Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions:
The brave new economy being rebuilt in the wake of the financial meltdown is being built on low-wage service work, as manufacturing’s decline has accelerated and construction ground to a halt. At the beginning of the Great Recession, economist Heather Boushey noted at Slate, manufacturing and construction made up fully half the jobs lost, along with financial services and other business fields, and writers declared the “Mancession” or “He-cession” or even, as Hanna Rosin’s popular book has it, The End of Men. But as others have pointed out, as the recession drags on, it’s women who’ve faced the largest losses, not only in direct attacks on public sector jobs that are dominated by women, but in increased competition from the men pushed out of their previous professions. Some 60 percent of the jobs lost in the public sector were held by women, according to the Institute for Women’s Policy Research. And women have regained only 12 percent of the jobs lost during the recession, while men have regained 63 percent of the jobs they lost.
Women may be overrepresented in the growing sectors of the economy, but those sectors pay poverty wages. The public sector job cuts that have been largely responsible for unemployment remaining at or near 8 percent have fallen disproportionately on women (and women of color are hit the hardest). Those good union jobs disappear, and are replaced with a minimum-wage gig at Walmart—and even in retail, women make only 90 percent of what men make.
“All work is gendered. And the economy that we have assigns different levels of value based off of that,” says Ai-Jen Poo, executive director of the National Domestic Workers Alliance. Poo came to labor organizing through feminism. As a volunteer in a domestic violence shelter for Asian immigrant women, she explains, she realized that it was women who had economic opportunities who were able to break the cycle of violence. She brings a sharp gender analysis to the struggle for respect and better treatment for the workers, mostly women, who “make all other work possible.”
“Society has devalued that work over time,” she notes of the cleaning, caring, cooking, and other work domestic workers perform, largely hidden from public view, “and we think that that has a lot to do with who’s done the work.”
This argument was at the root of the fight for access to employment outside of the “pink-collar” fields. To be trapped in women’s jobs was to be forever trapped in a certain vision of femininity. Breaking out of “women’s work” was a form of breaking through the “feminine mystique” that Betty Friedan decried. But that work still needs to be done, and, Poo notes, the conditions that have long defined domestic work and service work—instability, lack of training, lack of career pathways, low pay—are now increasingly the reality for all American workers, not just women. When we focus on equal access at the top, we miss out the real story, which historian Bethany Moreton points out, “is not ‘Oh wow, women get to be lawyers,’ but that men get to be casualized clerks.”
Q. "Breaking out of women’s work was a form of breaking through the feminine mystique". Which of the following statements best captures the sense of this statement?
Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions:
It’s been two decades since the Human Genome Project first unveiled a rough draft of our genetic instruction book. The promise of that medical moon shot was that doctors would soon be able to look at an individual’s DNA and prescribe the right medicines for that person’s illness or even prevent certain diseases. That promise, known as precision medicine, has yet to be fulfilled in any widespread way. True, researchers are getting clues about some genetic variants linked to certain conditions and some that affect how drugs work in the body. But many of those advances have benefited just one group: people whose ancestral roots stem from Europe. In other words, white people.
Instead of a truly human genome that represents everyone, “what we have is essentially a European genome,” says Constance Hilliard, an evolutionary historian at the University of North Texas in Denton. “That data doesn’t work for anybody apart from people of European ancestry.” She’s talking about more than the Human Genome Project’s reference genome. That database is just one of many that researchers are using to develop precision medicine strategies. Often those genetic databases draw on data mainly from white participants. But race isn’t the issue. The problem is that collectively, those data add up to a catalog of genetic variants that don’t represent the full range of human genetic diversity.
One solution is to make customized reference genomes for populations whose members die from cancer or heart disease at higher rates than other groups, for example, or who face other worse health outcomes, Hilliard suggests. Hilliard’s hypothesis is that precision medicine, which tailors treatments based on a person’s genetic data, lifestyle, environment and physiology, is more likely to succeed when researchers consider the histories of groups that have worse health outcomes.
And the more specific the better. For instance, African Americans who descended from enslaved people have geographic and ecological origins as well as evolutionary and social histories distinct from those of recent African immigrants to the United States. Those histories have left stamps in the DNA that can make a difference in people’s health today. The same goes for Indigenous people from various parts of the world and Latino people from Mexico versus the Caribbean or Central or South America.
