that leads to hyperactivity in a child's behaviour.

Key Points

Typical Behaviours Associated with  Hyperactive Children are:​

• Get distracted easily.
• Poorly sustained attention in all situations.
• difficulty in listening to or following directions. 
• More active or restless than normal children.
• Difficulty in adhering to the rules and regulations.
• Impulsive, over-enthusiastic, and try to do several things at once.
• Diminished persistence in tasks not having immediate consequences. 

Hence, from the above-mentioned points, it becomes clear that a student with Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) is likely to have the tendency to get distracted easily.

Teachers and parents are expected to understand children regarding their developmental needs and the probable problems arising out of ignorance of parents and teachers to meet these needs.

• A strong parent-teacher/home-school relationship acts as a bridge to connect teachers, children, and parents to ensure the all-around progress of the children. They should also be aware of the importance of providing a conducive environment to children for their optimum development.

Key Points Following are the benefits of involving parents in the child's assessment-

• Helps parents to motivate and support children in learning.
• Helps parents to understand and appreciate their children’s efforts.
• Provides teachers with useful information regarding children’s learning.
• Helps parents to gain an understanding of what and how the child has been learning.

Therefore, it can be concluded that teachers should detail the assessment of the child to the parents so that the parents can gain an understanding into what and how the child has been learning.

Learning disability refers to a neurological disorder that causes cognitive impairment. Dyslexia, dysgraphia, dyscalculia, etc are the most common learning disability.

Key Points

Learning disability:

• Learning disability is intrinsic and due to central nervous system dysfunction.
• It is a variable state which can be addressed by appropriate comprehensible input.
• It can't be attributed to cultural deprivation as it can present in children of any culture.

• It can't be attributed to educational deprivation as it can also present in children with average or above-average IQ.

'Dyscalculia' is a type of mathematics-related learning disability which:

• hinders learner's basic understanding of numbers.

• affects learner's ability to perform mathematical calculations.

• makes learners unable in identifying mathematical symbols like +, ×,>, etc.

Hence it could be concluded that Anusui is suffering from Dyscalculia.

Additional Information

Other Disabilities in Brief:

Any object or material that is used to facilitate learning and teaching can be considered as teaching-learning material (TLM).

Key Points

TLM is also categorized based on projected, non-projected, or experiential. 

(I) Projected aids: Movies, epidiascope, the magic lantern, micro-projectors and projection with the overhead projectors, LCD projector are examples of projected aids.

(ii) Non-projected aids: Chalkboard, felt board, bulletin board, photographs, posters, maps, charts, and textbook illustrations, come under non-projected aids. 

(III) Experiential aids: Field trips, educational tours, visiting important institutions and industries, observing experiments, etc.

Important Points

• Bulletin boards are a type of display board that is more of a non-projected visual aid.
• They contain student contributions that should be well-labeled and encouraged.
• They should be frequently changed and must be properly dated to make sure that it does not stay on the board for the time exceeding the actual desired time.
• Materials posted in bulletin boards should be changed frequently and systematically.

Hence, we can conclude that Bulletin boards are a type of projected aids is not correct.

Inclusive Education means education for all children in school as It refers to the inclusion of all children in the education system, regardless of their differences and disabilities.

Key Points

• It values the diversity, each child brings to the classroom and facilitates all with equal opportunities to learn and grow.
• Inclusive education improves the quality and making provisions of education for all.
• It provides a provision to include disabled children along with normal children in a regular classroom environment.
• It refers to an education system that accommodates all children regardless of their physical, intellectual, social, emotional, linguistic, or other conditions.

Additional Information

Basic Principles of Inclusive Education:

• Equity and equal opportunities for all.

• Well constructed educational plan.

• Use of multilingualism as a resource.

• Use of specific pedagogical strategies.

• Sensitization towards individual differences.

Hence, it could be concluded that inclusive education refers to a school education system that includes children regardless of physical, intellectual, social, linguistic or other differently-abled conditions.

Creativity is the ability to adopt an innovative approach to solve a problem, cope with ideas that are both relevant and unusual and go beyond the immediate situation to redefine the problem. Creative children are those who exhibit creativity.

