KVS PRT Mock Test - 5 - KVS PGT/TGT/PRT MCQ

Answer: A Explanation: Frivolity refers to a lack of seriousness or sense of responsibility. It is often associated with actions or behaviors that are considered trivial or superficial. The word 'lightness' is a synonym for frivolity, as it also implies a lack of seriousness or depth. - Frivolity: Lack of seriousness; triviality - Lightness: The quality of being light-hearted or lacking seriousness The other options provided are not synonyms of frivolity: - Ornamentation: The act of adding decorative elements or features - Irritability: The quality of being easily annoyed or impatient - Impurity: The state of being mixed with something undesirable or unclean

दिए गए विकल्पों में सही उत्तर विकल्प 4 ‘पूर्वकालिक क्रिया’ होगा। अन्य विकल्प इसके असंगत उत्तर हैं। Key Points

• इसका सही उत्तर ‘पूर्वकालिक क्रिया’ है।
• मुख्य क्रिया से पहले होने वाली क्रिया को पूर्वकालिक क्रिया कहते हैं। जैसे - पंकज पढ़कर सो गया।
• आप देख सकते हैं कि उपरोक्त वाक्य में दो क्रियाएँ एक साथ प्रयुक्त हुई हैं, जिसमें एक क्रिया दूसरी क्रिया से पहले खत्म हुई है।
• वाक्य के अनुसार राजू द्वारा पहले पढ़ने का कार्य पूर्ण किया गया है और उसके बाद वह सो गया।
• अतः इस वाक्य में पढ़कर पूर्वकालिक क्रिया होगी और यह वाक्य पूर्वकालिक क्रिया का उदाहरण होगा।

अन्य विकल्प:

Additional Information

क्रिया- जहां किसी कार्य के करने या होने का बोध हो, क्रिया कहलाता है। जैसे- मोहन जाता है।, वह खाना खाता है। आदि।

रचना की दृष्टि से क्रिया के दो भेद होते हैं-

The Buzi Bridge was inaugurated by Union External Affairs Minister Dr S Jaishankar. The Minister also had a meeting with President of Assembly Esperança Bias.
It was built as part of 132 km Tica-Buzi-Nova-Sofala Road project by India in Mozambique.

Adding Multiple Subordinates to a Position:
To add multiple subordinates to a position, you can follow these steps:
1. Option A: Clicking the subordinate button as you press and hold shift
- This method allows you to select and add multiple subordinates at once.
- Press and hold the shift key on your keyboard.
- Click on the subordinate button to select the first subordinate.
- While still holding the shift key, continue clicking the subordinate button to select additional subordinates.
- Release the shift key when you have selected all the desired subordinates.
- All selected subordinates will be added to the position.
2. Option B: Clicking the subordinate button each and every time you add a subordinate
- This method involves adding subordinates one by one.
- Click on the subordinate button to select and add the first subordinate.
- Repeat the process for each additional subordinate by clicking the subordinate button each time.
- This method is suitable if you only need to add a few subordinates.
3. Option C: Clicking the subordinate button as many times as the desired boxes
- This method is similar to option B but allows you to add multiple subordinates at once.
- Click on the subordinate button as many times as the number of subordinates you want to add.
- Each click will create a new subordinate box.
- Fill in the details for each subordinate in their respective boxes.
- This method is useful when you know the exact number of subordinates you want to add.
4. Option D: All of these
- You can use any of the above methods depending on your preference and the number of subordinates you need to add.
- Option D includes all the mentioned methods for adding multiple subordinates to a position.
Remember to save your changes after adding the subordinates to ensure that they are properly assigned to the position.

Answer:
To play and hear sound on a computer, one needs:
A sound card:
- A sound card is a hardware component that allows the computer to produce and process audio.
- It is responsible for converting digital audio signals into analog signals that can be played through speakers or headphones.
- The sound card also provides various audio input and output ports for connecting external devices.
Speakers:
- Speakers are output devices that convert electrical signals into sound waves.
- They are connected to the sound card and produce audio output based on the signals received.
- Speakers come in different types and configurations, such as stereo speakers, surround sound speakers, and portable speakers.
Microphone (not required for playing sound):
- A microphone is an input device that converts sound waves into electrical signals.
- While a microphone is not necessary for playing sound on a computer, it is required for recording audio or for voice communication in applications such as video conferencing or gaming.
In summary, to play and hear sound on a computer, a sound card and speakers are required. A microphone is not necessary unless audio recording or voice communication is needed.