Results of a survey conducted by Science News revealed that one big drawback to Hilliard’s proposal may be social rather than scientific. Many respondents expressed concern that even well-intentioned scientists might do research that ultimately increases bias and discrimination toward certain groups. As one respondent put it, “The idea of diversity is being stretched into an arena where racial differences will be emphasized and commonalities minimized. The fear is that any differences that are found would be exploited by those who want to denigrate others. This is truly the entry to a racist philosophy.” Indeed, the Chinese government has come under fire for using DNA to identify members of the Uighur Muslim ethnic group, singling them out for surveillance and sending some to “reeducation camps.”
Hilliard says that the argument that minorities become more vulnerable when they open themselves to genetic research is valid. “Genomics, like nuclear fusion, can be weaponized and dangerous,” she says in response to respondents' concerns. “Minorities can choose to be left out of the genomic revolution or they can make full use of it,” by adding their genetic data to the mix.
Q. The central point in the fifth paragraph is that
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Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions:
Cryptocurrencies have long been heralded as the future of finance, but it wasn’t until 2020 that it finally caught on to an old idea: making money with money. In the crypto world, decentralized finance (or DeFi) encompasses a wide array of blockchain-based applications intended to enhance cryptocurrency holders’ returns without relying on intermediaries — to earn the kind of passive returns an investor might get from a savings account, a Treasury bill, or an Apple Inc. bond.
The idea seems to be catching fire: Deposits in DeFi applications grew from about $1 billion in June to just under $40 billion by late January 2021, suggesting that DeFi could be a major element of crypto from here on out. In the tradition of disruptive innovations — as Clayton Christensen envisioned them — DeFi can be the evolution of blockchain technology that might launch it into mainstream.
The premise of DeFi is simple: Fix the longstanding inefficiency in crypto finance of capital being kept idle at a nonzero opportunity cost. Now, most investors buy crypto with the hope that the value of the currency itself will rise, as Bitcoin has. In general, that strategy has worked just fine. The value of cryptocurrencies has appreciated so rapidly that there just wasn’t much incentive to worry about gains of a few percent here and there.
But the recent rise of stablecoins, which are designed keep their value constant, has changed that calculation. The combined market cap of stablecoins such as Terra and USDC has more than quadrupled in 2020. Now, vast passive income opportunities are being awakened by DeFi.
The appeal of a lower-risk approach to crypto is obvious and has the potential to expand the pool of investors. For the first time, it’s possible to be compensated for owning cryptos (even in the absence of price appreciation), which brings real, tangible utilities to digital currencies and changes the narrative of an asset class whose sole purpose used to be about being sold at a higher price. Therefore, many of the DeFi protocols today might have the potential to become big and bold enough to rival their centralized counterparts, while staying true to their decentralized roots. Furthermore, with volatility out of the picture and the promise of more stable returns, institutional investors are now considering crypto as part of their investments in alternatives.
The search for passive returns on crypto assets, called “yield farming,” is already taking shape on a number of new lending platforms. Compound Labs has launched one of the biggest DeFi lending platforms, where users can now borrow and lend any cryptocurrency on a short-term basis at algorithmically determined rates. A prototypical yield farmer moves assets around pools on Compound, constantly chasing the pool offering the highest annual percentage yield (APY). Practically, it echoes a strategy in traditional finance — a foreign currency carry trade — where a trader seeks to borrow the currency charging a lower interest rate and lend the one offering a higher return.
Crypto yield farming, however, offers more incentives. For instance, by depositing stablecoins into a digital account, investors would be rewarded in at least two ways. First, they receive the APY on their deposits. Second, and more importantly, certain protocols offer an additional subsidy, in the form of a new token, on top of the yield that it charges the borrower and pays to the lender.
