Back-End Programming Exam > Back-End Programming Videos > Shell Scripting: Discovering to Automate Command-Line Tasks > Shell Scripting Tutorial-49: Count the number of words & sentences in a text file without using 'wc'
Shell Scripting Tutorial-49: Count the number of words & sentences in a text file without using 'wc' Video Lecture | Shell Scripting: Discovering to Automate Command-Line Tasks - Back-End Programming
FAQs on Shell Scripting Tutorial-49: Count the number of words & sentences in a text file without using 'wc' Video Lecture - Shell Scripting: Discovering to Automate Command-Line Tasks - Back-End Programming
| 1. How can I count the number of words in a text file without using 'wc'? |  |
Ans. One way to count the number of words in a text file without using 'wc' is to use a shell script. You can read the file line by line, split each line into words, and increment a counter for each word encountered. Here's an example:
```bash
#!/bin/bash
count=0
while IFS= read -r line; do
words=($line)
count=$((count + ${#words[@]}))
done < "filename.txt"
echo "The number of words in the file is: $count"
```
This script reads the file named "filename.txt" line by line, splits each line into words using the space as the delimiter, and increments the count variable accordingly. Finally, it prints the total number of words in the file.
| 2. How can I count the number of sentences in a text file without using 'wc'? | |
Ans. To count the number of sentences in a text file without using 'wc', you can use a similar approach as counting words. Instead of splitting lines into words, you split lines into sentences based on common sentence-ending punctuation marks like periods, question marks, and exclamation marks. Here's an example:
```bash
#!/bin/bash
count=0
while IFS= read -r line; do
sentences=$(echo "$line" | grep -oE '[^.!?]+[.!?]')
count=$((count + $(echo "$sentences" | wc -l)))
done < "filename.txt"
echo "The number of sentences in the file is: $count"
```
This script reads the file named "filename.txt" line by line, uses a regular expression to extract sentences from each line, and counts the number of extracted sentences. Finally, it prints the total number of sentences in the file.
| 3. Are there any limitations or edge cases to be aware of when using these methods to count words and sentences? | |
Ans. Yes, there are some limitations and edge cases to consider when using these methods:
- Words: The method of splitting lines into words using spaces as delimiters may not handle all cases correctly. It may not handle words with hyphens or other special characters properly. Additionally, it may count punctuation marks attached to words as separate words.
- Sentences: The method of splitting lines into sentences based on punctuation marks may not handle all cases correctly. It may not handle abbreviations or acronyms followed by a period as the end of a sentence. It may also count sentences that are not grammatically correct or are part of a larger sentence.
It's essential to consider these limitations and adapt the scripts based on the specific requirements and characteristics of the text files being processed.
| 4. Can I modify these scripts to count only unique words or sentences in a text file? | |
Ans. Yes, you can modify the scripts to count only unique words or sentences in a text file. For unique word count, you can use an associative array to store each word encountered as a key, and then count the number of unique keys at the end. Here's an example modification:
```bash
#!/bin/bash
declare -A uniqueWords
while IFS= read -r line; do
words=($line)
for word in "${words[@]}"; do
uniqueWords["$word"]=1
done
done < "filename.txt"
count=${#uniqueWords[@]}
echo "The number of unique words in the file is: $count"
```
For unique sentence count, you can use a similar approach by storing each sentence encountered as a key in an associative array. Remember to modify the regular expression used to extract sentences accordingly.
| 5. Are there any alternative methods or commands to count the number of words and sentences in a text file? | |
Ans. Yes, there are alternative methods and commands to count the number of words and sentences in a text file. Some alternatives are:
- Using programming languages: Apart from shell scripting, you can use programming languages like Python, Java, or C++ to write more advanced word and sentence counting algorithms. These languages provide libraries and functions that can handle various edge cases and provide accurate results.
- Using text processing tools: There are text processing tools like 'awk' and 'sed' that can be used to manipulate and analyze text files. These tools often have built-in functions or commands that can assist in counting words and sentences.
- Online word and sentence counters: Several websites offer online tools to count words and sentences in a text file. These tools can be convenient if you don't want to write your own scripts or commands.
Each method or command may have its own advantages and limitations, so it's important to choose the one that best suits your requirements and the characteristics of the text file you are working with.