Jean Piaget, a Swiss psychologist, has made a systematic study of cognitive development in his theory that is categorized in four stages. 

• He observed his children and their process of making sense of the world around them and developed a model of how the mind processes new information encountered.

Key Points

Concrete Operational Stage: 

• The 'Concrete Operational Stage' lasts around 7 to 11/12 years of age which refers to the late childhood stage of child development.

• In this stage, children become more logical in concrete things but lack abstract ideas.
• Children can classify objects into groups and subgroups and gain the ability of conservation of numbers, area, and volume.
• Children show attainment of the concept of reversibility, seriation, and transitivity as a cognitive capacity.
• Reversibility is the understanding that a child develops to know that things that have been changed can be returned to their original state.

Hence, it could be concluded that according to Piaget at the concrete operational stage, a child becomes more logical in concrete things, but lacks abstract ideas.

Important Points 

Piaget’s Four Stages of Cognitive Development:

Important PointsDimensions of growth and development:

• Physical- Physical growth and development refer to a process that brings bodily and physiological changes- internal, as well as external- in a child from conception till death.
• Intellectual- intellectual development means the growth of a child’s ability to think and reason. It's about how they organize their minds, ideas, and thoughts to make sense of the world they live in.
• Social- Social development is about improving the well-being of every individual in society so they can reach their full potential. The success of a society is linked to the well-being of each and every citizen.
• Emotional- Emotion has been defined differently as ‘a stage of agitation’, ‘disturbance of equilibrium’, and ‘intense random and disorganized response to a stimulus. In modern life, emotions demand greater understanding because of their pervasive effects on behavior, personality, and health.
• Moral- Moral development is concerned with how people grow in understanding moral issues and in making moral decisions. In early childhood, children are more often concerned about their own personal well-being when they make moral decisions. They think in terms of distributive justice or fair sharing of any stuff. But by middle childhood, children begin to develop more empathetic and abstract methods of moral reasoning. 

Hence, all the dimensions of growth and development listed above are related to each other.

Social behavior is a necessary part of human life, and being social means much more than merely being in the company of others. social psychology deals with all behavior that takes place in the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others. Our social environment influences our thoughts, emotions, and behavior in complex ways.

• Because of social influences, people form views, or attitudes about people, and about different issues in life, that exist in the form of behavioral tendencies. 

Key Points

• ​ Impression formation and attributions are influenced by attitudes. These three processes are examples of mental activities related to the gathering and interpretation of information about the social world, collectively called social cognition.
• When we meet people, we make inferences about their personal qualities. This is called impression formation. 
• Throughout the world, doing good to others, and being helpful is described as a virtue. All religions teach us that we should help those who are in need. This behavior is called helping or pro-social behavior.
• One of the first observations made about social behavior is that performance on specific tasks is influenced by the mere presence of others. This is called social facilitation. 

​Hence, gathering and interpreting information about the social world is called Social cognition.

Lawrence Kohlberg was a Jewish-American psychologist who researched moral education and reasoning. He is renowned for his stages of moral development theory.

Key Points Moral development refers to the gradual development of an individual’s concept of wrong or right, religious values, conscience, social attitudes, and behavior. The importance of Kohlberg’s theory of moral development in teaching is as follows:

• It enables teachers to understand the different levels of moral understanding of learners.
• It enables teachers to give proper guidance to students about their moral behavior.
• It allows teachers to help learners respect others and develop feelings of cooperation with others.
• It helps teachers to develop and promote good moral values in children so that they can become the best version of themselves.
• It promotes a constructive and positive learning environment where the growth of children is fostered.

Thus, it is concluded that according to Kohlberg, a teacher can instill moral values in children by involving them in discussions on moral issues.

In general, the term "socialization" refers to the process of social influence by which a person adopts the culture or subculture of their group and, in the process, shapes their sense of self and personality.