Q. Which of the following statements cannot be inferred from the passage?
I. DeFi is a form of finance that does not rely on financial intermediaries.
II. Capital invested in crypto finance would have zero opportunity cost with increased deposits in DeFi applications.
III. Deposits in DeFi applications would make cryptocurrency investments free from volatility.
IV. People follow traditional financial strategies on DeFi lending platforms.
Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions:
Cryptocurrencies have long been heralded as the future of finance, but it wasn’t until 2020 that it finally caught on to an old idea: making money with money. In the crypto world, decentralized finance (or DeFi) encompasses a wide array of blockchain-based applications intended to enhance cryptocurrency holders’ returns without relying on intermediaries — to earn the kind of passive returns an investor might get from a savings account, a Treasury bill, or an Apple Inc. bond.
The idea seems to be catching fire: Deposits in DeFi applications grew from about $1 billion in June to just under $40 billion by late January 2021, suggesting that DeFi could be a major element of crypto from here on out. In the tradition of disruptive innovations — as Clayton Christensen envisioned them — DeFi can be the evolution of blockchain technology that might launch it into mainstream.
The premise of DeFi is simple: Fix the longstanding inefficiency in crypto finance of capital being kept idle at a nonzero opportunity cost. Now, most investors buy crypto with the hope that the value of the currency itself will rise, as Bitcoin has. In general, that strategy has worked just fine. The value of cryptocurrencies has appreciated so rapidly that there just wasn’t much incentive to worry about gains of a few percent here and there.
But the recent rise of stablecoins, which are designed keep their value constant, has changed that calculation. The combined market cap of stablecoins such as Terra and USDC has more than quadrupled in 2020. Now, vast passive income opportunities are being awakened by DeFi.
The appeal of a lower-risk approach to crypto is obvious and has the potential to expand the pool of investors. For the first time, it’s possible to be compensated for owning cryptos (even in the absence of price appreciation), which brings real, tangible utilities to digital currencies and changes the narrative of an asset class whose sole purpose used to be about being sold at a higher price. Therefore, many of the DeFi protocols today might have the potential to become big and bold enough to rival their centralized counterparts, while staying true to their decentralized roots. Furthermore, with volatility out of the picture and the promise of more stable returns, institutional investors are now considering crypto as part of their investments in alternatives.
The search for passive returns on crypto assets, called “yield farming,” is already taking shape on a number of new lending platforms. Compound Labs has launched one of the biggest DeFi lending platforms, where users can now borrow and lend any cryptocurrency on a short-term basis at algorithmically determined rates. A prototypical yield farmer moves assets around pools on Compound, constantly chasing the pool offering the highest annual percentage yield (APY). Practically, it echoes a strategy in traditional finance — a foreign currency carry trade — where a trader seeks to borrow the currency charging a lower interest rate and lend the one offering a higher return.
Crypto yield farming, however, offers more incentives. For instance, by depositing stablecoins into a digital account, investors would be rewarded in at least two ways. First, they receive the APY on their deposits. Second, and more importantly, certain protocols offer an additional subsidy, in the form of a new token, on top of the yield that it charges the borrower and pays to the lender.
Q. Which of the following would the author cite as a reason for activity in DeFi applications being nascent until recently?
Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions:
Cryptocurrencies have long been heralded as the future of finance, but it wasn’t until 2020 that it finally caught on to an old idea: making money with money. In the crypto world, decentralized finance (or DeFi) encompasses a wide array of blockchain-based applications intended to enhance cryptocurrency holders’ returns without relying on intermediaries — to earn the kind of passive returns an investor might get from a savings account, a Treasury bill, or an Apple Inc. bond.
The idea seems to be catching fire: Deposits in DeFi applications grew from about $1 billion in June to just under $40 billion by late January 2021, suggesting that DeFi could be a major element of crypto from here on out. In the tradition of disruptive innovations — as Clayton Christensen envisioned them — DeFi can be the evolution of blockchain technology that might launch it into mainstream.
The premise of DeFi is simple: Fix the longstanding inefficiency in crypto finance of capital being kept idle at a nonzero opportunity cost. Now, most investors buy crypto with the hope that the value of the currency itself will rise, as Bitcoin has. In general, that strategy has worked just fine. The value of cryptocurrencies has appreciated so rapidly that there just wasn’t much incentive to worry about gains of a few percent here and there.
