KVS PRT Mock Test - 6 - KVS PGT/TGT/PRT MCQ

One word substitution is Evacuate.

Evade: escape or avoid (someone or something), especially by guile or trickery.

Evacuate: remove (someone) from a place of danger to a safer place.

Avoid: keep away from or stop oneself from doing (something).

Exterminate: destroy completely.

सही उत्तर है - ‘व्यष्टि’।

• समष्टि का विलोम व्यष्टि होगा।
• समष्टि का अर्थ : सामूहिकता।
• व्यष्टि का अर्थ : समष्टि का सदस्य या व्यक्ति।

Key Pointsअन्य विकल्प:

• अस्ति का विलोम : नास्ति।
• विशिष्ट का विलोम : साधारण।
• अशिष्ट का विलोम : शिष्ट।

Additional Information

• किसी शब्द का विलोम शब्द उस शब्द के अर्थ से उल्टा या विपरीत अर्थ वाला होता है।

विलोम शब्द के उदाहरण:-

• कृतज्ञ - कृतघ्न
• तुच्छ - महान्
• प्रगतिशील - प्रतिगामी
• देव - दानव

As teaching is done by 'Teachers' in the 'College' similarly treatment is done by 'Doctors' in the 'Hospital'.

From the common explanation, we get R faces L.
Hence, Option A is correct.
Final Arrangement:

Common Explanation:
References:
There are two persons between P and K, who is to the right of P.
R is adjacent to K and O.
M, who is the immediate right of K, is second to the left of P.
Inferences:
From the above reference, we get the final arrangements:

PCB stands for Process Control Block.
The Process Control Block (PCB) is a data structure used by operating systems to manage processes. It contains all the necessary information about a process that the operating system needs to manage and control the execution of the process.
The PCB includes the following information:
1. Process ID (PID): A unique identifier assigned to each process by the operating system.
2. Process State: Indicates the current state of the process, such as running, ready, waiting, or terminated.
3. Program Counter: Stores the address of the next instruction to be executed by the process.
4. CPU Registers: Contains the values of the CPU registers being used by the process, such as the accumulator, stack pointer, and program status word.
5. Memory Management Information: Includes information about the memory allocated to the process, such as base and limit registers, page tables, and segment tables.
6. Scheduling Information: Contains data related to process scheduling, such as priority, time slice, and waiting time.
7. I/O Status Information: Stores the status of I/O operations initiated by the process, such as the list of open files and their file descriptors.
8. Parent Process ID: Stores the PID of the parent process that created the current process.
9. Child Process ID: Stores the PID of the child process created by the current process, if any.
The PCB plays a crucial role in process management:
- Context Switching: When the operating system switches from one process to another, it saves the context of the currently running process in its PCB and restores the context of the next process from its PCB.
- Process Scheduling: The PCB contains scheduling information that helps the operating system determine the priority and order in which processes should be executed.
- Process Communication: The PCB can be used to facilitate process communication by providing information about shared resources, inter-process communication channels, and synchronization mechanisms.
- Resource Management: The PCB includes information about the resources allocated to the process, such as memory, files, and I/O devices, which helps the operating system manage and track resource usage.
In conclusion, the Process Control Block (PCB) is a data structure used by operating systems to manage and control processes. It contains essential information about a process, including its state, CPU registers, memory management details, and scheduling information. The PCB plays a crucial role in process management, including context switching, process scheduling, process communication, and resource management.

Special Effects for Drawing Objects:
The special effects that can be applied to drawing objects include:
1. Gradient Fills: Gradient fills allow you to apply a smooth transition of colors to a shape or object. This effect can be used to create depth, shading, and visual interest in your drawings.
2. Line Color and Style: You can change the color and style of lines in your drawings to add emphasis or create different visual effects. For example, you can use dashed or dotted lines to create a sense of movement or highlight specific areas.
3. Rotating: Rotating an object allows you to change its orientation. This effect can be used to create dynamic compositions or adjust the positioning of objects within your drawing.
Overall, the answer is All of these (option D) as all the mentioned options include special effects that can be applied to drawing objects.

Explanation:-

• Mental health:- It is a state of balance between the individual and the surrounding world, a state of harmony between oneself and others, and a co-existence between the realities of the self and that of other people and the environment.