Key Points

• Macro-level sociology examines broad-scale social phenomena like societal change and stability.
• Micro-level sociology examines small human interactions like speech or group dynamics.
• The micro level entails small group interaction. This level is vital because face-to-face, intense, and intimate interaction forms the basic formulation. 
• Meso-level socialization units are intermediate size social units smaller than the ones at the macro level but larger than the micro-units like the family or the local community. 
• Microsociology enables this on-the-ground examination but sometimes overlooks the more powerful factors that affect people's behavior.

Hence, it is concluded that Both A and B are true.

The Adolescence Education Program (AEP) was introduced by Human Resource Development Ministry. It is a significant activity that means to engage youngsters with precise, age fitting and socially applicable data, advance healthy frames of mind and create aptitudes to empower them to react to genuine circumstances in positive and capable ways.Key Points

Objectives of AEP

• To develop value enhanced Life-Skills for coping and managing concerns of Adolescence through Co-Curricular activities (CCA).
• To provide accurate knowledge to students about process of growing up, HIV/AIDS and Substance-Abuse.
• To develop healthy attitudes and responsible behaviour towards process of growing up, HIV/AIDS and Substance-abuse.
• To enable them to deal with gender stereotypes and prejudices.

Hence, we can conclude that option 1 is the correct answer.

Constructivism represents a view that emphasizes the active role of the learner in building, understanding, and making sense of information. Constructivism represents an approach embedded with the central principle that learners can only make sense of new situations in terms of their existing understanding. 

Key PointsFollowing classroom activities facilitate constructivist teaching-learning processes:-

• Students taking the initiative in providing solutions to classroom problems are actively involved in the learning process. Hence constructivist learning is taking place.
• Expecting students to answer from their own words and contextual examples also involves the active involvement of the learners. Hence constructivist learning is taking place.

Thus, it is concluded that Only A and C are the correct options.

Hint

•  Using textbooks as the only teaching-learning material in the class does not include students actively in the construction of knowledge.
• Choosing assessment activities mainly centered around board examination patterns does not include any engagement by students. So, constructivist learning is not taking place.​

Additional InformationConstructivist learning includes :          

• Reciprocal teaching/learning. Allow pairs of students to teach each other.
• Inquiry-based learning (IBL) Learners pose their own questions and seek answers to their questions via research and direct observation. 
• Problem-based learning (PBL).
• Cooperative learning.

The correct solution is option 2 i.e. ‘made’.
Key Points:-

• ‘Made’ is the correct solution because the sentence is in the simple past tense.‘Yesterday’ is there in the sentence which implies that it is past tense.
• So, ‘made’ is the correct answer as it is a verb in the past tense.
• Other options are rejected because:
  • ‘Make’ is a simple present tense that is used to express an action that is currently going on or habitually performed.
  • ‘Makes’ is plural of make.
  • ‘Making’ is in continuous tense which is used if the action is going on.

Hinglish

सही समाधान विकल्प 2 यानी 'made' है।

• 'Made' सही समाधान है क्योंकि वाक्य simple past tense में है। वाक्य में 'yesterday' है जिसका अर्थ है कि यह past tense है।
• तो, 'made' सही उत्तर है क्योंकि यह past tense की क्रिया है।

• अन्य विकल्पों को अस्वीकार कर दिया जाता है क्योंकि:
  • 'Make' simple past tense है जिसका उपयोग किसी क्रिया को व्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है जो वर्तमान में चल रही है या आदतन की जाती है।
  • 'Makes' make का बहुवचन है ।
  • 'Making' continuous tense में है जिसका प्रयोग क्रिया चल रही है तो किया जाता है।

The correct answer is , i.e. the comma.

Key Points

• The most appropriate punctuation mark to fill the blank is the comma (,).
• Commas are one of the most common forms of punctuation marks in English. Traditionally, they are used to introduce a short pause in discourse but truly, the list of the use of commas in itself is very long.
• When an introductory phrase precedes the main clause, it is set off by a comma from the latter.
  • For example, 'Generally, we check the products personally before they progress to the automatic sorting bay.'
• In the given sentence, we can see that there is an introductory adverb 'usually' before the main clause.
• Correct sentence: 'Usually, I spend my free time doing activities with my family.'

Hence, the correct answer is Option 3.