But the recent rise of stablecoins, which are designed keep their value constant, has changed that calculation. The combined market cap of stablecoins such as Terra and USDC has more than quadrupled in 2020. Now, vast passive income opportunities are being awakened by DeFi.
The appeal of a lower-risk approach to crypto is obvious and has the potential to expand the pool of investors. For the first time, it’s possible to be compensated for owning cryptos (even in the absence of price appreciation), which brings real, tangible utilities to digital currencies and changes the narrative of an asset class whose sole purpose used to be about being sold at a higher price. Therefore, many of the DeFi protocols today might have the potential to become big and bold enough to rival their centralized counterparts, while staying true to their decentralized roots. Furthermore, with volatility out of the picture and the promise of more stable returns, institutional investors are now considering crypto as part of their investments in alternatives.
The search for passive returns on crypto assets, called “yield farming,” is already taking shape on a number of new lending platforms. Compound Labs has launched one of the biggest DeFi lending platforms, where users can now borrow and lend any cryptocurrency on a short-term basis at algorithmically determined rates. A prototypical yield farmer moves assets around pools on Compound, constantly chasing the pool offering the highest annual percentage yield (APY). Practically, it echoes a strategy in traditional finance — a foreign currency carry trade — where a trader seeks to borrow the currency charging a lower interest rate and lend the one offering a higher return.
Crypto yield farming, however, offers more incentives. For instance, by depositing stablecoins into a digital account, investors would be rewarded in at least two ways. First, they receive the APY on their deposits. Second, and more importantly, certain protocols offer an additional subsidy, in the form of a new token, on top of the yield that it charges the borrower and pays to the lender.
Q. The primary purpose of the passage is to
Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions:
When investigating witchcraft, one needs to differentiate between real and imaginary magic in the early modern period. If we want to understand the connection between the imaginary magic of the witches and economic behaviour, we need to deal with the connection between the economy and the real magic practised by ‘common’ people. In pre-industrial Europe, magic was a part of everyday life, very much like religion. People didn’t just believe in the efficacy of magic, they actively tried to use magic themselves. Simple forms of divination and healing magic were common, as was magic related to agriculture. The peasant household used divination to find out if the time was right for certain agricultural activities. Charms were supposed to keep the livestock in good health. Urban artisans and merchants also used economic magic to increase their wealth.
Of all the forms of magic, magical treasure-hunting had the greatest economic significance. Treasure hunters drew on a vast magical arsenal. They had spell books of any description, divining rods available in any kind of wood, amulets to protect them against evil spirits, and lead tablets etched with magical signs. To the utter horror of the ecclesiastical authorities, they invoked angels and saints. Treasure hunters talked to ghosts. Some of them even tried to conjure up demons. However, common people simply didn’t see treasure magic as witchcraft, and most of the judges agreed.
Separate from these real forms of magic, there was the imaginary magic of the witches. Nobody was ever (or could ever be) guilty of witchcraft in the full sense of the word, which was defined by the late Middle Ages as a crime that consisted of five elements: a pact with the devil; sexual intercourse with demons; the magical flight (on a broomstick or a similar device); the witches’ dance (often referred to by the antisemitic term ‘witches’ sabbath’); and malevolent magic. Early modern Europe and Britain treated witchcraft as a capital crime.
At first glance, the relation between the economy and the imaginary magic of the witches seems to be entirely negative. Witches were often accused of attacking livestock. They magically made frost, storm and hail, and thereby caused crop failure. Indeed, their weather magic was said to endanger the economy of entire regions. Still, at least in the majority of the witch trials on the European continent, the witches didn’t profit from their magic. Weather magic especially looked like a strange form of auto-aggression because the hailstorms the witches supposedly conjured up damaged their own fields as well. As a rule, the pact with the devil as it appears in trial records was not a contract like that of Goethe’s Faust, which was mostly about the wishes of the magician. Rather, it stated simply that the witch submitted to the will of the demon. She did what a demon told her and became the instrument of the demon’s abyssal hatred of all creation. Witchcraft was mostly about destruction for destruction’s sake, not about the personal interests and wishes of the witches, let alone their economic advantage.