Additional Information

The factors affecting mental health:-

• Heredity:- Heredity is an important determinant of a person’s behavior, personality, and mental abilities. It influences the formation and development of personality and other mental traits. The numbers and quality of genetic traits, a person receives from parents, greatly influence the mental health of that person.
• Physical health:- For being a mentally healthy person, it is essential condition that a person should be physically healthy. It is a general fact that the person who is chronically ill also suffers from mental tension, frustration, and inner conflicts.
• Family:- Family also influences the mental health of an individual because a child is neither social nor asocial at the time of birth. The family experiences leave a mark on the blank mind of the child. If the family environment is unhealthy and stressful. It may result in physical-mental illness.
• Emotional condition:- The emotional condition of a person also influences mental health. If a person is unable to express his feeling and emotions. It is an indication of emotional or neurotic disorder in the future.
• Education:- Mental health also depends upon the level of education. If the education is effective it will definitely have an influence on mental health.
• Religion and culture:- An individual’s culture and religious background also influence mental health. An individual learns ways of self-identity, self-acceptance, and self-expression from religion and culture.
• Other factors:- Poverty, unemployment, changing social values, social changes, lack of entertainment, etc. 

The term "curriculum" is derived from the Latin word "currere", which means "run". Thus curriculum means a course to be run for reaching a certain goal or "destination" here education is imagined as a race, with its aim as the goal and curriculum as the course leading to that goal.

• A curriculum is a formal plan of educational experiences and activities offered to a learner under the guidance of an educational institution. It is more structured in schools and more flexible in higher education. 
• Curriculum planning and designing is a process in which participants at different levels make decisions about the goals of learning, decide about the teaching-learning situations by which these may be achieved, and whether the methods and means adopted are effective.

Key Points

• ​Curriculum development is a specialized task that requires systematic thinking about the objectives to be achieved, learning experiences to be provided, evaluation of changes brought out by the curricular activities, and so on.

Curriculum designing as per the differentiation principle:

• It focuses on learning outcomes.
• It values all children as individuals.
• It promotes teaching practices that reflect concepts of learning.
• It believes that every student learns in a different way and with a different learning style.

​Thus, it is concluded that every student learns exactly the same content in exactly the same way and in exactly the same number of hours is NOT correct with respect to curriculum designing as per the differentiation principle.

Progressive education: It is based on the belief that education should primarily serve the needs of children and focus on understanding, action, and experience rather than rote knowledge and memorization.

Key Points

The progressive classroom is democratic and there is space given to children for understanding as ​it: 

• emphasizes to enhance skills and understanding of the learners by engaging with the contents and experiences.
• promotes 'learning by doing' to make children self-reliant and productive to use their knowledge and talents effectively.
• ensures the active participation of students by working in a group and applying practical knowledge to complete an activity.

Important Points

Qualities of a Teacher in Progressive Classroom:-

• Focuses attention on student-centered learning where the teacher encourages them to indulge in self-learning techniques and adapt their Pedagogy and vary assessment to cater to individual students.
• Employs minimum effort and resources on teaching and motivates the learner to actively construct knowledge.
• The teacher should promote discovery in the classroom.
• Prepare students for active participation in a democratic society.
• Progressively refining the learning experiences based on reflection and feedback.

Hence, we can conclude that In a progressive classroom teachers adapt their Pedagogy and vary assessment to cater to individual students.

ICT is a broad and comprehensive term, which comprises information technology and communication technology. Information technology includes radio, television, computer and Internet, teleconferencing and mobile.

Key Points

• ICT makes teaching learning more effective.
• ICT increases the quality of learning or degree of mastery among the learners.
• ICT decreases the time taken by learners to attain the desired goals.
• ICT increases the efficiency of teachers in terms of numbers of learners taught, without reducing the quality of learning.
• ICT reduces costs, without affecting the quality.
• ICT increases the independence of learners, and the flexibility of education and training provisions.

Hence, we can conclude that ICT makes teaching learning more effective is the best statement.

Socialization is the process through which communities transact or educate their members about the norms and values of society to be socially acceptable.

• Socialization is a combination of personality development and cultural development.
• It is an act that ensures the:
  • transmission of manners and culture.
  • adaptation of social norms and values.
  • internalization of attitudes and customs of society.
• All types of socialization may be classified into two broad groups, viz. primary socialization, and secondary socialization. 
• This division is based on the primary and secondary needs of individuals.