Text Transcript from Video
hello guys my name is Martin and welcome
to my channel this is the 49th tutorial
in the series of tutorials on UNIX shell
scripting in this tutorial we're going
to check out another application of the
exec command and we're going to change
the input stream to a file again and
we're going to build a script that
counts the number of sentences and also
the number of words in a text file now I
know it's possible to do these things
with the help of the WC command
but this shell script might actually be
fun to make so I have my text editor
here and I've saved this file in the
home folder it has a name count and the
extension SH and what I'm going to do
first in this script is I'm going to ask
the user to enter a file name and echo
is going to be the command that I've
used to display the message so enter a
file name right and I will put these
last sequence at the end and I'll use V
to store the input in the variable F
name right now I want to save my current
or no settings so I'll use the variable
terminal to hold them and obviously TDY
is going to be the command that's going
to give me my current terminal settings
and since it's a command I have to put
it in reverse codes because we are
interested in the output and once we've
done that we can change this field to
the file and I do that by typing in exec
space the lesson symbol space dollar F
name because F name is the variable that
contains my file name next what I'm
going to do is I'm gonna initialize two
variables NOL which will eventually
return to me the number of lines in the
file and n hold w which is gonna return
me the number of words and I'm gonna
give both these variables starting
values of zero and now on line 11 I'm
going to write in my while statement
because I want to I trade over the
sentences in the file so I'll obviously
have to use a looping construct and as
we did in last last tutorial we're going
to use
feed statement because we want to fetch
these statements are the text file so
Reid is going to help us do that and
then I'm going to type in my control
where you go for the loop which is going
to be line you can call it anything but
I like to call it line on line 12 I type
in the keyword do because I want to get
inside the wild block now and what why
does for me is it hydrates over all the
sentences in the text file so if you
want to know the number of lines then
basically you have to count the number
of iterations that is you have to count
the number of times the wild body gets
executed and it's actually pretty simple
to determine the number of lines because
I just type in n well and then are
incremented by one so in the first
iteration NOL has the value 0 but at the
end of the first iteration is you have
the value 1 and at the end of the second
iteration it will have the value do and
at the third iteration it will have the
value 3 so if there are 10 lines in the
file then there are going to be 10 while
loop iterations and NOL will be
incremented each time and thus at the
end of the while loops execution NOL
will tell us the number of lines in the
file right so in order to implement NOL
I'll use exp our dollar n L plus 1 and
since this is a mathematical expression
I'd have to put the expression within
reverse code now what I'm going to do is
I'm going to use the set command to set
my positional parameters with the words
that are in the statement over which we
are I trading right so that I'm gonna do
by typing set space dollar line and
remember in the first iteration line
will have the first sentence in the file
so set will set the positional
parameters with the words that are there
in the first sentence and in the second
iteration set will set the position
parameters with the words that are there
in the second sentence and this will
happen as long as there are sentences in
the Beggs file right and once our
positional parameters have been set we
can easily determine their number by
using the value of the system variable
dollar hash right so to count the number
of
typing n or W this people to use expr to
increment the value we're not going to
increment the value by one but we are
going to increment the value by the
number of positional parameters that
have been set by the previous statement
that is set space dollar line so the
other hash that's going to go there and
since again we are interested in the
output of this thing I'm going to put
this expression within reverse quotation
mark and after this we are done with our
while block so I can type in my keyword
done to move out of the while block and
now we can echo out multi number of
lines as well as the number of words on
screen so number of lines dollar NOL and
on the next line I'll use echo to
display the number of words words dollar
n o W alright and now we can change our
input speed back to the keyboard that
I'm going to do by typing in E x ec
space less than symbol space dollar turn
because standard here holds my older
terminal settings right so I save the
script friend and I'll bring up my
terminal and I'll execute this file by
typing in SH space found dot SH and when
I press the Enter key
the shall ask me to enter a file name
and text is a file that I know that's
there in my home folder and has four
sentences I don't know how many words it
has but it has four sentences when I
press the Enter key it tells me that
there are four lines in my file and it
also tells me that there are 37 words
this I thought would be fun because
we'll be learning many new concepts over
the past few uses we haven't been really
doing any meaningful work so I thought
maybe for a change we should build a
script that does something that can
actually be done by using a utility that
that is already known to us now I'm
talking about WC here you could easily
count the number of lines in the text
file
Pasi did as an argument to WC with the
option - L and you can count the number
of words by passing the filename as an
argument to WC with the option - W so
you know those things can be done with
WC but this is what makes people good
programmers they should know how to do
one thing simple things in more than one
ways and that's why I took this example
and I hope you guys had fun watching
this tutorial in the next tutorial we'll
discuss something interesting again
thank you so much for watching this one
I'll see you in the next one and please
subscribe to my channel
to my channel this is the 49th tutorial