Key PointsCharacteristics of creative children

• They have a creative thought process which results in responses and questions that are unexpected.
• They have the flexibility of thinking, and the ability to generate a flow of ideas, and modify the flow of information.
• They come up with unique findings and are able to think divergently. They find pleasure in intellectual activities.
• They set personal standards for evaluation and concentrate on tasks of high interest for extended periods.

Hence, we conclude that if a child is asking uncomfortable questions in a classroom, then he is a creative child.

Additional Information

The correct answer is 'much'.

Key Points

• 'Milk' is an uncountable noun.
• 'Much' is used as a determiner followed by the uncountable noun.
• 'Many' is used with countable nouns.
• We use 'few' with plural countable nouns.
• Hence, the word 'much' should be used to make the sentence grammatically correct.
• Hence, the correct answer is 'much'.

​Correct sentence: You don’t have much milk.
Additional Information

• Adjective of a quantity indicates the amount or estimated amount of the noun or pronoun in the sentence.
• It does not provide information about exact numbers, it tells only the amount of nouns in relative or whole terms.
• Words like so, many, very, enough, and most are adjectives of quantity as they are showing the amounts of nouns.
  • Example: He has enough money to start a business.

​Hinglish

• 'Milk' एक uncountable noun है।
• Uncountable noun के बाद निर्धारणकर्ता के रूप में 'Much' का उपयोग किया जाता है।
• 'Many' ’का उपयोग countable nouns के साथ किया जाता है।
• हम plural countable nouns के साथ 'few' का उपयोग करते हैं।
• इसलिए, वाक्य को व्याकरणिक रूप से सही बनाने के लिए 'much' शब्द का उपयोग किया जाना चाहिए।
• इसलिए, सही उत्तर 'much' है।
• Adjective of a quantity वाक्य में noun या pronoun की राशि या अनुमानित राशि को इंगित करता है।
• यह सटीक संख्याओं के बारे में जानकारी प्रदान नहीं करता है, यह केवल सापेक्ष या पूरे शब्दों में संज्ञा की मात्रा बताता है।
• जैसे , so, many, very, enough, and most अधिक मात्रा के विशेषण हैं क्योंकि वे संज्ञा की मात्रा दिखा रहे हैं।
  • Example: He has enough money to start a business.

The correct answer is 'Owing to.'

Key Points

• With regard to is a preposition that signals a reference to the subject of a sentence.
• With regard to एक पूर्वसर्ग है जो एक वाक्य के विषय के संदर्भ का संकेत देता है।​
  • Example: With regard to dinner, my vote will always support pizza
• Due means expected or planned to happen or arrive.
• Due का अर्थ है अपेक्षित या होने या आने की योजना।
• When combined with the rest of the sentence, it functions as an adjectival prepositional phrase.
• शेष वाक्य के साथ संयुक्त होने पर, यह एक विशेषण पूर्वसर्गीय वाक्यांश के रूप में कार्य करता है। ​
  • Example: The rent is due on the fifteenth of each month.
  We can use as to introduce two events happening at the same time.
• हम एक ही समय में होने वाली दो घटनाओं को पेश करने के लिए as उपयोग कर सकते हैं।
  • Example: As I knew you would be late, so I left early.
• Owing to indicates that something happened as a result of something or introduce the reason for something happening.
• यह इंगित करने के कारण कि किसी चीज़ के परिणामस्वरूप कुछ हुआ है या किसी चीज़ के होने का कारण owing to प्रस्तुत करना है।
  • Example: I missed my flight owing to a traffic hold-up.
• ​​Correct sentence: Owing to his ill health, he retired from his business.

Additional Information

• A preposition is a word or group of words used before a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase to show direction, time, place, location, spatial relationships, or to introduce an object.
• Some examples of prepositions are words like "in," "at," "on," "of," and "to."
  • Example: I live in Raipur.

The correct answer is 'died of cancer'.

Key Points

• We use 'die of' when someone dies of a direct cause.
  • E.g.- He died of Cholera.
• We use 'die from' when someone dies from an indirect cause.
  • E.g.- He died from smoking.
• As per the above explanation 'died of' will be grammatically correct as we are talking about a direct cause or disease.
• So, the preposition 'of' will be used instead of 'from'.