Additional Information

• Let us revisit the use of other punctuation marks given in the options:
  • Period (.) ⇒ Periods are the most basic of punctuation marks. A period is used to end a declarative and some imperative sentences; they are also used as a part of the abbreviations.
  • The semicolon (;) ⇒ Semicolons are used to designate a break in a sentence that is more pronounced than a comma break. Semicolons are used to separate independent clauses in several cases and most importantly before conjunctive adverbs like, however, therefore, furthermore, etc.

'चन्द्रहास' का पर्यायवाची शब्द है- 'तलवार'

• 'चंद्रहास' का अन्य पर्यायवाची - असि, करवाल, कृपाण, खडग, शायक।

Mistake Points

• तीर - आशुग, इषु, नाराच, शर, शायक, सायक, शिलीमुख, बाण, विशिख।
• भाला - बरछी, पाषाणी, लमछड़, लोहाँगी, बरछा, शंकु, कील, शूल, नोक, त्रिशूल।
• धनुष - चाप, धनु, शरासन, पिनाक, कोदण्ड, कमान, विशिखासन।

Key Points

• जो शब्द समान अर्थ के कारण किसी दूसरे शब्द की जगह ले लेते हैं उन्हें पर्यायवाची शब्द कहते है।

Additional Information कुछ महत्वपूर्ण पर्यायवाची शब्द:-

पृथ्वी - धरा, धरती, वसुधा, भूमि, वसुंधरा, भू, इला, धरा, धरत्री, धरणी।

पर्वत - शैल, नग, भूधर, पहाड़, अंचल, महीधर, गिरि, भूमिधर, तुंग, अद्रि।

बिजली - चपला, चंचला, दामिनी, सौदामनी, विधुत्, तड़ित, बीजुरी, क्षणप्रभा।

मेघ - बादल, जलधर, पयोद, पयोधर, घन।

राजा - नृप, नृपति, भूपति, नरपति, भूप, महीप, महीपति, नरेश।

सर्प - साँप, अहि, भुजंग, विषधर, व्याल, फणी, उरग, पन्नग, नाग।

सागर - समुद्र, उदधि, जलधि, वारिधि, पारावार, सिंधु, नीरनिधि, नदीश।

सिंह - शेर, वनराज, शार्दूल, मृगराज, व्याघ्र, पंचमुख, मृगेंद्र, केशरी, महावीर।

प्यारा विशेषण भाववाचक संज्ञा से निर्मित है।
कुशाग्र बहुत प्यारा बच्चा है।

Key Points

विशेष:

Additional Information
अन्य विकल्पों का विश्लेषण:

• नागरिक - नागर + इक।
• चलता - यह क्रिया का उदाहरण है।
• ऊँचा - यह गुणवाचक विशेषण है।

Important Points

दिए गए विकल्पों में सही उत्तर ‘श्यामा घर से चल पड़ी।’ होगा।

Key Points

• ‘श्यामा घर से चल पड़ी।’ यह वाक्य अपादान कारक का है।
• संज्ञा के जिस रूप से एक वस्तु का दूसरी से अलग होना पाया जाए वह अपादान कारक कहलाता है।
• जिसका कारक चिह्न ‘से’ (अलगाव के लिए) है।

अन्य विकल्प:

1. बच्चे गेंद से खेल रहे हैं। - करण कारक
2. यह राम की पुस्तक है।– संबंध कारक
3. अरे! ये क्या हुआ? – सम्बोधन कारक

Additional Information

आकाश में बादल छाते ही घनघोर वर्षा होने लगी। वाक्य मे रेखांकित शब्द बादल का पर्यायवाची नीरद होगा।

• बादल के अन्य पर्यायवाची - बादल. मेघ, जलधर, मेघमाला, अंबुधर, जलद, वारिद, घटा आदि।

Key Points

• अन्य विकल्प दिनकर, रवि, तपस ये सभी सूर्य के पर्यायवाची है।
• पर्यायवाची शब्द - पर्याय का अर्थ है ‘समान’ तथा ‘वाची’ का अर्थ है ‘बोले जाने वाले’
• जब भिन्न-भिन्न शब्दों का अर्थ समान हो, अर्थात एक ही शब्द के स्थान पर समान अर्थ वाले अलग अलग शब्द प्रयोग किये जा सके।

Given:

The expression = 21y5

Concept:

A number is divisible by 9 when the sum of all digits of the number is divisible by 9

Calculation:

⇒ The sum of the digits of the number = 2 + 1 + y + 5 = 8 + y

⇒ Then, the possible value of y = 1, 10, 19 ..... for divisible by 9

⇒ When we put the value of y is 1 = 8 + 1 = 9 which is divisible by 9

∴ The required result will be 1.