Key Points

Let's understand in brief the types of Socialization: 

Important Points

• Since in both situations the parents were attending to the needs, values, and demands of the child, they both are examples of primary socialization.

​Thus, 

• Situation 1: A couple scolded the child when she was asking for the ice cream: Primary Socialisation
• Situation 2: A couple was playing hide and seek with their child: Primary Socialisation

Additional InformationAnticipatory Socialisation:

• Anticipatory socialization refers to the processes of socialization in which a person "rehearses" for future positions, occupations, and social relationships.

The subject matter is content that is taught by the teacher in the classroom is not enough for the students they need the additional content matter through which they can go beyond the textbook and construct authentic knowledge. Key Points

• The library is considered to be one of the resources where students can go beyond textbooks and read books according to their interests.
• The main objective of developing a library in a school is self-study, mostly in the classroom a student can't do self-study because he will be totally busy in participating different activities designed by the teacher or listening to the teacher.
• Self-study is a very important quality that should be developed in a student because through self-study a student can construct authentic knowledge even without a guide or instructor.
• The library will be constructed in a school and the library period will be separately allotted in which all the students will be will go to the library and select the book appropriate to them and read it silently.
• This develops the habit of self-study in the students where they concentrate on the matter available in the book sitting individually without talking to others.
• During the self-study, they also make note of important points which occur to them and which they consider as important.

Hence, it can be concluded that the purpose of setting up a library in the school is to develop the habit of self-study in the students.

Conceptual understanding among students is necessary to master the task or the concept efficiently. Conceptual understanding involves an integrated grasp of ideas and tools and an understanding of their functional use.

Key Points

•  Conceptual understanding among students is likely to improve in settings that emphasize inquiry and dialogue.
• Inquiry and dialogue allow the person to broadly go through different topics and concepts for better understanding.
• Inquiry involves asking queries related to the topic and clearing out the queries. 
• Inquiry boosts the engagement of others while understanding an issue. 
• Dialogue involves conversations regarding the issue and finding the outcome. 
• Dialogue helps in broadening the thinking pattern and finding the solution. 

Additional Information

•  Frequent exams are examinations taken repeatedly in a given span of time. Frequent exams do not improve conceptual understanding. 
• Competitions are carried out between two or more two people to figure out the best one. Competitors do not improve conceptual understanding. 
• Textbook-centric pedagogy involves teaching based on textbooks only. Textbook-centric pedagogy does not improve conceptual thinking.  

Thus, it can be concluded that conceptual understanding among students is likely to improve in settings that emphasize inquiry and dialogue.

The table below will discuss the significant characteristics of the roles of the persons listed in the question,

Characteristics of adolescent learner:

• They belong to the age group of 12-18 years
• Formal learning in combination with non-formal learning
• Belongs to the understanding level of teaching

So it is clear that the adolescent learners need a teacher who not only teaches them but can act as a counsellor in this important phase of life.

Educational objectives can be achieved by a good and healthy relationship between teacher and student. Every teacher should have love and affection towards his/her students. The remarkable performance of the student is developed by the good behavior of the students. it is the responsibility of the teacher to keep relationships with students focused on pedagogical goals and academic requirements.

A good teacher-student relationship is characterized by openness, safety, confidence, unconditional acceptance, empathy, and positive regard.

Key Points  Effective in enhancing trust in a student-teacher relationship:

• An attitude of unconditional acceptance of the student by the teacher.
• Don’t use or encourage others to use harsh, disparaging, or discouraging words.
• Don’t encourage any discriminatory words or practices in the class.
• Don’t encourage unhealthy comparisons and competitions among students.
• Don’t demean the performance of poor performers in the class rather try to provide them with alternative scopes to enhance their performance.
• So we can consider that an attitude of unconditional acceptance of the student by the teacher is effective in enhancing trust in the student-teacher relationship.

Additional Information Relationship between teacher and students can be enhanced by:

• Mutual Trust and feedback: Teachers and students both should be liable for maintaining trust between each other. This Mutual trust can only build if the teacher is dedicated to giving the right information to the students and the students would express their feelings or any matter to the teacher in a rightful manner.
• Teacher as a Motivator: Many decisions that a teacher makes have an effect on students' motivation. The grading method a teacher uses, for example, can motivate students to try harder or to give up. Any classroom material chosen with student interest and ability in mind may help motivate students to learn.
• Warmth and Enthusiasm: Teachers who are warm and friendly inspire and instill positive attitudes and a love for learning in their students. Such teachers are known to be more effective in terms of students' increased attention, achievement, willingness to learn, and favourable attitude towards the content. Positive traits of your personality will maintain a good student-teacher relationship.