Q. In pre-industrial Europe, magic was practised for all of the following purposes, EXCEPT:
The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3, 4) below, when properly sequenced would yield a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper sequencing of the order of the sentences and key in the sequence of the four numbers as your answer:
Modern history abounds with violence fueled by apocalyptic myths, not always explicitly religious in nature. The aim of the Jacobin terror in revolutionary France was the creation of a modern state. If the violent suppression of the peasant revolt in the Vendée is included, the casualties ran into the hundreds of thousands. The myths that possessed these anarchists in their campaigns of assassination were secular myths of social transformation. Lenin avowedly followed the Jacobin example when he used the Cheka to create a modern state in Russia. One of the factors that distinguished Nazism and fascism from conventional tyrannies was the belief that a new society could be fashioned by the systematic use of terror. Violent jihadism has more in common with these modern totalitarian movements than is commonly supposed.
Nineteenth-century liberals recognized that democracy comes in various forms, and dreaded the version advocated by Rousseau, in which an inspired lawgiver interprets and implements the will of the people. Nowadays such fears are dismissed as elitist. But the old-fashioned liberals grasped a vital truth: popular government has no necessary connection with the freedom of individuals or minorities. Of course, liberals today will say this can be remedied by installing the rule of constitutional rights. Such systems are fragile, however, and count for nothing when large sections of society are indifferent or actively hostile to liberal values. Where this is the case, democracy means not much more than the tyranny of the majority.
Sheldon Cooper and Barry Kripke are 2 rival scientists at a world-renowned university. They both require highly expensive laser equipment for their research project but the university could afford only one. Not wanting to take sides of either of the scientists, Dr Siebert proposed them to use their logical brains to compete in a game and the winner would be allowed to use the equipment first. The game had following rules
Both the scientist play with the intention of winning and can not skip their turn
Q. What is the lowest 3-digit level at which the dog should be placed given that Kripke starts the game and wins?
5 friends Akbar, Birbal, Chandan, Dhanush and Eeshwar, are standing in a line, not necessarily in the same order. Each of them is wearing is a shirt of unique colour among Red, Green, Blue, Yellow and Black not necessarily in the same order. Each of them also was wearing a pant which is unique among Red, Green, Blue, Yellow and Black not necessarily in the same order. They each own a device among iPhone, iPad, Apple Watch, iPod and Airpods.
The following things about the arrangements are known:
Q. Which of the following is the correct combination of colour of pant and colour of shirt in the same order
5 friends Akbar, Birbal, Chandan, Dhanush and Eeshwar, are standing in a line, not necessarily in the same order. Each of them is wearing is a shirt of unique colour among Red, Green, Blue, Yellow and Black not necessarily in the same order. Each of them also was wearing a pant which is unique among Red, Green, Blue, Yellow and Black not necessarily in the same order. They each own a device among iPhone, iPad, Apple Watch, iPod and Airpods.
The following things about the arrangements are known:
Q. Positions of how many friends can be uniquely determined?
Directions (35–39): Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow:
7 people A, B, C, D, E, F & G who are experts of different subjects History, Mathematics, Geography, English, Biology, Chemistry & Physics (not necessarily in same order) have to go to different cities Goa, Punjab, Pune, New Delhi, Lucknow, Dehradun & Mumbai (not necessarily in same order) for seminar. No two persons are experts of the same subjects. No two people have to go to the same city. One person is an expert of one subject & goes to one city only. They have to go on different days of the week starting from Monday.
G has to go after Thursday. Only 1 person has to go between the person who is an expert of Geography & the person who is an expert of English. At least 2 people have to go between G & B. Only 2 people has to go between C & E who is an expert of Physics. 3 persons has to go between G & D who has to go immediately before the person who has to go to Goa. B, who has to go to Pune, goes immediately before the person who is an expert of Chemistry. Only 2 people goes between the person who goes to Mumbai & the person who goes to New Delhi. C goes after E. F who is a mathematics expert goes immediately before the person who has to go to Mumbai. The person who goes to Punjab is an expert of History & goes immediately after the person who is an expert of Biology.