Important point:

Multiples of the number are also divisible by the number.

Given:

Dimension of the room is 12 m × 9 m × 8 m.

Calculations:

According to question,

longest rod's length can be

= √{12² + 9² + 8²}

= √(144 + 81 + 64)

= √(289)

= 17 m

Hence, The Required value is 17 m.

Short Trick∶

We can find the new mean by subtracting 3 from old mean.

∴ New mean = 35 – 3 = 32

Detailed Solution∶

New mean = (35 × 28 – 3 × 28)/28 = 32

Given:

In isosceles triangle, two equal sides = 8 cm and third side = 4 cm.

Formula used:

Perimeter of isosceles triangle = a + a + b (where, a = each of two equal sides, b = third side)

Calculations:

Perimeter of isosceles triangle = 8 + 8 + 4

= 20 cm

∴ The answer is 20 cm.

Concept:

Family:

• A family is a group of people that are connected with each other by blood or legal relationship.
• This is done by domestic sating.

Explanation:

Legal relationship:

• A legal relationship is a kind of relationship where one or more people are connected together with the law.
• ​A husband and wife is an example of a relationship where they both are connected by law.

Relationship by blood:

• It is any kind of relationship where people are connected with each other by blood.
• They can be mothers, fathers, uncles grandparents and nephews etc.
• Grandfather and grandchild are in a relationship where they are connected with blood.
• Here grandfather's, son or daughter is the grandchild's father or mother.

​Relationship by birth:

• In this kind of relationship, one person is related to another if they give birth to them.
• It is also a blood relationship.
• Mother and father fell into this category.
• Mother and child is a relationship example of relation by birth.

Thus,

Husband - Wife: Relation by law- Correct.

Grandmother - Grandchild: Relation by blood- Correct.

Mother - Child: Relation by birth- Correct.

Friend - Self: Relation by law- Incorrect.

Additional Information Social relationship:

• It is a kind of relationship that doesn't relate to another person by blood, birth or law.
• Friendship is a social relationship.
• Here we are connected to a person by social bonding.

Concept:

• Child marriage is considered one of the major issues of Indian society.
• Child marriage refers to the marriage of two children under the age of 18 years.
• It can also be between one adult and one child.
• Girls are more prone to the problem of child marriage in some parts of our country.

Explanation:

There are various factors that are considered to be the cause of child marriage.

Culture and traditional practice:

• ​In some areas of India, it is a tradition for a long time.
• In some places, a girl is considered as someone else's property by birth.
• It is like a part of some cultures, so some political leaders of their respective tribes should challenge this.

Poverty and insecurity:

• ​Due to poverty, the girl does not get the proper education and have no awareness about their rights.
• This causes them to face child marriage problems.
• The girl child also does not get the same proper resource in comparison to boys.
• In some areas, poor people practice child marriage to get rid of their loans, taxes, and dowry.
• Many people have this perception that a married woman is much safe than an unmarried one, so social insecurity is also a major issue.
• Poverty and insecurity are also considered as the cause of child marriage.

Patriarchy and gender inequality:

• In rural areas, parents use to think that all their property belongs to their sons.
• If they will marry their daughters at an early age then they will not have to give a share to their girl.
• So patriarchy and gender inequality is also the major factor that is the cause force child marriage.

Thus, culture and traditional practice, poverty and insecurity, patriarchy, and gender inequality all are the causes of forced child marriage.

Concept:

Bile:

• A physiological aqueous fluid called bile is created and secreted by the liver.
• Bile salts, phospholipids, cholesterol, conjugated bilirubin, electrolytes, and water make up the majority of it.