Flipped classroom

• A flipped classroom is a type of blended learning where students are introduced to content at home and practice working through it at school.
• This is the reverse of the more common practice of introducing new content at school, then assigning homework and projects to completed by the students independently at home.
• A flipped classroom is an instructional strategy and a type of blended learning.
• It aims to increase student engagement and learning by having students complete readings at their home and work on live problem-solving during class time. 
• The flipped classroom is a pedagogical approach in which direct instruction moves from the group learning space to the individual learning space.
• The resulting group space is transformed into a dynamic, interactive learning environment where the educator guides students as they apply concepts and engage creatively.

Virtual classroom

• A virtual classroom is a learning environment in which students engage with the lesson material online.
• Information is often conveyed through voice or video conferencing with several participants and instructors connected to the same chat interface.
• A virtual classroom is an online learning environment that allows for live interaction between the tutor and the learners as they are participating in learning activities.
• The most common tools you can find in a virtual classroom are Videoconferencing.
• Virtual classrooms leverage the best of technology to make learning an easier and more convenient experience.
• They also help bring down the costs significantly, while at the same time, provide a vastly superior reach both in terms of students and teachers that can access it.

Google classroom

• Google Classroom is a free web service developed by Google for schools that aims to simplify creating, distributing, and grading assignments.
• The primary purpose of Google Classroom is to streamline the process of sharing files between teachers and students.
• Google Classroom can help students become and stay engaged in the learning process.
• Overall, using Google Classroom is definitely worthwhile. It can save you a lot of time and energy and can help you to better prepare your students for the future.

Traditional classroom

• Learning space in which the teacher provides face-to-face instruction to students and communication between and among teacher and students is face to face.

Therefore, When teaching-learning material is introduced offline so that learners can access the content anytime before the class starts and can write down their questions / problems which can be asked during the classroom is called Flipped classroom

The correct answer is 'and'.

Key Points

• The conjunction 'and' is used as a function word to indicate 'connection or addition especially of items within the same class or type'.
• The conjunction 'but' is used to indicate 'on the contrary: on the other hand'.
• The conjunction 'yet' is used to indicate 'in addition generally of items of the opposite type'.
• The conjunction 'though' is used to indicate 'in spite of the fact that'.

Correct sentence: The Indian cricket team is efficient and hard working.

Hinglish

• The conjunction 'and' का प्रयोग एक फ़ंक्शन शब्द के रूप में किया जाता है ताकि यह इंगित किया जा सके कि 'विशेष रूप से एक ही वर्ग या प्रकार के भीतर कनेक्शन या जोड़'।
• The conjunction 'but' का उपयोग 'इसके विपरीत पर इंगित करने के लिए किया जाता है: दूसरी ओर'।
• The conjunction 'yet' का उपयोग 'आमतौर पर विपरीत प्रकार की वस्तुओं के अलावा' को इंगित करने के लिए किया जाता है।
• इस तथ्य के बावजूद कि 'though ' का उपयोग 'संकेत देने के लिए' किया जाता है।

The correct answer is - "Dimple ran in the ground."

Key Points

• The given sentence is in Present Continuous Tense.
• The structure of the Past Indefinite Tense is -
  • Structure - Subject + verb (2nd Form) + Object
    • Eg. Pankaj called his mom.
• Form of the Verb "Run" -
  • Run(1st Form) - Ran(2nd form) - Run(3rd form)
• Therefore, Option 2 shows the sentence correctly in the Past Indefinite Tense.

Correct Sentence: Dimple ran in the ground.

The correct answer is 'although'.

Key Points

• We can use linkers such as but, although, and however to show contrast and make the relationship between the ideas clear.
• 'Although' is a conjunction that is often used to show a contrast.
• 'Although', similar to 'despite' and 'in spite of', is a way of explaining a contrast, which is when two things are at odds.
• Example - I ate the whole sandwich, although it tasted terrible.
• In the given sentence, the linker 'although' will be used to show contrast.
• Thus, the correct answer is 'although'.