Q. Which of the following statements is definitely true?
5 friends Anay, Bhola, Chintu, Dinu and Eshwar spend their entire salary on Rent, Groceries and Travel. The following graph shows the amount of money spent by each of the 5 friends on a particular expense as a percentage of the total amount of money spent by all of the 5 friends on a particular expense. For example, if the amount spend by all the friends on Rent is ‘R’ then the amount spent by Anay on rent is 0.26R. The total amount of money spent by exactly 3 friends is equal.
The amount spent on traveling is how much percent more than the amount spent on rent by all the friends combined?
Directions: Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow:
Below data is given regarding the number of soft toys of three different types (Pikachu, Teddy bear, and Doraemon) made by three soft toys companies S, T and U.
Company S: The number of Teddy bears made by S is 31.25% of total Teddy bears made by three companies and the number of Pikachu made by S is equal to the number of Doraemon made by T. The ratio of the number of Pikachu, Teddy bear and Doraemon made by three companies together are 8: 8: 9 respectively and the ratio of the number of Doraemon made by S, T and U are 3: 2:1 respectively.
Company T: The number of Teddy bears made by T is 40 more than the number of Doraemon made by T. The number of Pikachu made by T is 20 less than the number of Teddy bears made by S.
Company U: The number of Pikachu made by S is 20 more than the number of Pikachu made by U and the number of Teddy bears made by U is 160.
Q. The number of Doraemon and Pikachu made by U is what percentage more or less than the number of Teddy bear and Doraemon made by T?
A person travels from A to B and returns. He has two stops (C and D) to reach his destination and AC = CD = DB. In onward journey, his speed from A to C is 20 kmph, from C to D is 25 kmph, and from D to B is 10 kmph. While returning to A, his speed from B to D is 20 kmph; from D to C, he takes a different route which increases his driving distance by 10 km but allows him to drive at 40 kmph along his route; and from C to A, his speed is 25 kmph. If his return journey takes 3 minutes less than his onward journey, find the distance (in km) between A and B.
There are three solutions, A, B and C containing alcohol and water. The strength of the three solutions are 80%, 90% and 70% respectively. When 1 litre each of A and B is mixed with C, the strength of C increases to 75%. What would be the strength of C if two litres of A and 0.5 litres of B were mixed with C?
A cube is painted and then cut into 1000 smaller cubes of equal size. What is the number of small cubes which have exactly one face painted?
If A,B and C are the angles of a triangle and a,b,c are the corresponding sides, then the equations (sin A + sin B)x+(sin B + sin C)y+sin C + sin A = 0 and (a+b)x + (b+c)y+c+a = 0 have
What is the maximum number of acute interior angles that a 12 sided closed figure can enclose?
What is the total number of positive integral solution of [x/7] = [x/9], where [a] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to a?
If |x + 1| < 6 and |y - 1| < 6 where x, y are integers, what can be the maximum value of x2 + y2 - xy
Determine the value of a x b if log27 a + log9 b3 = 13 and log27 b + log9 a3 = 9.
The cost of 4 pens, 10 pencils and 14 erasers at a stationery shop is Rs 120. At the same shop, the cost of 6 pens and 10 erasers is Rs 60 more than 12 pencils. By how much amount (in Rs.) does the cost of 78 pencils and 2 erasers exceed the cost of 12 pens?
x and y are integers such that, log16(x + y) + log16(x - y) = 1. Find the maximum value of |x - y|
Milkman Indravadan is planning to sell Rabdi. He bought milk at the rate of Rs 30/kg and sugar at the rate of Rs 50/kg and mixed them in a ratio of 5:4. He then cooks the mixture for several hours during which some of the water got evaporated. In the new mixture ’Rabdi’, the ratio of milk to sugar is 4:5. At approximately what price (per kg) should he sell this Rabdi so as to earn a profit of 20% on the whole transaction?
What is the number of perfect cubes that can be represented as a 4-digit number in base 5?
An arithmetic progression consists of an even number of terms. The sum of its odd terms is 50 whereas the sum of its even terms is 56. Find the number of terms in the series if the last term of the series exceeds the first term by 11.25.
The selling price of 16 pens is the same the cost price of 25 pens. If the total discount offered on 50 pens is the same as the selling price of 14 pens then find out the markup percentage.
How many factors of 840 are multiples of 5 but not of 8?