Mechanical Engineering Exam > Mechanical Engineering Videos > Fluid Mechanics for Mechanical Engineering > Systems & Control Volumes
Systems & Control Volumes Video Lecture | Fluid Mechanics for Mechanical Engineering
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FAQs on Systems & Control Volumes Video Lecture - Fluid Mechanics for Mechanical Engineering
| 1. What is a control volume in systems and control? |  |
A control volume, in the context of systems and control, refers to a specific region or volume in a system that is chosen for analysis. It is an imaginary boundary that separates the system from its surroundings. By defining a control volume, it allows engineers to focus on the mass, energy, and momentum interactions occurring within that volume, simplifying the analysis of complex systems.
| 2. How is a control volume different from a control system? | |
While a control volume focuses on analyzing a specific region or volume within a system, a control system refers to the overall arrangement of components, such as sensors, controllers, and actuators, that work together to achieve a desired output or behavior. A control system can have multiple control volumes within it, each responsible for a specific analysis or function. So, a control system is a broader concept that encompasses the control volumes within it.
| 3. What are some applications of control volumes in engineering? | |
Control volumes are widely used in various engineering fields. Some common applications include fluid dynamics, heat transfer analysis, and thermodynamics. For example, in fluid dynamics, control volumes are used to study the flow of fluids through pipes or channels. In heat transfer analysis, control volumes help in analyzing the transfer of heat within a system. By using control volumes, engineers can accurately model and predict the behavior of these systems, enabling them to optimize designs and improve efficiency.
| 4. How are mass and energy conserved within a control volume? | |
Within a control volume, mass and energy are conserved according to the principles of conservation. Mass conservation states that the rate of change of mass within the control volume is equal to the net mass flow rate into or out of the control volume. Energy conservation, on the other hand, follows the principle of conservation of energy, which states that the rate of change of energy within the control volume is equal to the net energy flow rate into or out of the control volume, plus the rate at which energy is generated or consumed within the control volume.
| 5. What is the significance of control volumes in system analysis and design? | |
Control volumes play a crucial role in system analysis and design as they provide a structured and systematic approach to understanding and predicting the behavior of complex systems. By defining control volumes, engineers can focus on specific regions of interest, facilitating the development of mathematical models and simulations for system analysis. This allows for the identification of potential issues, optimization of system performance, and design improvements. Control volumes help engineers gain insights into the internal workings of systems, enabling them to make informed decisions in their analysis and design processes.
Text Transcript from Video
In this lesson, we will discuss the difference
between systems and control volumes.
In all areas of engineering, including fluid
mechanics, the conservation laws are vital
for analyzing the behavior and performance
of devices.
For example, these laws help us determine
the lift produced by an airfoil, the increase
in pressure created by a pump, or the amount
of power we can extract from a turbine.
There are two approaches to analyzing engineering
devices.
The first approach is called the control mass
or “system”, approach, which will be denoted
by the subscript “sys”.
In the system approach, we focus our attention
on a set of fluid particles as they travel
through the device.
The second approach is the control volume
approach, which will be denoted by the subscript
“CV”.
In the control volume approach, we focus on
the region of space occupied by the device.
The control volume is surrounded by a control
surface, which is denoted by the subscript
“CS”.
To help illustrate the difference between
the system and control volume approaches,
let’s take a look at fluid flowing through
a pipe.
The section of pipe we wish to analyze is
outlined by red dashed lines.
At time t1, a specific amount of mass, highlighted
in pink, occupies the section of pipe.
This mass is called a system.
The control surface is marked by the red dashed
lines and the control volume is inside the
control surface.
So initially, both the system and control
volume occupy the same region of space.
At a future time t2, the control volume and
control surface stay in place but some of
the system has flowed out of the control volume.
When analyzing a device, it is usually much
easier to observe the region of space occupied
by the device rather than track the individual
particles as they travel through the device.
Although many devices are fixed in place and
rigid, such as the pipe we just discussed,
that is not the case for all devices.
Sometimes it is necessary to have a control
volume that moves or deforms.
For example, a jet engine is filled with air,
fuel, and exhaust gases at time t1.
The control volume is the region of space
occupied by the jet engine and outlined by
red dashed lines.
The system is the pink shaded area.
At time t1, the control volume and system
occupy the same region of space.
At a later time t2, the control volume has
travelled to the left while the system has
been expelled to the right.
In this case, the control volume has moved,
but not deformed.
On the bottom of the screen we have an example
where the control volume moves and deforms.
A balloon is initially filled with air at
time t1.
The control volume is outlined by the surface
of the balloon and the system is shaded in
pink.
At this time, both the control volume and
system occupy the same region of space.
Air is allowed to escape and at a future time
t2, the control volume has moved and become
smaller, while some of the system has left
the balloon.
between systems and control volumes.
In all areas of engineering, including fluid
mechanics, the conservation laws are vital
for analyzing the behavior and performance
of devices.
For example, these laws help us determine
the lift produced by an airfoil, the increase
in pressure created by a pump, or the amount
of power we can extract from a turbine.
There are two approaches to analyzing engineering
devices.
The first approach is called the control mass
or “system”, approach, which will be denoted
by the subscript “sys”.
In the system approach, we focus our attention
on a set of fluid particles as they travel
through the device.
The second approach is the control volume
approach, which will be denoted by the subscript
“CV”.
In the control volume approach, we focus on
the region of space occupied by the device.
The control volume is surrounded by a control
surface, which is denoted by the subscript
“CS”.
To help illustrate the difference between
the system and control volume approaches,
let’s take a look at fluid flowing through
a pipe.
The section of pipe we wish to analyze is
outlined by red dashed lines.
At time t1, a specific amount of mass, highlighted
in pink, occupies the section of pipe.
This mass is called a system.
The control surface is marked by the red dashed
lines and the control volume is inside the
control surface.
So initially, both the system and control
volume occupy the same region of space.
At a future time t2, the control volume and
control surface stay in place but some of
the system has flowed out of the control volume.
When analyzing a device, it is usually much
easier to observe the region of space occupied
by the device rather than track the individual
particles as they travel through the device.
Although many devices are fixed in place and
rigid, such as the pipe we just discussed,
that is not the case for all devices.
Sometimes it is necessary to have a control
volume that moves or deforms.
For example, a jet engine is filled with air,
fuel, and exhaust gases at time t1.
The control volume is the region of space
occupied by the jet engine and outlined by
red dashed lines.
The system is the pink shaded area.
At time t1, the control volume and system
occupy the same region of space.
At a later time t2, the control volume has
travelled to the left while the system has
been expelled to the right.
In this case, the control volume has moved,
but not deformed.
On the bottom of the screen we have an example
where the control volume moves and deforms.
A balloon is initially filled with air at
time t1.
The control volume is outlined by the surface
of the balloon and the system is shaded in
pink.
At this time, both the control volume and
system occupy the same region of space.
Air is allowed to escape and at a future time
t2, the control volume has moved and become
smaller, while some of the system has left
the balloon.
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Nov 15, 2024 Last updated |
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