Hence, the correct answer is option (3).

सही उत्तर 'विकल्प' 1 है।

Key Points

बुद्ध के पर्यायवाची है -

• बुद्ध- सिद्धार्थ, अमिताभ, जागृत ।

तथा, दीप्राक्ष, बिल्ली का पर्यायवाची शब्द है।

• बिल्ली- दीप्राक्ष, बिलाल, मार्जारी । ​

Additional Information

कुछ अन्य महत्वपूर्ण पर्यायवाची शब्द -

• दूध- स्तन्य, पय, दुग्ध ।
• खर- गधा, गदहा, रासभ ।
• पेड़- वृक्ष, गाछ, पादप ।
• पत्नी- कांंता, भार्या, वल्लभा ।

यहाँ सही उत्तर है- "घोड़ी नाच रही है।" अन्य सभी विकल्प अनुचित हैं।

Key Points

• घोड़ा शब्द एक पुल्लिंग शब्द है।
• घोड़ा शब्द का सही स्त्रीलिंग शब्द है घोड़ी होता है।
• अन्य वाक्य निर्रथक है। उन्मे लिंग तथा वचन संबंधी अशुद्धियाँ हैं। इनका कोई मतलब नहीं है।

Additional Information

• लिंग-परिभाषा:- शब्द के जिस रूप से उसके स्त्री या पुरुष जाति का बोध हो, उसे लिंग कहते हैं।

• जाति का बोध कराने वाले शब्द को ‘लिंग’ कहते हैं। लिंग का अर्थ है – “चिन्ह"

• लिंग के प्रकार / भेद:"

1. पुल्लिंग
2. स्त्रीलिंग

• पुल्लिंग:- जिन शब्दों से पुरुष जाति का बोध हो, उसे पुलिंग कहते हैं।
  • जैसे - राजा,पंडित,प्रकाश,तोत इत्यादि।
• स्त्रीलिंग:- जिन शब्दों से स्त्री जाति का बोध हो, उसे स्त्रीलिंग कहते हैं।
  • जैस - रोशनी,सड़क,घोड़ी,इत्यादि|

उपर्युक्त विकल्पों में से विकल्प 3 सयुंक्त व्यंजन इसका सही उत्तर है। अन्य विकल्प इसके सही उत्तर नहीं हैं।

सयुंक्त व्यंजन : ऐसे व्यंजन जो दो या दो से अधिक व्यंजनों के मेल से बनते हैं, वे सयुंक्त व्यंजन कहलाते हैं। हिन्दी वर्णमाला में कुल चार सयुंक्त व्यंजन है : क्ष, त्र, ज्ञ, श्र।

• क्ष का वर्ण विच्छेद - क्+ष्+अ
• संयुक्त व्यंजन - क्ष (क्+ष), त्र (त् + र), ज्ञ (ज् + ञ), श्र (श् +र)

Key Points

Additional Information

स्पर्श व्यंजन : स्पर्श का अर्थ छूना होता है। ऐसे व्यंजन जिनका उच्चारण करते समय जीभ कण्ठ, तालु, मूर्धा, दाँत, अथवा होठ का स्पर्श करती है, उन्हें स्पर्श व्यंजन कहते है। कुल 33 व्यंजनों में 25 स्पर्श व्यंजन होते हैं। क, ख, ग, घ, ङ।

अंतःस्थ व्यंजन : अंतः का मतलब भीतर होता है। ऐसे व्यंजन जो उच्चारण करते समय हमारे मुख के भीतर ही रह जाते हैं, वे व्यंजन अंतःस्थ व्यंजन कहलाते हैं। कुल 33 व्यंजनों में से चार अंतःस्थ व्यंजन होते हैं : य, र, ल, व।

ऊष्म व्यंजन : जैसा कि हम जानते हैं ऊष्म का अर्थ गरम होता है। ऐसे वर्ण जिनका उच्चारण करते समय वायु मुख से रगड़ खाकर ऊष्मा पैदा करती है यानी उच्चारण के समय मुख से गर्म हवा निकलती है। श, ष, स, ह।

सयुंक्त व्यंजन : ऐसे व्यंजन जो दो या दो से अधिक व्यंजनों के मेल से बनते हैं, वे सयुंक्त व्यंजन कहलाते हैं। हिन्दी वर्णमाला में कुल चार सयुंक्त व्यंजन है : क्ष, त्र, ज्ञ, श्र।