​Hence, the correct sentence is: One of the famous cricketers has died of cancer.

Additional Information

• We use 'die by' when someone dies by the means of something.
  • ​E.g.- He died by a bullet.

The correct answer is 'Adjective'.

Key Points

• An Adjective is a word used to add something to the meaning of a noun.
• The word 'that' is a Demonstrative Adjective.
• Demonstrative Adjective is an adjective that points out which person or thing is meant.
• Demonstrative Adjectives answer the question: Which?
  • Example - These mangoes are sour.
    Which mangoes are sour?
• The word 'that' is modifying the noun 'noise'.
• Thus, the part of the speech will be 'adjective'.

Hence, the correct answer is option (2).

Additional Information

• A relative pronoun is a word which does the work of a pronoun and also the work of a Conjunction.
• A conjunction is a word used to join words or sentences.
• An adverb is a word used to add something to the meaning of a verb, an adjective or another adverb.

The correct answer is "The institute had taught all the students before they finished the course"

Key Points

• Option 1 "The institute had taught all the students before they finished the course" is the past perfect tense form of the sentence.
• The past perfect tense is used "to describe an action that was completed before a specific time in the past". It is formed by using the auxiliary verb "had" followed by the past participle of the main verb. In this case, the past participle of the verb "teach" is "taught."
• Option 2 "The institute has taught all the students before they finished the course" is in the present perfect tense, which is used to describe an action that was completed at an unspecified time in the past and has consequences that continue into the present.
• Option 3 "The institute had teached all the students before they finished the course" is incorrect because "teached" is not a word. The past participle of the verb "teach" is "taught."
• Option 4 "The institute have taught all the students before they finished the course" is incorrect because "have" is the present tense of the auxiliary verb "have," and the sentence is describing an action that occurred in the past. The past perfect tense should be used instead.

Thus, option 1 is the correct answer.

अशुद्ध विलोम-युग्म है - 'अभिराम - अविराम'

• अभिराम - देखने में अच्छा और मन को लुभाने वाला।
• विलोम शब्द - 'अनाकर्षक'
• अर्थ: अरुचिकर, भद्दा, बदसूरत।
• अविराम - लगातार या बिना रुके।
• विलोम शब्द - 'विराम'
• अर्थ: किसी कार्य या गति में होने वाली रुकावट।

Key Pointsकृतज्ञ:-

• अर्थ: किए हुए उपकार को मानने वाला।
• विलोम शब्द - 'कृतघ्न'​
• अर्थ: किए हुए उपकार को न मानने वाला।

अनुराग:-

• अर्थ: आसक्ति, प्रेम, लगाव, सौहार्द।
• विलोम शब्द - 'विराग'​
• अर्थ: चाह या अनुराग का अभाव।

अभिज्ञ:-

• अर्थ: जानकार, ज्ञाता, कुशल, दक्ष, निपुण।
• ​विलोम शब्द - 'अनभिज्ञ'
• अर्थ: जो किसी बात को जानता न हो, अनजान।

प्यारा विशेषण भाववाचक संज्ञा से निर्मित है।
कुशाग्र बहुत प्यारा बच्चा है।

Key Points

विशेष:

• नागरिक - नागर + इक।
• चलता - यह क्रिया का उदाहरण है।
• ऊँचा - यह गुणवाचक विशेषण है।

Important Points

• ‘तरणि - तरणी’ विलोमार्थी युग्म नहीं है।
• अन्य विकल्प सही विलोमार्थी युग्म है।

Key Points

• ‘तरणि’ का विलोम शब्द : शशि।
  • ‘तरणि’ का अर्थ : सूर्य।
  • ‘शशि’ का अर्थ : चंद्रमा।
• ‘तरणी’ का विलोम शब्द : ​वृद्धा।
  • ‘तरणी’ का अर्थ : नवयुवती।
  • ‘वृद्धा’ का अर्थ : बूढ़ी औरत।

अत: विलोमार्थी युग्म तरणि​ : शशि तथा तरणी : वृद्धा होगा।

Additional Informationविलोम शब्द के उदाहरण:-

• ठोस - तरल
• यश - अपयश
• सगुण - निर्गुण
• मूक - वाचाल