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How to Calculate Correlation & Covariance in R (R Tutorial 4.9) Video Lecture | Mastering R Programming: For Data Science and Analytics - Database Management

51 videos
Video Timeline
Video Timeline
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00:08 When should we use Pearson's correlation in statistics & in research?
00:16 When should we use Spearman's rank correlation in statistics & in research?
00:24 When should we use kendall's rank correlation in statistics & in research?
00:54 How to access the help menu in R statistical software for correlation functions
01:05 How to produce a scatterplot in the R programming language to explore the relationship between variables using "plot" function
01:39 How to calculate the correlation between variables using the "cor" function in R
01:46 How to calculate Pearson's correlation using "method" argument in R
02:17 How to calculate Spearman's rank correlation using "method" argument in R
02:24 How to calculate kendall's rank correlation in R using "method" argument
02:34 How to produce a confidence interval and test the hypothesis for the correlation in R using the "cor.test" function
03:21 How to calculate the p-value when there are exact values in dataset using "exact" argument in R
03:42 How to change the alternative hypothesis using the "alt" argument in R
04:03 How to change the confidence level using the "conf.level" function in R
04:13 How to calculate the covariance in R using the "cov" function
04:27 How to produce all possible pair-wise plots using the "pairs" function in R
04:50 How to produce a "pairs" plot only for some of the variables in the dataset by sub-setting data using square brackets in R
05:26 How to produce a correlation matrix in R using the "cor" function & "method" argument
05:37 How to deal with categorical variables in the dataset when creating a correlation matrix by subsetting data using square brackets in R
06:18 How to produce the covariance matrix using the "cov" function in R
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FAQs on How to Calculate Correlation & Covariance in R (R Tutorial 4.9) Video Lecture - Mastering R Programming: For Data Science and Analytics - Database Management

1. How do I calculate correlation in R?
Ans. To calculate the correlation between two variables in R, you can use the "cor()" function. Simply pass the two variables as arguments to the function, and it will return the correlation coefficient. For example, if you have two variables named "x" and "y", you can calculate their correlation using the following code: correlation <- cor(x, y) This will assign the correlation coefficient to the variable "correlation".
2. How do I calculate covariance in R?
Ans. To calculate the covariance between two variables in R, you can use the "cov()" function. Similar to calculating correlation, pass the two variables as arguments to the function, and it will return the covariance. For example, if you have variables named "x" and "y", you can calculate their covariance using the following code: covariance <- cov(x, y) This will assign the covariance value to the variable "covariance".
3. Can I calculate the correlation matrix for multiple variables in R?
Ans. Yes, you can calculate the correlation matrix for multiple variables in R using the "cor()" function. Instead of passing just two variables, you can pass a matrix or data frame containing all the variables for which you want to calculate the correlation. For example, if you have a data frame named "df" with variables "x", "y", and "z", you can calculate the correlation matrix using the following code: correlation_matrix <- cor(df) This will calculate the pairwise correlations between all the variables in the data frame and store them in the "correlation_matrix".
4. What does the correlation coefficient value indicate?
Ans. The correlation coefficient measures the strength and direction of the linear relationship between two variables. It ranges from -1 to 1. A correlation coefficient of 1 indicates a perfect positive linear relationship, -1 indicates a perfect negative linear relationship, and 0 indicates no linear relationship. The closer the correlation coefficient is to 1 or -1, the stronger the relationship between the variables. A correlation coefficient close to 0 suggests a weak or no relationship.
5. Can I calculate partial correlations in R?
Ans. Yes, you can calculate partial correlations in R by using the "ppcor" package. This package provides the "pcor()" function, which allows you to calculate partial correlations while controlling for the effects of other variables. The "pcor()" function takes a correlation matrix as input and returns a matrix of partial correlation coefficients. To use this function, you need to install and load the "ppcor" package in R.
51 videos
Video Timeline
Video Timeline
arrow
00:08 When should we use Pearson's correlation in statistics & in research?
00:16 When should we use Spearman's rank correlation in statistics & in research?
00:24 When should we use kendall's rank correlation in statistics & in research?
00:54 How to access the help menu in R statistical software for correlation functions
01:05 How to produce a scatterplot in the R programming language to explore the relationship between variables using "plot" function
01:39 How to calculate the correlation between variables using the "cor" function in R
01:46 How to calculate Pearson's correlation using "method" argument in R
02:17 How to calculate Spearman's rank correlation using "method" argument in R
02:24 How to calculate kendall's rank correlation in R using "method" argument
02:34 How to produce a confidence interval and test the hypothesis for the correlation in R using the "cor.test" function
03:21 How to calculate the p-value when there are exact values in dataset using "exact" argument in R
03:42 How to change the alternative hypothesis using the "alt" argument in R
04:03 How to change the confidence level using the "conf.level" function in R
04:13 How to calculate the covariance in R using the "cov" function
04:27 How to produce all possible pair-wise plots using the "pairs" function in R
04:50 How to produce a "pairs" plot only for some of the variables in the dataset by sub-setting data using square brackets in R
05:26 How to produce a correlation matrix in R using the "cor" function & "method" argument
05:37 How to deal with categorical variables in the dataset when creating a correlation matrix by subsetting data using square brackets in R
06:18 How to produce the covariance matrix using the "cov" function in R
More
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