Satish Chandra Test: The Mughal Empire- 3 - UPSC MCQ

B is the correct option.The Safavid dynasty made it its political project to convert Iran into a Shia country,the Mughal Muslims to the east in India, as Sunni. Bijapur was bounded on the West by the Portuguese state of Goa and on the East by the Sultanate of Golconda, ruled by the Qutb Shahi dynasty, which came to be shia. Aurangzeb being a muslim ruler, wanted to put an end on independent states of Bijapur and Golconda .

Sambhaji provided shelter to the emperor's rebel son Sultan Muhammad Akbar, which angered Aurangzeb. In September 1681, after settling his dispute with the royal house of Mewar, Aurangzeb began his journey to Deccan to conquer the relatively young Maratha Empire.

Correct Answer :- b

Explanation : Aurangzeb felt that he was superior not only had he become superior to administer the empire in a better way but also to protect and strengthen Islam particularly its Sunni faith. He was a strict follower of the Sunni sect not Shia.

In 1504 Bābur seized Kabul (Afghanistan) with his personal followers, maintaining himself there against all rebellions and intrigues. His last unsuccessful attempt on Samarkand (1511–12) induced him to give up a futile quest and to concentrate on expansion elsewhere. In 1522, when he was already turning his attention to Sindh (now a province in Pakistan) and India, he finally secured Kandahār, a strategic site (now in Afghanistan) on the road to Sindh.

Somnath temple was attacked by Mahmud of Ghazni in 1025. He invaded India 17 times, he died in year 1030.

Aurangzeb did not just build an isolated mosque on a destroyed temple, he ordered all temples destroyed, among them the Kashi Vishwanath temple, one of the most sacred places of Hinduism, and had mosques built on a number of cleared temple sites.
Aurangzeb  gave grants to some Hindu temple and maths.

The correct option is C as the Hindus formed about one-third of the nobility during the reign of aurangzeb.

(I) She was killed while fighting the Mughals.

• This statement is incorrect. Chand Bibi was not killed while fighting the Mughals but was actually killed by her own troops who mutinied, suspecting her of treachery during the siege of Ahmadnagar by the Mughal forces.

(II) She was a Bijapuri ruler’s widow.

• This statement is correct. Chand Bibi was the widow of Ali Adil Shah I, the Sultan of Bijapur. After his death, she played a significant political role in the region.

(III) She ruled Ahmadnagar on behalf of a nephew called Bahadur.

• This statement is correct. Chand Bibi ruled Ahmadnagar as a regent for her nephew, Bahadur Shah of Ahmadnagar, during periods of political instability.

(IV) She concluded a treaty with Akbar whereby Mughal suzerainty was recognised.

• This statement is incorrect. While Chand Bibi did defend Ahmadnagar against the Mughal forces, she did not conclude any treaty recognizing Mughal suzerainty. The resistance continued, and the city eventually fell to the Mughals after her death.

Given these clarifications, the correct statements about Chand Bibi are II (she was a Bijapuri ruler’s widow) and III (she ruled Ahmadnagar on behalf of a nephew called Bahadur).

Thus, the correct answer is: 2. Only II and III - These statements accurately reflect the historical facts regarding Chand Bibi's life and role in the Deccan sultanates.

Ahadis:These superb heavy cavalry are important shock troops in any Mughal army.
Dressed in the finest uniforms, their saddles encrusted in precious gems, their weapons and equipment likewise, their horses perfectly turned out and decorated with tassels, the Ahadis would look entirely at home guarding a magnificently-appointed palace. They are capable of that, but they are also capable of so much more. These are practical warriors for a working battle, with a good grasp of tactics and the skills needed to cut almost any enemy to ribbons. As they charge home the tassels make each horse appear winged!
Each man is hand picked, trained to ride without thinking about it, and given the very best horse and equipment Mughal money can buy.
“Ahadi” literally means “royal messenger”, and the message they delivered on the battlefield was a devastating one of terror and violence!