'मध्यम पुरुष' है-तुम

Key Pointsमध्यम पुरुष-

• सुनने वाला मध्यम पुरुष कहलाता है।
• श्रोता के नाम के स्थान पर वक्ता द्वारा प्रयुक्त सर्वनाम मध्यम पुरुष होता है।
• जैसे-
  • तू, तुम, आप, तुम्हारा, तुम्हें, तेरा, तुझे।
• उदाहरण-
  • तुम कहाँ जा रहे हो।

Important Pointsउत्तम पुरुष-

• बोलने वाला उत्तम पुरुष कहलाता है।
• वक्ता अपने नाम का स्थान पर जिस सर्वनाम का प्रयोग करता है, उत्तम पुरुष कहलाता है।
• जैसे-
  • मैं, मेरा, मुझे, मेरी, मुझसे, मेरे, हम, हमारा, हमारी, हमें, हमसे।
• उदाहरण-
  • मैं घर जा रही हूँ।
  • हम बाहर जा रहे है।

अन्य पुरुष-

• जिसके विषय में वार्ता की जा रही है वह अन्य पुरुष कहलाता है।
• जैसे-
  • यह, वह, इन्हें, उन्हें, इसे, उसे, ये, वे, इसने, उसने, इसका, उसका, आपका।
• उदाहरण-
  • वह खाना खाता है।

Additional Informationपुरुष-

• बोल-चाल में हमें तीन बातों की आवश्यकता रहती है-
  • वक्ता (कहने वाला)
  • श्रोता (सुनने वाला)
  • किसी व्यक्ति या वस्तु का कथन, जिसके विषय में कुछ कहा जाए।
• इन तीनों का संबंध पुरुष से माना जाता है।
• पुरुष तीन प्रकार के होते हैं-
  • उत्तम पुरुष
  • मध्यम पुरुष
  • अन्य पुरुष

सही उत्तर है - ‘जिताना’।

• ‘जिताना’ क्रिया प्रेरणार्थक क्रिया है।
• मूल धातु शब्द - ‘जीतना’। ‘जिताना’ प्रथम प्रेरणार्थक रूप है।

Key Points

• प्रेरणार्थक क्रिया - जब कर्ता किसी कार्य को स्वयं न करके किसी दूसरे को कार्य करने की प्रेरणा दे तो उस क्रिया को प्रेरणार्थक क्रिया कहते हैं।
• प्रेरणार्थक क्रिया के उदाहरण :
  • वह सबसे चालान भरवाता है।
  • महेश बच्चों को रुलाता है।

Additional Information

• क्रिया वे शब्द होते हैं जो किसी कार्य के होने या करने अथवा किसी व्यक्ति या वस्तु की स्थिति का बोध कराते हैं।
• क्रिया के भेद :-
  • कर्म के आधार पर क्रिया के भेद :-
    • अकर्मक क्रिया
    • सकर्मक क्रिया
  • रचना के आधार पर :-
    • सामान्य क्रिया
    • संयुक्त क्रिया
    • नामधातु क्रिया
    • प्रेरणार्थक क्रिया
    • पूर्वकालिक क्रिया

दिए गए विकल्पों में ‘चौकोर’ एक विशेषण शब्द है। अतिरिक्त विकल्प असंगत हैं।

Key Points

विशेषण –

• संज्ञा तथा सर्वनाम की विशेषता (गुण, दोष, संख्या आदि) बताने वाले शब्दों को विशेषण कहते हैं। जैसे – सुन्दर, बूढ़ा, चार किलो, भारी, गोल, चौकोर, एक, दो आदि।

• यहाँ गुणवाचक विशेषण है। गुणवाचक विशेषण अर्थात वे शब्द जो संज्ञा या सर्वनाम के गुण, धर्म, स्वाभाव, आकार आदि का बोध कराए। जैसे - बलशाली, पुराना, नया, तीक्ष्ण, कमजोर, मोटा, दुर्बल, पठारी आदि।

Additional Information

Important Points

Concept used:

Prime numbers are the numbers which has only two factors 1 and itself.