Explanation:

20 ounce:

• The liver produces and secretes a fluid called bile, which is then kept in the gallbladder for later use.
• Digestion is aided by bile.
• The bile is released into the duodenum after a eating.
• Lipids are changed into fatty acids that can be absorbed and used as fuel by the digestive system.
• Bile includes:
  • Cholesterol
  • Bilirubin
  • Bile acid
• It also includes:
  • Body salts
  • Water
  • Copper and other metals
• A day's worth of bile production is roughly 600 ml, of which 75% comes from hepatocytes and 25% from cholangiocytes.
• About 225 ml per day of the hepatocyte component of bile flow is dependent on bile salts, while the other half is salt-independent.

Thus, approximately 20-ounce of bile is produced by the liver in the human body.

The correct answer is the Western Ghats.

Key Point

• KRCL (Konkan Railway Corporation Limited).
• It was founded on 19th July 1990.
• Its headquarter is located in Belapur, Navi Mumbai.
• Konkan Railway (KR) is constituted as a separately incorporated railway although it still comes under the control of the Railway Ministry and the Railway Board.
• Konkan Railway does not have divisions like the other Indian Railway zones.
• The Konkan Railway travels 738 kilometres through the states of Maharashtra, Goa, and Karnataka.
• It passes through the western ghats along the western coast of India.
• It starts just after the Roha railway station in Maharashtra and ending at the Thokur railway station near Mangalore in southern Karnataka.

• The first passenger train ran on Konkan Railway tracks on 20th March 1993.
• Konkan Railway is one of the Zone of Indian Railways.​

Concept:

Changes in agriculture over the year:

• Agriculture is an age-old economic activity in our country.
• Over these years, the cultivation methods have changed significantly.
• This depends upon the characteristics of the physical environment, technological know-how, and socio-cultural practices.
• Farming varies from subsistence to commercial type.
• Sustained uses of land without compatible techno-institutional changes have hindered the pace of agricultural development.
• In spite of the development of sources of irrigation, most of the farmers in large parts of the country still depend upon monsoon and natural fertility in order to carry on their agriculture.

Explanation:

Changes in the farming system:

• Canal was built which brought water from far away from where a dam had been built on a big river.
• The canal water was not enough for the new crops.
• Then electricity came, switch on the button and there was light.
• People found that only one or two crops, like wheat and cotton, got better prices in the market.
• So most farmers began to grow only these.
• Soon crops like bajra and jowar, and also vegetables were forgotten and dismissed.
• Farmers began to buy seeds from the market.
• Farmers did not need to store seeds from the old crop.
• Now people in the village cooked and ate together only on very special days.
• As they ate, they would remember how tasty the food used to be in the past fresh from the fields.
• When the seeds have changed, the food did not taste the same.
• People brought new machines like tractors and pumps for farming.
• Old seeds, bullocks and people who worked on the field were no longer needed.
• Without cows and buffaloes, there was no cow dung, to be used in the fields as fertilizer.
• People had to buy expensive fertilizer.
• The new kinds of seeds were such that the crops were easily affected by harmful insects.
• Medicines had to be sprayed on the crops to keep away the insects.
• These medicines had a bad smell and were expensive.
• To meet all these expenses, loans had to be taken from the bank.
• Whatever little profit was made, was used to repay the loan.
• The soil itself was no longer the same.
• Growing the same crop over and over, and using so many chemicals, had affected the soil so much that now nothing could grow well there.

Thus,

A. People grow only one or two crops: Negative changes

B. Some places could get water from a canal: Positive changes

C. People started using more artificial fertilizers: Negative changes

D. Continuous increase in soil fertility: False statement

Concept:

• The chloroplasts are double membrane-bound. Of the two, the inner chloroplast membrane is relatively less permeable.
• The space limited by the inner membrane of the chloroplast is called the stroma.
• A number of organized flattened membranous sacs called the thylakoids, are present in the stroma
• Thylakoids are arranged in stacks like the piles of coins called grana

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Explanation:

• Thylakoid is the structural unit of photosynthesis because the thylakoid membrane is the site of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis with the photosynthetic pigments embedded directly in the membrane.
• This means that the most important photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll is present in the thylakoid membrane
• The thylakoid is also called boggy trowser, it can be divided into two parts Single membrane & Lumen (thylakoid space)