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Introduction: History of Constitutional Development in India Video Lecture | Famous Books for UPSC Exam (Summary & Tests)
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| 1. What is the history of constitutional development in India? |  |
Ans. The history of constitutional development in India dates back to the colonial era when the British introduced various constitutional reforms. The Indian National Congress, formed in 1885, played a significant role in demanding constitutional rights and self-governance. The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms of 1919 and the Government of India Act 1935 further paved the way for the development of a constitutional framework. After India's independence in 1947, a Constituent Assembly was formed to draft and adopt the Constitution of India, which came into effect on January 26, 1950.
| 2. What were the key constitutional reforms during the colonial era in India? | |
Ans. The key constitutional reforms during the colonial era in India include the Morley-Minto Reforms of 1909, the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms of 1919, and the Government of India Act 1935. The Morley-Minto Reforms introduced a limited form of representation for Indians in the legislative councils. The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms provided for the expansion of legislative councils, the introduction of dyarchy (shared governance) in provinces, and the establishment of a separate electorate system based on religion. The Government of India Act 1935 granted a significant degree of autonomy to the provinces and introduced a federal system.
| 3. What role did the Indian National Congress play in the constitutional development of India? | |
Ans. The Indian National Congress played a crucial role in the constitutional development of India. It was at the forefront of the freedom struggle and demanded constitutional rights and self-governance from the British. The Congress organized several mass movements, such as the Non-Cooperation Movement and the Civil Disobedience Movement, to press for political reforms. It also actively participated in the Round Table Conferences and negotiations with the British government to secure greater representation and autonomy for Indians. Many prominent leaders of the Congress later became key figures in drafting and implementing the Indian Constitution.
| 4. How did the Constituent Assembly contribute to the development of the Indian Constitution? | |
Ans. The Constituent Assembly of India was formed in 1946 to draft and adopt the Constitution of India. It consisted of elected representatives from various political parties and regions. The Assembly held extensive debates and discussions on various issues, including fundamental rights, federalism, and the distribution of powers between the center and the states. It also sought input from experts and held public consultations to ensure a comprehensive and inclusive constitution. The Constituent Assembly's efforts resulted in the adoption of the Constitution on November 26, 1949, and its implementation on January 26, 1950.
| 5. What are some key features of the Indian Constitution? | |
Ans. The Indian Constitution is known for its several key features. It provides for a parliamentary form of government, with a President as the head of state and a Prime Minister as the head of government. It guarantees fundamental rights to all citizens, including the right to equality, freedom of speech and expression, and the right to constitutional remedies. The Constitution also establishes a federal system with a division of powers between the central government and the states. It promotes secularism, social justice, and the principle of equality. Additionally, the Constitution provides for an independent judiciary and a system of checks and balances to ensure the separation of powers.
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