Mean = sum of all observation/ total number of observations

Calculation:

The first 5 two digit prime numbers are = 11, 13, 17, 19, 23

Mean = (11 + 13 + 17 + 19 + 23)/5 = 83/5 = 16.6

∴ The mean of first 5 prime numbers of 2 digits is 16.6

Concept:

• Animal or plant species that are likely to become extinct in the near future, either worldwide or in a particular country are called Endangered species.
• Endangered species are species that are at high risk to get extincted.
• This tag is given by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
• These tags are used to identify species which are needed to be protected.

Explanation:

About Giant Panda:

• Giant Panda is also called Panda Bear is found in dense bamboo forests of south-central China.
• They have distinct black patches around their eyes, over the years, and across their round body.
• These mostly eat bamboo shoots and leaves but also occasionally consume grasses, wild tubers, or even meat in the form of birds, rodents, or carrion.
• As a result of farming, deforestation, and other development, the giant panda has been driven out of the lowland areas where it once lived.
• As of December 2014, 49 giant pandas lived in captivity outside China, living in 18 zoos in 13 different countries.
• Some reports also show that the number of giant pandas in the wild is on the rise.
• In March 2015, conservation news site Mongabay stated that the wild giant panda population had increased by 16.8%.
• In 2016, the IUCN reclassified the species from "endangered" to "vulnerable", affirming decade-long efforts to save the panda.

Thus, an endangered animal Giant Panda is found in China.

Additional Information

Some of the tags of IUCN are:

Concept:

• Illness/Diseases: It is a state of experience by the body when one or more of the control systems of the body are not functioning normally.
  • Communicable disease: The diseases which are infectious or transmissible from a body to body through biological agents in humans and animals. Ex- Influenza, Ebola, Covid-19, etc.
  • Non-communicable disease: The disease that is not transmissible directly from one person to another through biological agents, Ex- Astana, Diabetes, etc.

Explanation:

• Typhoid fever is a systemic infection caused by Salmonella Typhi, usually through ingestion of contaminated food or water.
• Cholera is an acute diarrhoeal infection caused by the ingestion of food or water contaminated with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae.
• Polio is caused by a virus known as poliovirus and it can cause paralysis.

Some common communicable diseases are:

Additional Information

• Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection causing a severe flu-like illness and, sometimes causing a potentially lethal complication called severe dengue.
• Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by parasites that are transmitted to people through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes.
• Chikungunya is a viral disease (genus Alphavirus) that is transmitted to humans by infected mosquitoes – including Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus.
• HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that attacks cells that help the body fight infection, making a person more vulnerable to other infections and diseases.
• It is spread by contact with certain bodily fluids of a person with HIV, most commonly during unprotected sex (sex without a condom or HIV medicine to prevent or treat HIV), or through sharing injection drug equipment.
• AIDS is the late stage of HIV infection that occurs when the body’s immune system is badly damaged because of the virus.

The correct answer is Natural gas, oil and coal.

Key Points

• Non-renewable resources:
  • Non-renewable resources are those which have limited stock.
  • Once the stocks are exhausted it may take thousands of years to be renewed or replenished.
  • Since this period is much more than human life spans, such resources are considered non-renewable.
  • Coal, petroleum oil, and natural gas are some examples of non-renewable resources.
  • They are found deep inside the earth and are made by natural processes over many centuries.

Additional Information

• Renewable resources:
  • Renewable resources are those which get renewed or replenished quickly.
  • Some of these are unlimited and are not affected by human activities, such as solar and wind energy.
  • Yet careless use of certain renewable resources like water, soil, and forest can affect their stock.

Edward Jenner has developed the world's first-ever vaccine.

• Edward Jenner(17 May 1749 – 26 January 1823) was an English physician and scientist who was the pioneer of smallpox vaccine, the world's first vaccine.
• Edward Jenner is often called "the father of immunology".
• A member of the Royal Society, in the field of zoology he was the first person to describe the brood parasitism of the cuckoo.
• In 2002, Edward Jenner was named in the BBC's list of the 100 Greatest Britons.
• Louis Pasteur was renowned for his discoveries of the principles of vaccination, microbial fermentation and pasteurization.
• Thomas Martin was an English physical chemist who developed the Brønsted–Lowry acid-base theory.
• Alexander Fleming best-known discoveries are the enzyme lysozyme in 1923 and the world's first antibiotic substance benzylpenicillin (Penicillin G) from the mould Penicillium notatum in 1928.