in the series of tutorials on UNIX shell
scripting in this tutorial we're going
to check out another application of the
exec command and we're going to change
the input stream to a file again and
we're going to build a script that
counts the number of sentences and also
the number of words in a text file now I
know it's possible to do these things
with the help of the WC command
but this shell script might actually be
fun to make so I have my text editor
here and I've saved this file in the
home folder it has a name count and the
extension SH and what I'm going to do
first in this script is I'm going to ask
the user to enter a file name and echo
is going to be the command that I've
used to display the message so enter a
file name right and I will put these
last sequence at the end and I'll use V
to store the input in the variable F
name right now I want to save my current
or no settings so I'll use the variable
terminal to hold them and obviously TDY
is going to be the command that's going
to give me my current terminal settings
and since it's a command I have to put
it in reverse codes because we are
interested in the output and once we've
done that we can change this field to
the file and I do that by typing in exec
space the lesson symbol space dollar F
name because F name is the variable that
contains my file name next what I'm
going to do is I'm gonna initialize two
variables NOL which will eventually
return to me the number of lines in the
file and n hold w which is gonna return
me the number of words and I'm gonna
give both these variables starting
values of zero and now on line 11 I'm
going to write in my while statement
because I want to I trade over the
sentences in the file so I'll obviously
have to use a looping construct and as
we did in last last tutorial we're going
to use
feed statement because we want to fetch
these statements are the text file so
Reid is going to help us do that and
then I'm going to type in my control
where you go for the loop which is going
to be line you can call it anything but
I like to call it line on line 12 I type
in the keyword do because I want to get
inside the wild block now and what why
does for me is it hydrates over all the
sentences in the text file so if you
want to know the number of lines then
basically you have to count the number
of iterations that is you have to count
the number of times the wild body gets
executed and it's actually pretty simple
to determine the number of lines because
I just type in n well and then are
incremented by one so in the first
iteration NOL has the value 0 but at the
end of the first iteration is you have
the value 1 and at the end of the second
iteration it will have the value do and
at the third iteration it will have the
value 3 so if there are 10 lines in the
file then there are going to be 10 while
loop iterations and NOL will be
incremented each time and thus at the
end of the while loops execution NOL
will tell us the number of lines in the
file right so in order to implement NOL
I'll use exp our dollar n L plus 1 and
since this is a mathematical expression
I'd have to put the expression within
reverse code now what I'm going to do is
I'm going to use the set command to set
my positional parameters with the words
that are in the statement over which we
are I trading right so that I'm gonna do
by typing set space dollar line and
remember in the first iteration line
will have the first sentence in the file
so set will set the positional
parameters with the words that are there
in the first sentence and in the second
iteration set will set the position
parameters with the words that are there
in the second sentence and this will
happen as long as there are sentences in
the Beggs file right and once our
positional parameters have been set we
can easily determine their number by
using the value of the system variable
dollar hash right so to count the number
of
typing n or W this people to use expr to
increment the value we're not going to
increment the value by one but we are
going to increment the value by the
number of positional parameters that
have been set by the previous statement
that is set space dollar line so the
other hash that's going to go there and
since again we are interested in the
output of this thing I'm going to put
this expression within reverse quotation
mark and after this we are done with our
while block so I can type in my keyword
done to move out of the while block and
now we can echo out multi number of
lines as well as the number of words on
screen so number of lines dollar NOL and
on the next line I'll use echo to
display the number of words words dollar
n o W alright and now we can change our
input speed back to the keyboard that
I'm going to do by typing in E x ec
space less than symbol space dollar turn
because standard here holds my older
terminal settings right so I save the
script friend and I'll bring up my
terminal and I'll execute this file by
typing in SH space found dot SH and when
I press the Enter key
the shall ask me to enter a file name
and text is a file that I know that's
there in my home folder and has four
sentences I don't know how many words it
has but it has four sentences when I
press the Enter key it tells me that
there are four lines in my file and it
also tells me that there are 37 words
this I thought would be fun because
we'll be learning many new concepts over
the past few uses we haven't been really
doing any meaningful work so I thought
maybe for a change we should build a
script that does something that can
actually be done by using a utility that
that is already known to us now I'm
talking about WC here you could easily
count the number of lines in the text
file
Pasi did as an argument to WC with the
option - L and you can count the number
of words by passing the filename as an
argument to WC with the option - W so
you know those things can be done with
WC but this is what makes people good
programmers they should know how to do
one thing simple things in more than one
ways and that's why I took this example
and I hope you guys had fun watching
this tutorial in the next tutorial we'll
discuss something interesting again
thank you so much for watching this one
I'll see you in the next one and please
subscribe to my channel
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Nov 22, 2024 Last updated |
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